Unesco Als Ls2 Science m06 (v3.2)

SECONDARY
JHS
LEARNING STRAND 2
SCIENTIFIC AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
MODULE 6: WHY IS PREVENTION BETTER THAN CURE?
ALS Accreditation and Equivalency Program: Junior High School
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LEARNING STRAND 2
WHY IS PREVENTION
BETTER THAN CURE?
SCIENTIFIC AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

MODULE 6
ALS Accreditation and Equivalency Program: Junior High School
Learning Strand 2: Scientific and Critical Thinking Skills
Module 6: Why Is Prevention Better Than Cure?
Published in 2020 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNESCO Office, Jakarta
Jalan Galuh II No. 5, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia
and
Department of Education
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Copyright © UNESCO and DepEd 2020
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DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Jenelyn Marasigan Baylon Master Teacher I, ALS Task Force (On-detail)

Kristine Lee S. Lumanog Education Program Specialist II, ALS Task Force (On-detail)
Judy R. Mendoza Project Development Officer III, Bureau of Learning Resources
Reyangie V. Sandoval Education Program Specialist II, Bureau of Learning Resources
Josephine C. Intino Senior Education Program Specialist, Bureau of Curriculum Development
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Roderick P. Corpuz Supervising Education Program Specialist, ALS Task Force
Daisy Asuncion O. Santos Chief Education Program Specialist, Bureau of Learning Resources
Marilette R. Almayda Director III/Head, ALS Task Force
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G. H. S. Ambat Assistant Secretary for Alternative Learning System Program
and Task Force
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and Project Management Service
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Joshua Olindan Author

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Content and Language Evaluators and Instructional Design Reviewer

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Rusyda Djamhur Project Assistant
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User’s Guide
For the ALS Learner:
Welcome to this Module entitled Why Is Prevention Better Than Cure? under Learning Strand 2 Scientific and
Critical Thinking Skills of the ALS K to 12 Basic Education (BEC).
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent
learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to
Let’s Get to Know
learn in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know
Pre-assessment about the lesson. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you
Setting the Path
discover and understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your

Trying This Out understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
Understanding
This includes questions that process what you learned from the lesson.
What You Did
Sharpening This section provides an activity that will help you transfer your new
Your Skills knowledge or skill in real-life situations or concerns.
Treading the This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the
Road to Mastery given learning competency.
Don’t Forget This part serves as a summary of the lessons in the module.
In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge
Explore More
or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts.
This part will assess your level of mastery in achieving the learning
Reach the Top
competencies in each lesson in the module.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.
This portion gives information about the meanings of the specialized words
Glossary
used in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer the Pre-assessment before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your ALS Teacher/Instructional Manager/Learning Facilitator
once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your ALS
Teacher/Instructional Manager/Learning Facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of
the relevant competencies. You can do it!
Let's Get to Know 1
Pre-Assessment 2
LESSON 1: How Do I Take Care of My 6
Reproductive System?
Setting the Path 6

Trying This Out 7
Understanding What You Did 8
Sharpening Your Skills 14
Treading the Road to Mastery 18
LESSON 2: How Can The Community Help 19
contents
in Taking Care of My
Reproductive Health?
Setting the Path 19

Trying This Out 20
Understanding What You did 21
LESSON 3: What are the Common 28
Misconceptions about Reproductive
Health?
Setting the Path 28

Trying This Out 29
Understanding What You Did 30
Don't Forget 38
Explore More 40
Reach the Top 41
Answer Key 43
Glossary 50
References 51
contents
Module 6
Let’s get to know
J osh is scrolling through social media when he encounters viral posts

about chlamydia, HIV, AIDS, and other reproductive health disorders.
Not knowing what to believe, Josh gets more confused than enlightened.
According to his media literacy class, Josh needs to be able to discern real
and fake news. Let us help Josh in learning about reproductive health.
Why is Prevention Better than Cure? 1

Module 6
pre-assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which body system consists of testicle, penis, and prostate in males, and
uterus, ovary, cervix, vagina, and vulva in females?
a. reproductive system c. digestive system

b. circulatory system d. nervous system
2. Which of the following is a symptom of breast cancer?
a. pressure or pain in the pelvic area

b. fluid coming out of the nipple, especially if it is blood
c. bleeding or discharge from the vagina that is not normal
d. itching, bleeding, burning or sores around the opening of the vagina
that do not go away
3. Which of the following best describes a mammogram?
a. a blood test to show signs of cancer

b. a collection of sample cells to check for cervical cancer
c. a screening of breast cancer through an x-ray test
d. a removal of skin tissue to examine symptoms of cancer
4. Which of the following is NOT a cause of penile cancer?
a. weak flow of urine

b. being aged 50 years old or older
c. undescended testicle
d. using tobacco products
2 Why is Prevention Better than Cure?

Module 6
5. Which of the following is NOT a form of cancer treatment?
a. skin biopsy c. hormone therapy

b. chemotheraphy d. surgery
6. Which of the following refer to Republic Act 10354?
a. Universal Healthcare
b. Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
c. National Health Insurance
d. Graphic Health Warnings
7. Which of the following is NOT an element of RA 10354?
a. family planning information and services

b. male responsibility and involvement
c. epidemiologic surveillance systems
d. Prevention, treatment, and management of infertility or sexual
dysfunction
8. Which of the following is NOT prevented or managed by RA 10354?
a. reproductive tract infections

b. HIV/AIDS
c. sexually-transmitted infections
d. violence against women and children
9. Which of the following is classified under hospital-based family planning

services?
a. intrauterine device (IUD)

b. emergency obstetric (childbirth) care
c. contraceptives
d. updated training on the delivery of reproductive health care services

Module 6
10. Which of the following is NOT an employer’s responsibility towards

women according to RA 10354?
a. non-discrimination
b. distribution of contraceptives
c. regularization of employment status
d. selection for retrenchment
11. Which of the following is NOT true about sexually-transmitted infections

(STI)?
a. persons with STI will exhibit symptoms of infections

b. oral sex does not give you STI
c. each type of STI has its own treatment
d. a person can only have one STI at a time
12. Which of the following is false about the menstrual cycle?
a. light spotting is normal in the early part of pregnancy and should

not be perceived as menstrual bleeding
b. severe menstrual cramping is not normal
c. women who experience severe menstrual cramps may have
endometriosis
d. menstruation is triggered by traumatic events or experiences
13. Which of the following is true about pregnancy?
a. semen contains sperm which can make a woman pregnant

b. a female cannot get pregnant if she didn’t have her first period yet
c. pre-ejaculate fluid cannot make a woman pregnant
d. during an unprotected sex, a woman will not pregnant

Module 6
14. Which of the following is true about contraceptives?
a. contraceptives are not effective

b. condoms can prevent HIV and STI if used consistently and correctly
c. contraceptives cause abortion
d. contraceptives improves fertilization during sexual intercourse
15. Which of the following is false about sex education?

a. mandatory sex education will destroy the family
b. morality is compromised when people are educated about sex
c. sex education promotes safe sexual intercourse
d. HIV rates increase because of sex education

LESSON 1
Setting the Path
How Do I Take Care of My

Reproductive System?
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
identify common ailments of the

reproductive system according to cause/s
(LS2SC-BC-PSD-AE/JHS-48);
identify common ailments of the

reproductive system according to symptom/s
(LS2SC-BC-PSD-AE/JHS-48) and;
cite ways to prevent ailments of the

reproductive system (LS2SC-BC-PSD-AE/
JHS-49).

Lesson 1
TRYING THIS OUT
1. On a separate sheet of paper draw the figure given below. Encircle and
label the following parts of the male reproductive system.
a. penis
b. prostate
c. testicle
Figure 1.1. Male reproductive system.
2. On a separate sheet of paper draw the figure given below. Encircle and
label the following parts of the female reproductive system.
a. cervix
b. ovary
c. uterus
d. vagina
e. vulva
Figure 1.2. Female reproductive system.

Lesson 1
Understanding What You Did
The parts that you identified are the most common areas of the
reproductive system where cells can grow too much that they become
unhealthy. If left unchecked, those cells may become a deadly disease called
cancer.
Figure 1.3. Growth of cancer cells.
Reproductive cancer is a type of cancer found in the organs related

to reproduction. The most common reproductive organs in women which
may develop cancer are the breast, cervix, ovaries, vagina, vulva, and uterus.
The table below shows the location, symptom/s, and cause/s of each type of
cancer.
Table 1. Location, Sign/s and Symptom/s and Cause/s of Reproductive

Cancers in Women
TYPE OF CANCER Breast
Breast
LOCATION
·· tissues of the breast
·· a lump in the breast

SIGN/S AND
·· fluid coming out of nipple, especially if it is blood
·· changes to skin of the breast or around the nipple
SYMPTOM/S

Lesson 1
·· being 55 years old or older

·· someone in your family having had breast cancer
CAUSE/S (for example, mother or a sister)
·· smoking
·· drinking alcohol
TYPE OF CANCER Cervical
Cervix
LOCATION
··lower end of the uterus that extends to the vagina
SIGN/S AND
·· bleeding or discharge from the vagina that is not
normal
·· may not show any symptom
SYMPTOM/S
·· smoking
·· having HIV or a weak immune system
CAUSE/S
·· persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus
(HPV).
TYPE OF CANCER Ovarian

Ovaries
LOCATION ··the two organs that produce female hormones
and a woman’s eggs
·· bleeding or discharge from the vagina that is not

normal
SIGN/S AND
·· pressure or pain in the pelvic area
·· pressure or pain in the abdomen (belly) or back
SYMPTOM/S
·· bloating

Lesson 1
·· feeling full quickly while eating

·· in urine orin stool)
changes bathroom habits (constipation, blood
·· being 40 years or older

CAUSE/S ·· ovary, breast,
someone in your family having had cancer of the
or colon
·· being of Eastern European Jewish descent
TYPE OF CANCER Vaginal
Vagina
LOCATION ··hollow channel from the uterus and cervix leading
to the outside of the body
·· watery vaginal ·· constipation

SIGN/S AND
discharge ·· pelvic pain
SYMPTOM/S
·· painful urination ·· frequent urination
·· having cervical pre- ·· smoking

cancer or cancer ·· multiple sexual
CAUSE/S
·· having HIV or a weak partners
immune system ·· having HPV
TYPE OF CANCER Vulvar
Vulva
LOCATION
··the area around the opening of the vagina
SIGN/S AND
·· itching, bleeding, burning, a rash or sores around
the opening of vagina that do not go away
SYMPTOM/S ·· changes in color of skin around the opening of
the vagina
·· having cervical pre- ·· smoking

cancer or cancer · · multiple sexual
CAUSE/S
·· having HIV or a weak partners
immune system ·· having HPV

Lesson 1
TYPE OF CANCER Uterine

Uterus
LOCATION ·· hollow muscular organ that is located in the
female pelvis between the bladder and rectum
SIGN/S AND
·· bleeding or discharge
from the vagina that is
··
pressure or pain in the
pelvic area
SYMPTOM/S not normal ··
bleeding after
·· bleeding after sex menopause
·· being 50 years or
older
··
changes in the
balance of female
·· someone in your hormones in the body
CAUSE/S
family having had
cancer of the uterus,
··
being overweight.
ovary, or colon
Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Ovarian Cancer
Vaginal Cancer Uterine Cancer Vulvur Cancer
Figure 1.4. Reproductive cancers in females.

Lesson 1
Reproductive cancers have different causes also known as risk factors,

these causes can increase the chance of developing reproductive cancers.
Some risk factors cannot be changed (due to age or from family history), or
related to your environment (eating habits, exercise, vices).
Similar to its causes, each type of reproductive cancer has different

symptoms. It is important that you, or anybody you know, consult a doctor
immediately if any of these symptoms start to appear. Identifying these
cancers, called screening, in its earliest stage can help prevent the cancer
from getting worse.
There are screening tests for breast cancer and cervical cancer:
·· Mammogram: Breast cancers are screened through an x-ray test.

Women between 50 and 74 years old at average risk for breast cancer are
recommended to get a mammogram every two years. At 40 to 49 years old,
women should start talking to their doctors about getting a mammogram.
Figure 1.5. Mammogram image of normal (healthy) and

abormal (cancer-containing) breasts.

Lesson 1
• Pap smear (or cervical

cytology): A sample of cells
is taken from the cervix
during a pelvic exam to
check for cervical cancer,
pre-cancer, and HPV, which
is the virus associated with
causing most cervical
cancers. Beginning at age
21, a woman should have a
Pap smear every three years.
Beginning at age 30, Pap
smears are done along with
an HPV test every five years. Figure 1.6. Pap smear process.
There are no screening tests for other reproductive cancers. Diagnostic

tests can be used to find cancers in people who have symptoms. The type
of diagnostic test used to find reproductive cancer depends on the type of
cancer. These tests include:
·· Lab tests: Blood tests that sometimes show signs of cancer.

·· Tests that help healthcare providers “see” inside the body, such as:
• X-ray
• Ultrasound
• MRI scan
• CT scan

lesson 1
Sharpening Your Skills
I. Directions: On the first space, write C if the item is a cause of reproductive
cancer and S if it is a symptom.

On the second space, write C if it refers to cervical cancer, O if it refers
to ovarian cancer, U if it refers to uterine cancer, VA if it refers to vaginal
cancer, VU if it refers to vulvar cancer, and B if it refers to breast cancer.
Write all of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. a lump in the breast

2. having HPV; having cervical pre-cancer or cancer
3. changes to skin of the breast or around the nipple
4. bleeding after sex
5. being of Eastern European Jewish descent; never giving
birth
6. bloating
7. changes in color of skin around the opening of the vagina.
8. bleeding or discharge from the vagina that is not normal.
9. itching, bleeding, burning, a rash or sores around the
opening of vagina that do not go away.
10. fluid coming out of nipple, especially if it is bloody.
11. smoking and drinking alcohol
12. having HIV or a weak immune system; persistence of
high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)
13. bleeding after menopause
14. being overweight
15. pressure or pain in the abdomen (belly) or back

Lesson 1
Men can also have reproductive cancers. The most common types are
testicular, penile, and prostate cancer. Table 2 shows the characteristics of
each type.
Table 2. Location, Symptom/s and Cause/s of Reproductive Cancers in Men
TYPE OF CANCER Testicular

Testes
LOCATION ·· two egg-shaped glands that make the sperm in the
scrotum (ball sac) near the base of the penis
·· apain,
feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
SIGN/S AND
SYMPTOM/S
·· achingdiscomfort, lump, or swelling in the testis itself,
in the lower abdomen (belly)
·· smelly discharge (fluid) or bleeding under the foreskin
·· abnormal testicle development
CAUSE/S
·· having a family history of testicular cancer
TYPE OF CANCER Penile
Penis
LOCATION
·· part of the external genitals
SIGN/S AND
SYMPTOM/S ·· redness, discomfort, sore, or lump on the penis
·· having human papillomavirus (HPV)
·· being age 60 or older
being uncircumcised
CAUSE/S ·· having many sexual partners
·· using tobacco products
··
TYPE OF CANCER Prostate
Prostate
LOCATION ·· a gland inside the pelvis (the area in the lower belly
between the hip bones) that surrounds the urethra
(the tube that empties the bladder)
SIGN/S AND
·· weak flow of urine, blood in urine, pain in the back,
hips, or pelvis (lower belly between the hips)
SYMPTOM/S
·· needing to pass urine often

Lesson 1
·· being aged 50 years old or older

·· tends toa start
having family history of prostate cancer
CAUSE/S
·· among AfricanatAmerican
younger ages and grow faster
men
Testicular Cancer Penile Cancer Prostate Cancer
Figure 1.7. Reproductive cancers in males.
Reproductive cancers are often treated with surgery, chemotherapy

(medicine to kill cancer cells), hormone therapy (medicine to block
hormones that are related to cancer growth), radiation, or a combination
used together. An oncologist (cancer doctor) can help you select the right
treatment(s) for any specific reproductive cancer.
Because reproductive cancers and their treatment can possibly affect

a man’s ability to have children, it is advised that they consult healthcare
providers if they hope to have babies in the future.

Lesson 1
II. Directions: On the first space, write C if the item is a cause of reproduc-
tive cancer and S if it is a symptom.

On the second space, write T if it refers to testicular cancer, E
if it refers to penile cancer, and O if it refers to prostate cancer.
Write all of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. aching in the lower abdomen (belly)

2. pain in hips
3. redness of the penis
4. undescended testicle
5. soreness of the penis
6. needing to pass urine often
7. swelling of the testis
8. pain in the back
9. having many sexual partners
10. weak flow of the urine
11. being aged 50 years and older
12. being uncircumcised
13. blood in the urine
14. common in African American men
15. pain in pelvis

lesson 1
TREADING THE road to mastery
Directions: Read the article below about reproductive health.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that is spread during sexual

contact. There are about 40 different strains (types) of HPV that can infect
the genital area. About a dozen of these can cause cancer.
There are two types or strains of HPV:
·· Low-risk strains: Low-risk strains of HPV can cause warts on the

genitals. Warts can be itchy, embarrassing, and unpleasant, but these
strains are considered low risk because they do not cause cancer.
·· High-risk strains: High-risk strains do not cause warts but can,
rarely, cause cancer. This is why they are called high-risk strains.
Most adults will have an HPV infection at some time during their lives.
HPV infections almost always clear up on their own without treatment. A
person with a high-risk strain of HPV that does not clear up on its own over
many years could eventually get cancer.
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the main cause of HPV?
2. What are the signs and symptoms of HPV?
3. How can you prevent HPV?

LESSON 2
Setting the Path
How Can The Community

Help in Taking Care of My
identify health services in the community

(LS2SC-BC-PSD-LE/AE/JHS-51); and
enumerate programs in the community that

take care of reproductive health(LS2SC-BC-
PSD-LE/AE/JHS-52).

Lesson 2
TRYING THIS OUT
1. You are browsing through social media when you see the advertisement
(ad) below:
2. Questions:
a. What do you think is the ad about? What do the spoons and plate
symbolize?
b. What is the ad trying to say (message/meaning)?
c. How do you feel about the message of the ad?

Lesson 2
On 18 December 2012, the Reproductive Health Bill was enacted by
the Philippine Congress to become Republic Act No. 10354 on Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health. Three days later, it became a law after
being signed by the President of the Philippines.
Commonly known as the RH Law, RA 10354 provides the following

(called elements):
1. Family planning information 2. Maternal, infant and child

and services health and nutrition, including
breast feeding
Genital Warts
3. Prevention of abortion and 4. Adolescent and youth

management of post- abortion reproductive health guidance
complications and counseling

Lesson 2
5. Prevention and management 6. Elimination of violence against

of reproductive tract infections women and children and other
(RTIs), HIV/AIDS and sexually forms of sexual and gender-
transmitted infections (STIs) based violence
Tube
7. Education and counselling 8. Treatment of breast and

on sexuality and reproductive reproductive tract cancers and
health other gynecologic conditions
and disorders
9. Male responsibility and

involvement and men’s RH

Lesson 2
Uterus
10. Prevention, treatment and 11. RH education for the adolescents

management of infertility and
sexual dysfunction
12. Mental health aspect of

reproductive health care

lesson 2
I. Directions: Choose three (3) of your most preferred elements of the RH
Law. Draw an eye-catching ad for each element that can educate people
who will see it. Follow the format below on a separate sheet of paper.
Elements of RH Law:

Lesson 2
Aside from its elements, the RH Law also requires cities and
municipalities to provide the following:
1. Midwives and other skilled attendants for childbirth.

2. Emergency obstetric (childbirth) care
3. Hospital-based family planning − family planning services such as
ligation, vasectomy and intrauterine device (IUD) placement should
be available in all government hospitals.
Figure 2.1. Vasectomy (left) and ligation (right).
4. Contraceptives as essential medicines − contraceptives (medicines used

to prevent the sperm from fertilizing) and other reproductive health
products shall be considered essential medicines and supplies. As part
of the National Drug Formulary, the government is now allowed to buy
contraceptives and not just depend on donations.
Figure 2.2. Common contraceptives.

Lesson 2
5. Reproductive health education - teachers are now allowed to educate

students, at an appropriate age, about reproductive health education.
6. Employers’ responsibilities - women shall not be discriminated during
hiring, regularization of employment status or selection for retrenchment
(lay-off from jobs).
7. Capability-building of community-based workers - workers from
the community shall undergo additional and updated training on the
delivery of reproductive health care services and shall receive additional
payments after successfully completing the training.
II. Directions: Using social media, speak with a local health center
representative or official and ask if they can readily provide midwives,
emergency childbirth care, family planning services, contraceptives, RH
education, and training on reproductive healthcare services. Write your
answer to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Is your health center providing all services mentioned in our lesson?

If not, why?
2. What is the reproductive health service in your health center that
people look for the most? Why?
3. Are there missing reproductive health services in your health center?
Why?

lesson 2
Directions: Using social media, ask your local health center about the two (2)
most common problems regarding reproductive health in your community.
Write your answers to the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What programs have they made to address these problems? Discuss

each of them.
2. How can you help in addressing this problem?
3. How can you avoid being a part of this problem?

LESSON 3
Setting the Path
What are the Common

Misconceptions about
identify the misconceptions about reproductive

health (LS1CS/EN-S-PSB-LE/JHS-13); and
explain the correct ideas on the misconceptions

about reproductive health (LS1CS/EN-S-PSB-LE/
JHS-13).

Lesson 3
tryING this OUT
1. Analyze the poster.
RESTAURANT ADVERTISING
PREP TIME PREP TIME
3 4
APPROX APPROX
MINS
TO ASSEMBLE
HOURS
WITH HELP
BY OUR FROM:
DEDICATED LIGHTING
CREW FOOD STYLIST
PHOTOGRAPHER
EDITING
PHOTOSHOP
2. Questions:
a. How is a fact different from a myth?
b. Why do people often believe in myths?
c. How important is discovering the truth and sharing it with other

people?

Lesson 3
In any advertisement, business owners tend to distort reality in order
to make a product pleasing to the buyers. Unlike the poster, it exposes the
Expectations vs. Reality dilemma among its consumers. The poster showed
the difference between the product being advertised to the one being sold,
thereby clarifying a misconception in commercials.
Similar to advertisements, people have misconceptions about

reproductive health. This is commonly due to the many negative perceptions
of the public. Here are several misconceptions about reproductive health:
A. On Menstrual Cycle
MISCONCEPTION FACT
1. Menstrual
Light spotting is normal in the early part of
bleeding means
a pregnancy. This is known as implantation
you are not
bleeding.
pregnant.
Severe menstrual cramping is not normal. It

2. Severe menstrual may be a symptom of Endometriosis. When
cramps is normal. several menstrual cramps happen too often,
visiting a doctor is highly recommended.
G
IN
TT
SPO
Figure 3.1. Spotting Figure 3.2. Severe menstrual cramping

Lesson 3
B. On sexually-transmitted infections (STI)
MISCONCEPTION FACT
1. Persons with Symptoms of STI cannot be easily observed

STI will exhibit (called asymptomatic). Chlamydia is normally
symptoms of asymptomatic and is one of the leading causes
infection. of infertility.
People can still have STI during oral sex.

2. Oral sex does not
Examples of these are herpes, syphilis,
give you STI.
gonorrhea, genital warts and hepatitis A.
3. You can only have Anybody can have more than one STI at a
one STI at a time. time. Each of these have their own treatment.
Figure 3.3. Chlamydia
Figure 3.4. Herpes, Syphilis, Genital Warts

lesson 3
I. Directions: Using social media, ask around in your family or community
about their common perceptions (not mentioned above) on menstrual
cycles and sexually transmitted infections. Identify at least two (2) for
each. Are they myths or facts? Explain. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

Lesson 3
C. On Pregnancy
MISCONCEPTION FACT
Semen contains sperm which can make a
woman pregnant. Pre-ejaculate fluid does not
1. Pre-ejaculate fluid
contain sperm. However, if there is remaining
cannot make a
sperm in the urethra after a previous
woman pregnant.
ejaculation, pre-ejaculate fluid can pick it up
and cause pregnancy.
2. A female cannot
get pregnant if A female can start ovulating even before she
she did not have experiences menstrual bleeding. During an
her first period unprotected sex, she can still get pregnant.
yet.
OVULATION
Figure 3.5. Ovulation

Lesson 3
D. On Contraceptives and Sex Education
MISCONCEPTION FACT
When used consistently and correctly,
condoms can prevent HIV and STI. In a
study, only 2 pregnancies were reported
1. Condoms are not effective.
in an estimated 8,300 acts of sexual
intercourse. The male latex condom is
considered the most effective item.
2. Contraceptives cause
Contraceptives do not cause abortion
abortion; life begins
since it prevents fertilization during
at fertilization, so
sexual intercourse. It has reduced
contraceptives kill
abortion rates by 85% in the past years.
children.
No scientific study has proven the
3. Contraceptives are
link of contraceptives to cancer.
dangerous to health and
Contraceptives have been proven safe
can cause cancer.
worldwide.
4. Mandatory sex education
and contraceptives
Sex education promotes safe sexual
will destroy the family,
intercourse. It aims to prevent STI and
compromise morality,
even lessen promiscuity.
increase promiscuity and
promote HIV infection.
Figure 3.6. Condoms

Lesson 3
II. Directions: Using social media, ask around in your family or community
about their common perceptions (not mentioned above) on pregnancy
and the use of contraceptives. Identify at least two (2) for each. Are they
myths or facts? Explain. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

lesson 3
Directions: Below are five myths on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Explain the facts to
prove that each statement is a myth. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
TOP 5 MYTHS OF HIV / AIDS
MYTH #1
It is not possible to live a ‘ normal

life’ with HIV / AIDS.
MYTH #2
HIV can be transmitted through

sharing of items like cutlery,
cups, dishes, or towels.

Lesson 3
MYTH #3
You can have sex with someone

who is HIV positive without risk
of getting an HIV.
MYTH #4
Individuals who use drugs can

only get HIV if they share needles
or syringes.
MYTH #5
A woman who is infected with

HIV / AIDS has 50 % possibility
to transfer the disease to her
child/children.

Module 6
Don’t Forget
“ • The most common reproductive cancers of women

are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
cervical cancer
ovarian cancer
uterine cancer
vaginal cancer
vulvar cancer

•
The most common reproductive cancers of men are:
1) testicular cancer
2) penile cancer
3) prostate cancer
• The Elements of the RH Law are:

1)
family planning information and services
2)
maternal, infant and child health and nutrition,
including breast feeding
3)
prevention of abortion and management of post-
abortion complications
4)
adolescent and youth reproductive health guidance
and counseling
5)
prevention and management of Reproductive
6)
“
Tract Infections (RTIs), HIV/AIDS and Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STIs),
elimination of violence against women and children
and other forms of sexual and gender-based
violence

Module 6
“ 7)
8)
9)
education and counselling on sexuality and
reproductive health
treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers
and other gynecologic conditions and disorders
Male responsibility and involvement and men’s RH
10) prevention, treatment and management of infertility
and sexual dysfunction
11) RH education for the adolescents and
12) mental health aspect of reproductive health care
• There are several misconceptions about reproductive

“
health. Knowing the facts will help in the prevention
and cure of its disorders.

Module 6
Explore more
For additional activities related to the topics of this module, these resources
may be helpful:
Myths About Sex: Debunked

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCKf1_yYOCY
Reproductive Cancers – Family Planning

https://www.familyplanning.org.nz/advice/reproductive-cancers
Reproductive Cancers (Types, Causes, Screening and Treatment)

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/cancer
Reproductive Systems: An Interactive Game

··Female: https://naturalsciences.didactalia.net/resource/female-repro-
ductive-system-side-view-easy/21e9d611-2494-45d7-a760-4d74ef8bdf32
·· Male: https://naturalsciences.didactalia.net/resource/male-reproductive-
system-front-view-easy/eb9fe2b8-b774-4dfe-9607-af658768576e
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012: Republic

Act 10354
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10354_2012.html
Sexual Health Information for Teens

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens
The Science of HIV/AIDS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDVNdn0CvKI

Module 6
Reach The Top
You are almost done! Answer the following questions below on a separate
sheet of paper.
I. Write T if the underlined word/words make the statement true. If not,

write F.
1. A cause of breast cancer is fluid coming out of a nipple,

especially if it is blood
2. Cervical cancer can be found at the lower end of the uterus
that extends to the vagina.
3. Bleeding or discharge from the pelvic area that is not normal
is a symptom of ovarian cancer.
4. Vaginal cancer can be caused by smoking.
5. Uterine cancer can be found in women with ages 50 years or
younger.
6. An undescended testis is a possible cause of testicular cancer.
7. An uncircumcised man may develop penile cancer.
8. If there is a strong flow of urine and back pains in man, he
may have prostate cancer.
9. Chemotherapy is a medicine to block hormones that are
related to cancer growth.
10. A cancer doctor is also known as a gynecologist.
II. Write T if the underlined word/words make the elements of RH Law.

If not, write F.
1. Family planning information and services

2. Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition, including
breast feeding
3. Promotion of abortion and management of post-abortion
complications.

Module 6
4. Adolescent and youth reproductive health guidance and

counseling.
5. Elimination of violence against women and men and other
forms of sexual and gender-based violence.
6. Education and counselling on maturity and reproductive
health.
7. Children responsibility and involvement
8. Prevention, treatment, and management of infertility and
sexual dysfunction.
9. RH Education for the adolescents
10. Spiritual health aspect of reproductive health care.
III. Write M if the statement refers to a misconception of reproductive

health and F if it is a fact.
1. Menstrual bleeding means you are not pregnant.

2. Severe menstrual cramping is not normal.
3. Symptoms of STI cannot be easily observed.
4. You can only have one STI at a time.
5. Pre-ejaculate fluid cannot make a woman pregnant.
6. During an unprotected sex, a woman can still get pregnant.
7. Condoms are not effective.
8. Contraceptives cause abortion.
9. Contraceptives have been proven safe worldwide.
10. Sex education aims to prevent STI and even lessen promiscuity.

answer key
PRE-ASSESSMENT PAGE 2
1. A 11. C
2. B 12. D
3. C 13. A
4. D 14. B
5. A 15. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. B
LESSON I: HOW DO I TAKE CARE OF MY REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM?
SHARPENING YOUR SKILLS PAGE 14
ACTIVITY I
1. S, B
2. C, C
3. S, B
4. S, U
5. C, O
6. S, O
7. S, VU
8. S, C or S,O, or S,VA or S, U
9. S, VU
10. S, B
11. C, B
12. C, VA or VU
13. S, U
14. C, U
15. S, O

answer key
ACTIVITY II
1. S, T 11. C, O
2. S, O 12. C, E
3. S, E 13. S, O
4. C, T 14. C, O
5. S, E 15. S, O
6. S, O
7. S, T
8. S, O
9. C, E
10. S, O
TREADING THE ROAD TO MASTERY PAGE 18

1. The main cause of HPV is during sexual contact.
2. Low-risk strains of HPV can cause warts on the genitals. High-risk
strains do not cause warts but can, rarely, cause cancer.
3. Early treatment of HPV is important upon detection. If not, diagnosis
after having multiple sexual partners is important to observe
precautionary measures for immediate treatment.

answer key
LESSON II: HOW CAN THE COMMUNITY HELP IN TAKING
CARE OF MY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?
ACTIVITY I
Needs
Criterion Exemplary (4) Proficient (3) Poor (1)
Improvement (2)
Details on the
Details on the Details on the
poster include
poster capture poster relate to Details on
important
the important the topic but are the poster
information but
Coverage of information too general or have little or
the audience
the Topic about the topic incomplete. The nothing to
may need more
and increase audience needs do with the
information
the audience’s more information main topic.
to understand
understanding. to understand.
fully.
All graphics are All graphics are
Use of related to the related to the Graphics do
All graphics relate
Graphics topic and make topic and most not relate to
to the topic.
it easier to make it easier the topic.
understand. to understand.
No Almost no Many
grammatical, grammatical, A few grammatical, grammatical,
Mechanics spelling or spelling or spelling, or spelling, or
punctuation punctuation punctuation errors. punctuation
errors. errors errors.

answer key
ACTIVITY II
Rubric for Discussion of Results (on next page)
CRITERION Exemplary (2) Proficient (1)

Some evidence is provided,
Argument is clearly supported
but information is not fully
Support/ by accurate evidence considered
explained; important pieces
Evidence credible by the audience; there
of evidence have not been
(x3) is sufficient detail to support the
included; some data are relevant
main points of the argument
or credible but inaccurate
Sentences flow smoothly, are
Clarity/ The majority of ideas expressed
structurally correct, and convey
Conciseness are awkward, incorrectly
the intended meaning; no
(x2) constructed, or wordy
wordiness
Content, structure, and Argument is missing a
Strategy/
language of argument is geared substantial portion of content
Audience
to intended audience required by audience

Rubric for Discussion of Results

wordiness
Strategy/
Audience

answer key
LESSON III: WHAT ARE THE COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS
ABOUT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?
ACTIVITY I AND ACTIVITY II

wordiness
Strategy/
Audience

answer key

wordiness
Strategy/
Audience

answer key
REACH THE TOP PAGE 41
ACTIVITY I
1. F 6. T
2. T 7. T
3. F 8. F
4. T 9. F
5. F 10. F
ACTIVITY II
1. T 6. F
2. T 7. F
3. F 8. T
4. T 9. T
5. F 10. F
ACTIVITY III
1. M 6. F
2. F 7. M
3. F 8. M
4. M 9. F
5. M 10. F

glossary
Ailment an illness, typically a minor one
a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of

Cancer
abnormal cells in a part of the body
Contraceptive a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy
the action or process of fertilizing an egg

Fertilization involving the fusion of male and female gametes
to form a zygote
the process of infecting or the state of being

Infection
infected
the surgical procedure of closing off a blood

Ligation vessel or other duct or tube in the body by
means of a ligature or clip
the process in a woman of discharging blood

Menstruation
and other materials from the lining of the uterus
Pregnancy the condition or period of being pregnant
the action of stopping something from

Prevention
happening or arising
a physical or mental feature which is regarded

Symptom
as indicating a condition of disease

References
Advocates for Youth. n.d. Myths and Facts About Comprehensive
Sex Education. Accessed August 24, 2019. https://www.
advocatesforyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/storage//advfy/
documents/cse-myths- and-facts.pdf?source=post_page.
Cabral, Esperanza. "Reproductive health law in the Philippines."

Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies
28, no. 1 (2013): 26-26.
Department of Health. n.d. RA 10354. Accessed August 24, 2019.

https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/policies_and_
laws/ra_10354.pdf.
Department of Health. n.d. The Responsible Parenthood and

Reproductive Health Act”, n.d. Accessed August 24, 2019.
https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/policies_and_
laws/RA10354_RPRHLawIRR1.pdf.
Mulat Pinoy Kabataan News Network. n.d. Get Real: The Facts
Vs. Myths on Population, Family Planning, and ...”, n.d.
Accessed August 24, 2019. http://bixby.berkeley.edu/
wp-content/uploads/2011/04/The-Facts-vs.-Myths-on-
Population-Family-Planning-and-Reproductive-Health.pdf.
National Family Planning Board. n.d. Misconceptions And Sexual

And Reproductive Health. n.d. Accessed August 24, 2019.
http://www.jnfpb.org/assets/Misconceptions_And_Sexual_
And_Reproductive_Health-November-22-2011.pdf.
n.a. n.d. The Pap Smear. Accessed August 24, 2019. https://sexinfo.
soc.ucsb.edu/article/pap-smear

References
Philippine Legislator’s Committee on Population and Development
Foundation. 2013. A Primer on the Reproductive Health
Law. Accessed August 24, 2019. http://www.plcpd.org.
ph/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/A-primer-on-the-
Reproductive-Health-Law.pdf.
The American Society of Breast Surgeons Foundation. n.d.

Beneath the Surface”, n.d. Accessed August 24, 2019. https://
breast360.org/topics/2017/01/01/beneath-surface-guide-
breast-imaging/
US Department of Health & Human Services. n.d. Female

Reproductive Cancers | HHS.Gov”, n.d. Accessed August
24, 2019. https://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/
fact-sheets/cancers/female-reproductive-cancers/index.
html.
US Department of Health & Human Services. n.d. Male

Reproductive Cancers | HHS.Gov”, n.d. Accessed August
24, 2019. https://www.hhs.gov/opa/reproductive-health/
fact-sheets/cancers/male-reproductive-cancers/index.html.
Wynn, L. L., Angel M. Foster, and James Trussell. "Misconceptions

and Ignorance About Sexual and Reproductive Health." The
female patient 34, no. 11 (2009): 29.

The development and printing of this learning resource was made possible
with the cooperation of Asia Pacific College. This is a component of the project
“Better Life for Out-of-School Girls to Fight Against Poverty and Injustice in the
Philippines” implemented by UNESCO Office, Jakarta in partnership with the
Department of Education. This initiative received a generous financial support
from Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA).
For inquiries, please contact:
Department of Education, Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd BLR)
Office Address : Ground Floor, Bonifacio Building, DepEd Complex,

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax : +63-2-8631-1072; +63-2-8634-1054; +63-2-8631-4985
Email Address : blr.qad@deped.gov.ph; blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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SECONDARY

ALS Accreditation and Equivalency Program: Junior High School

SCIENTIFIC AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Copyright © UNESCO and DepEd 2020

Printed by APC Printers Corporation

Jenelyn Marasigan Baylon Master Teacher I, ALS Task Force (On-detail)

Joshua Olindan Author

Content and Language Evaluators and Instructional Design Reviewer

Ade Sandra Admin and Finance Assistant

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

Setting the Path 6

Setting the Path 19

Setting the Path 28

J osh is scrolling through social media when he encounters viral posts

Why is Prevention Better than Cure? 1

a. reproductive system c. digestive system

2. Which of the following is a symptom of breast cancer?

a. pressure or pain in the pelvic area

3. Which of the following best describes a mammogram?

a. a blood test to show signs of cancer

4. Which of the following is NOT a cause of penile cancer?

a. weak flow of urine

2 Why is Prevention Better than Cure?

5. Which of the following is NOT a form of cancer treatment?

a. skin biopsy c. hormone therapy

6. Which of the following refer to Republic Act 10354?

7. Which of the following is NOT an element of RA 10354?

a. family planning information and services

8. Which of the following is NOT prevented or managed by RA 10354?

a. reproductive tract infections

9. Which of the following is classified under hospital-based family planning

a. intrauterine device (IUD)

Why is Prevention Better than Cure? 3

10. Which of the following is NOT an employer’s responsibility towards

11. Which of the following is NOT true about sexually-transmitted infections

a. persons with STI will exhibit symptoms of infections

12. Which of the following is false about the menstrual cycle?

a. light spotting is normal in the early part of pregnancy and should

13. Which of the following is true about pregnancy?

a. semen contains sperm which can make a woman pregnant

4 Why is Prevention Better than Cure?

14. Which of the following is true about contraceptives?

a. contraceptives are not effective

15. Which of the following is false about sex education?

Why is Prevention Better than Cure? 5

How Do I Take Care of My

identify common ailments of the

identify common ailments of the

cite ways to prevent ailments of the

6 Why is Prevention Better than Cure?

Figure 1.1. Male reproductive system.

Figure 1.2. Female reproductive system.

Why is Prevention Better than Cure? 7

Figure 1.3. Growth of cancer cells.

Reproductive cancer is a type of cancer found in the organs related

Table 1. Location, Sign/s and Symptom/s and Cause/s of Reproductive