Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya
digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus
Subject + Verb 1 (present form)
Kata Sinyal
always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif
He always works very hard in the company.
Kalimat Negatif
He does not work very hard in the company.
Kalimat Tanya
Does he work very hard in the company?
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
Contoh soal Simple Present Tense:

1. Positive: Tifa has a very good record at boxing.

Negative: Tifa ..... a very good record at boxing.

Which one is the correct answer?

a. doesn't has
b. hasn't
c. haven't
d. doesn't have
2. Interrogative: Do you think he can do it all alone?
Negative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. He don't think you can do it all alone.

b. He doesn't think you can do it all alone.
c. I don't think he can do it all alone.
d. Don't you think he can do it all alone.

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang
berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana
di masa depan.
 Rumus
Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif
Look! He is talking with his classmates.
Kalimat Negatif
He is not playing computer games now.
Kalimat Tanya
Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
Contoh soal Present Continuous Tense:

1. Positive: Mom is chopping vegetables in the kitchen.

Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Is Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?

b. Are Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
c. Does Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
d. Do Mom chopping vegetables in the kitchen?
2. Negative: I'm not angry with him.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Do I angry with him?

b. Are you angry with him?
c. Do you angry with him?
d. Have you angry with him?

Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang
berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Rumus
Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif
He has already finished his homework.
Kalimat Negatif
He has not been to Australia so far.
 Kalimat Tanya
Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Contoh soal Present Perfect Tense:

1. Positive: I have worked on this task for the last 3 hours.

Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Have you working on this task for the last 3 hours?

b. Are you working on this task for the last 3 hours?
c. Have you been worked this task for the last 3 hours?
d. Have you worked on this task for the last 3 hours?
2. Negative: She hasn't visited her mother this month.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Does she have visited her mother this month?

b. Has she visited her mother this month?
c. Have she visited her mother this month?
d. Is she visiting her mother this month?
Baca juga : Kamus Bahasa Inggris

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lampau.
Rumus
Subject + Verb II (past form)
Kata Sinyal
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif
Last year, he always worked until night.
Kalimat Negatif
He did not go to school this morning.
Kalimat Tanya
Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
Contoh soal Simple Past Tense:

1. Positive: He realized that he had to do better.

Interrogative:
 Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did he realize that he had to do better?

b. Does he realize that he had to do better?
c. Had he realize that he had to do better?
d. Did he realized that he had to do better?
2. Negative: I didn't know him that well before.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did you know him that well before?

b. Do you know him that well before?
c. Are you know him that well before?
d. Did you knew him that well before?

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian
menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang
menggunakan past continuous tense.
Rumus
Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday
Kalimat Positif
He was speaking when I entered in room.
Kalimat Negatif
He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
Contoh soal Past Continuous Tense:

1. Interrogative: Was I listening to the music when Mom came to my room?

Negative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. I wasn't listening to the music when Mom came to my room.

b. I didn't listening to the music when Mom comes to my room.
 c. I was listening to the music when Mom was coming to my room.
d. I was listened to the music when Mom was coming to my room.
2. Positive: You were playing football at 5 PM the day before.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Were you played football at 5 PM the day before?

b. Were you playing football at 5 PM the day before?
c. Were you play football at 5 PM the day before?
d. Were you being played football at 5PM the day before?

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu
tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif
He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif
He had not been a high school student until last year.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Contoh soal Past Perfect Tense:

1. Positive: We had worked together before one of us got married.

Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Had we work together before one of us got married?

b. Had we worked together before one of us got married
c. Did we work together before one of us got married?
d. Did we worked together before one of us got married?
2. Negative: I hadn't finished the homework when you called me the night before.
Positive:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. I had finish the homework when you called me the night before.
 b. I had finished the homework when you called me the night before.
c. I finished the homework when you had called me the night before.
d. I had been finishing the homework when you called me the night before.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk
mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Rumus
Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif
He said that he had been working here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif
He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya
Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Contoh soal Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

1. Positive: My friend said he had been exploring the country in his twenties.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did your friend explore the country in his twenties?

b. Had he exploring the country in his twenties?
c. Had your friend been exploring the country in his twenties?
d. Did your friend explored the country in his twenties?
2. Negative: My coworker was told that he hadn't been doing a great job.
Interrogative:

Which one is the correct answer?

a. Did you been doing a great job?

b. Had he been doing a great job?
c. Did your coworker do a great job?
d. Had your coworker do a great hob?
Simple Future Tense
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat
dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau
asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan
2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)
Kata Sinyal
in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later
Kalimat Positif
He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Rumus
Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal
tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif
He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif
He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.
Kalimat Tanya
Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
 Different between present perfect and present perfect
continuous

Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Tense Tense

“I have done my homework.”

“I have been doing my home-work.”
(menggunakan auxiliary atau
Bentuk (menggunakan auxiliary atau kata bantu ‘have/has
kata bantu ‘have/has’
kalimat been’ dan verb-ing)
& verb 3)

Kedua tenses ini sama-sama digunakan untuk menyebutkan kegiatan yang dimulai
Penggunaan
di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang atau baru saja selesai.

Present Perfect ini digunakan

Present Perfect Continuous digunakan untuk
untuk menekankan hasil dari
menekankan durasi dari suatu kegiatan atau
kegiatan yang dilakukan.
kelanjutan dari suatu kegiatan.
 
Hasil akhir  
atau durasi?
“I have written five letters.”
“I have been writing for two hours.” Saya sudah
Saya sudah menulis lima
menulis selama dua jam.
surat.

Ada kata-kata tertentu yang hanya digunakan di Present Perfect Tense, contohnya:
–       State verbs (kata kerja yg menunjukkan keadaan) seperti be, have.

–       Sense verbs (kata kerja yg menunjukkan indra)

Kata-kata seperti feel, hear, see, smell, taste, atau touch.
tertentu
–       Brain work verbs (kata kerja yg menunjukkan kegiatan berpikir)
seperti believe, know, think, understand.
 Jika kamu ingin menekankan
ke hasil akhir sebuah Jika kamu ingin menekankan ke efek yang
kegiatan, maka kamu harus dihasilkan dari mengerjakan kegiatan tersebut,
menggunakan Present maka kamu harus menggunakan Present Perfect
Perfect Tense. Continuous.
Hasil akhir    
atau efek?
“I have cleaned the car.” “I have been washing the car. That’s why my
Saya sudah membersihkan clothes are wet.” Saya sedang mencuci mobil.
mobilnya. (Hasilnya, mobil Makanya baju saya basah.
jadi bersih)

Satu cara mudah untuk membedakan antara Present Perfect dan Present Perfect

Continuous adalah mengerti apakah kegiatan tersebut sudah terjadi apa sedang terjadi.
Jika kegiatan tersebut sudah terjadi, maka kamu akan menemukan kata-kata tertentu di
dalam kalimat, seperti how often, … times, already, atau yet (dalam kalimat negatif).
Namun jika kegiatan tersebut masih berlangsung maka kata-kata yang akan kamu
temukan dalam kalimat Present Perfect Continuous adalah how long, since, atau for.

Present perfect vs. simple past

You must always use the present perfect when the time of an action is not important or
not specified.
You must always use the simple past when details about the time or place that an
action occured are given or request

Present perfect Simple past

I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.

They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.

 Present perfect Simple past

Have you seen 'Othello'? Where did you see 'Othello'?

We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?

There is also a difference in attitude between the two tenses, which is often an

important factor in choosing which tense to use.

 "What did you do at school today?" I use the simple past tense because the
question is about activities, and the school day is considered finished.
 "What have you done at school today?" I use the present perfect because the
question is about results : « show me ». The time at which the question is asked
is considered as a continuation of the school day.