- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, so on

Mathematics
- developed by human mind and culture Integers
- is a formal system of thought for recognizing, - negative, positive and 0 numbers
classifying, and exploiting patterns. (Stewart, p. 1) - are whole and natural
- study of patterns, process of thinking, set of
problem-solving tools, a language, an art Rational
- is everywhere - expressed in fraction form
- ratios of 2 numbers
Pattern and Its Types - ½, ¾, 7/4, 1/100, etc.
- has repeating pattern
Pattern
- is the repeated or regular way in which something Irrational
happens or is done. - cannot be fraction form
- Numeric - √2, √3, pi(π), etc.
- no repeating pattern

Fibonacci Numbers
Fn = 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,...

- Geometric

Fibonacci Sequence
Number Let Fn be the term in the Fibonacci sequence where
- An arithmetical value expressed through word, n = 3,4,5,...
symbol or figure that represents quantity, order,
name, and is used for counting. Then, to find Fn we have, Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
Example: Find the following terms in the Fibonacci
Sequence
a. 8th term
b. 9th term

a. Solution
Fn = 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,...

Since we are looking for the 8th term, thus n = 8.

Then, apply the formula and so,
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2
F8 = F8−1 + F8−2
F8 = F7 + F6
Natural Numbers F8 = 13 + 8 = 21
- known as “counting numbers”
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, so on
Hence, the 8th term in the Fibonacci Sequence is
- excludes 0 since 0 cannot be counted
F8 = 21

Whole Numbers
Binet’s Formula
- Formulated by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet Mathematics: Language and Symbols
- Used to find the nth term of the Fibonacci Sequence
 1 + 5  n  1 − 5  n  Characteristics of the Mathematics Language
1
Fn =   −   ➢ Precise
 2   2  
    
5 - able to make very fine distinctions or definitions
➢ Concise
Example: - able to say things briefly
Find the 20th term in the Fibonacci Sequence. ➢ Powerful
- able to express complex thoughts with relative
Solution: ease
Since we are looking for the 20th term, n = 20. We ➢ Nontemporal
have, - has no tense
 1 + 5  n  1 − 5  n  ➢ Vocabulary and parts of speech
1
Fn =   −   - numbers
5  2   2  
  

- operation symbols
1  1 + 5  20  1 − 5  20 
F20 =   −   - relation symbols
5  2   2  
  
 - variables
F20 = 6,765 - grouping symbols

Golden Ratio Mathematical Sentence and Expression

Golden Ratio (Φ) in Nature
1 5 Mathematical Expression
=  1.618...
2 - refers to object of interest acting as the subject in
Example: the ordinary langauge.
- Mona Lisa’s face
Example: 4, 5 + 2, -7e
QUIPPER QUIZ SOLUTIONS
Mathematical Sentence
1. If the 13th term of the Fibonacci Sequence is - a statement that expresses a complete thought that
233 then the 15th term of the sequence is 610, could be either true or false.
what is the 14th term?
Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2 Example: 5 + 2 = 7, 8 < 3
𝐹14 = 𝐹14+1 − 𝐹14−1
𝐹14 = 𝐹15 − 𝐹13
𝐹14 = 610 − 233 Basic Concept of Mathematical Language and
𝑭𝟏𝟒 = 𝟑𝟕𝟕 Elementary Logic

2. What is the 50th term in the Fibonacci Sequence? Set

1  1 + 5  n  1 − 5  n 
Fn =   −   - a collection of objects which are called elements of
 2   2  
    
5
the set.
- The symbol for the term “element” is ∈.

Example:
The set of Natural Numbers (N) = {1,2,3,4,5,...}
The set of first year nursing students in Davao
Doctors College
3. What is the next term in 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, __ The set of Mongol 1 pencils
- 5 answer. The set of Negative Integers, {-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,...}
The set of Whole Numbers, {0,1,2,3,4,5,...}
4. ½, 2/5, 3/8, 4/11, __
- 5/14 answer.
Two ways to represent the elements of the set 6. Write the set of odd numbers that is greater than or
equal to -7 but less than 5.
1.Roster Method
- lists of all the elements

Example:
Set A is the set of counting numbers less than 5.
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}

2.Set Builder Notation

- presents the elements by stating their common
properties

Example:
1. Set B is a set of integers greater than 10.
B = { x / x Ɛ Z and x< 10} 7. Write the set of positive perfect square numbers
that is less than 120.
2. Write the set of natural numbers that is less than 6.

A is the set of all x such that x is the natural number, x Function and Relation
is greater than or equal to 1 but it is less than or equal
to 5 Function and Relation
- A function f assigns each element x of set A (Domain)
3. Write the set of all whole numbers that is less than to a unique element y of set B (Range).
8. - If it is not a function, it is just a relation.

Function

B is the set of all x such that x is the whole number, x

is greater than or equal to 0 but it is less than 8.

4. Write the set of integers that is greater than -4 but

less than or equal to 5.
Relation

5. Write the set of positive even numbers that is less

than 15.
Function

Function

Function

Relation

Function

Relation