Piano Concerto in A Major K488

W.A. Mozart

First Movement

Listening Assignments

1.6 Page 8 (Bars 19–30)

1. exposition
2. first and second violins
3. X A major I: Y E/Gsharp Vb
4. repeated notes; sequence
5. pedal note
6. dominant chord

1.7 Page 10 (Bars 31–38)

1. A major
2. first violins
3. second violins, violas, cellos and double basses
4. an imperfect cadence
5. bassoons then joined by flute
6. E major
7. unaccompanied
8. repeated notes; chromatic movement; mostly quaver rhythm; sequence (brief
description of any two)

1.8 Page 11 (Bars 47–62)

1. shared between violins and woodwind

2. interrupted cadence
3. tremolo – each note is repeated in semiquavers to the value of a crotchet
4.
###
& ˙ #˙ ˙ #˙

5. chromatic scale
6. perfect cadence in the tonic key
7. ascending chromatic scale; broken chords; melodic repetition

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1.9 Page 13 (Bars 67–82)

1. 1st subject in the tonic
2. broken chords
3. descends in thirds
4. strings
5. piano part is decorated by scales and arpeggios
6. perfect cadence

1.10 Page 14 (Bars 99–114)

1. key E major (dominant key)

2. block chords
3. bar 1 E major; bar 6 B7; bar 7 E major; bar 8 E/B–B major
4. first violins; flute; bassoon (any two)
5. piano decorates the melody in broken octaves
6. perfect cadence
7. Similarities: heard on piano with the same harmonic arrangement; piano
decorates in the same way.
Differences: different key (A major); theme continued in three woodwind
instruments; first violins join in the accompaniment with other strings; horn
joins in the accompaniment

1.11 Page 15 (Bars 170–178)

1. Tune IE – can be described as the ‘development theme’ immediately before the

development section.
2. see score
3. Tune is treated in canon at the fourth on the woodwind instruments. Begins with
clarinet imitated by flute.
4. Piano plays a secondary role – decorates with broken scales in semiquaver
rhythm.
5. bar 170 D minor; bar 171 G major; bar 172 C major; bar 173 F major;
bar 175 E major; bar 176 A minor; bar 177 F major; bar 178 E major

1.12 Page 17 (Bars 261–267)

1. recapitulation
2. key A major
3. a trill
4. bar 1 A major; bar 2 Bmin./D; bar 3 E major; bar 6 Bminor–E major;
bar 7 A major
5. perfect cadence
6. This theme is developed on the woodwind instruments in four-part counterpoint
while the piano decorates with continuous semiquaver movement in R.H. based
on scale passages and broken chords. L.H. adds an alberti bass in the final bars.

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1.13 Page 18 (Bars 290–297)

1. recapitulation
2. flute and bassoon
3. see score (bar 294)
4. rhythm no. three
5. IC = Chord A/E
6. The soloist plays the cadenza written out by Mozart. The orchestra remains
silent. There are display passages for the soloist. At the end the chord of IC is
resolved on to the dominent chord (E7) followed by the re-entry of the orchestra
on the chord of I (A major)

Second Movement

Listening Assignments

1.18 Page 23 (Bars 12–20)

1. Fsharp minor
2. section one
3. in imitation
4. first violins play melody with the flute an octave lower, second violins play
broken chords
5. perfect cadence
6. transposing instrument – notes sound a minor third lower than written
7. second rhythm
8. unaccompanied piano continues with a two-bar descending chromatic idea based
on the preceeding theme; on the third repeat the tonality changes from Fsharp
minor to A major and the strings accompany.

1.19 Page 24 (Bars 20–35)

1. section one
2. see score (bar 24)
3. Y Fsharp minor i; Z Csharp/Esharp Vb
4. bar 6
5. a dominant pedal note (key A major)
6. chromatic movement bars 2 & 4; melodic repetition bars 1 & 2, bars 3 & 4;
repeated notes bars 4 & 6; jump of two octaves bar 11

1.20 Page 25 (Bars 35–38)

1. A major
2. flute and clarinet in harmony
3. a semiquaver triplet figure
4. broken chords
5. piano repeats the melody with decorations in the R.H. accompanied by broken
chords in L.H. with a semiquaver triplet rhythm; flute and clarinet join with
piano in first two bars of the melody; pedal note on horn

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1.21 Page 26 (Bars 53–68)

1. Fsharp minor
2. X imperfect cadence; Y interrupted cadence; Z perfect cadence
3. G major
4. not part of the key of Fsharp minor
5. (i) woodwind (ii) sustained chord
6. theme is extended by four bars; at bar 64 there is an interrupted instead of a
perfect cadence; at the end of the extended four bars there is a perfect cadence

1.22 Page 27 (Bars 84–92)

1. coda
2. (i) pizzicato (ii) broken chords
3. see score (bars 89–92)
4. bar 4
5. descending theme–2B

Third Movement

Listening Assignments

1.28 Page 33 (Bars 1–8)

1. A major
2. two
3. big leaps; scale passage (step movement); chordal movement; melodic
repetition
4. see score (bars 7–8)
5. melody – first violins; accompaniment – woodwind and remainder of strings
6. opening seven bars on the piano are the same, bar eight is based on a broken
chord; orchestra takes up theme with the same arrangement but modulates
towards Fsharp minor; theme is extended and ends with an imperfect cadence
in Fsharp minor

1.29 Page 34 (Bars 176–187)

1. strings play pizzicato crotchet chords on first beat of each bar
2. long pedal note
3. cellos and double basses
4. in octaves
5. the soloist plays a countermelody in R.H. accompanied by broken chords (alberti
bass)
6. E major

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1.30 Page 35 (Bars 129–150)

1. key E major
2. third rhythm
3. woodwind – clarinet and bassoon
4. descending scales in dotted rhythm
5. bar 16
6. trill
7. bar 1 B/Dsharp Vb; bar 2 Csharp minor; bar 4 A major; bar 21 B7; bar 22 E major

1.31 Page 36 (Bars 106–113)

1. E minor
2. flute and bassoon
3. two octaves apart
4. strings
5. crotchet and minim rest
6. E minor; B; C; Fsharp minor 7/A; E/B; B; E minor
7. Similarities: theme in woodwind–flute and bassoon; string accompaniment the
same
Differences: clarinet also plays theme; major key A; pedal note on the horn

1.32 Page 37 (Bars 62–105)

1. theme B
2. A; Gsharp dim./B; A/Csharp
3. grace notes
4. (i) bars 1–4 (ii) note A bars 2–3 (iii) Esharp bar 2 (iv) bar 4 (v) bar 8
5. the clarinet playing in thirds accompanied by the horn
6. piano responds to woodwind with ascending scale passages accompanied by an
alberti bass; modulates to the key of E major; in the final bars there is
chromatic movement followed by broken chords

Higher Level
Sample Question 1 (Bars 449–496)

1.34 Page 38 (Bars 449–464)

1. (i) movement 3 (ii) Coda
2. repeated notes
3. in thirds
4. clarinet and bassoon

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1.35 Page 38 (Bars 464–480)

1. strings
2. flute and clarinet
3. perfect cadence

1.36 Page 39 (Bars 481–496)

1. key D major – G natural not part of the key of A major

2. pedal note
3. see score (bar 486)
4. flute, clarinet and bassoon
5. use of sonata form; overall harmonic texture of the work; the type of orchestra
used – main sections woodwind and strings; horn only brass instrument; range
of horn part limited – constant use of pedal notes – this is typical of the
Classical Period; double exposition in the first movement

Ordinary Level
Sample Question 1 (Bars 449–496)

1.34 Page 40 (Bars 449–464)

1. (i) movement three (ii) Coda
2. violins
3. crotchet rests
4. strings

1.35 Page 40 (Bars 464–480)

1. strings only
2. sequence
3. perfect cadence

1.36 Page 41 (Bars 481–496)

1. D major – G natural not part of key of A major
2. pedal note
3. see score (bar 486)
4. a countermelody
5. Classical

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 Symphonie Fantastique
TEACHER’S MANUAL

H. Berlioz

Second Movement – Un Bal

Listening Assignments

1.41 Page 49 (Bars 175–191)

3
1. (i) major (ii) 8
2. violins, violas, cellos
3. second rhythm
4. arpeggios on harp; repeated pizzicato notes on lower strings
5. use of idée fixe to represent the artist’s love; theme changes in character as the
programme emerges; use of the traditional waltz rhythm to represent the dance
scene; theme brilliantly played on first violins with the remainder of the strings
providing the waltz accomp.; second part of theme three consists of a repeated
turning figure which is treated in canon, resulting in contrary motion movement
– this provides the effect of twirling round the dance floor in a festival
atmosphere

1.42 Page 50 (Bars 1–36)

1. introduction
2. (i) tremolo (ii) rising harp arpeggios
3. cellos play in demi-semi-quaver rhythm and double basses play in quaver
rhythm
4. begins pp and gradually gets louder; the crescendo increases gradually moving
from one chord to another until the fortissimo A major chord and scale finishes
with a perfect cadence in A major to conclude the intro.
5. descending major scales
6. perfect
7. the form is ABA preceded by an introduction and ending with a coda; the idée
fixe theme is heard in the B section and in the coda

1.43 Page 51 (Bars 56–66)

1. key A major
2. 3
8
3. semiquaver rest
4. see score (bars 61/63)
5. pizzicato broken chords
6. harp; second violins; violas
7. repeat of section A
8. Similarities: theme in first violins; same key
Differences: second violins play with first violins in harmony; different
accompaniment

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1.44 Page 52 (Bars 175–191)

1. section 3
2. A major
3. second violins, violas, cellos
4. a pizzicato pedal note
5. second rhythm
6. a repeated pattern in sequence decorating the main theme
7. the harp
8. Similarities: both refer to the idée fixe theme; both begin with an introduction;
both movements begin softly and gradually get louder
Differences: key; metre; march rhythm; brass instruments prominent; bigger
orchestra

1.45 Page 53 (Bars 256–264)

1. coda
2. 3
8
3. piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinets 1&2
4. in unison – flute oboe clarinet 1 (any two)
in octaves – clarinet 1 & 2
5. arpeggios
6. repeated notes in semiquaver rhythm
7. see score (bar 276)
8. p to ff
9. large orchestra; use of programme; idée fixe;

1.46 Page 54 (Bars 233–256)

1. piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet
2. (i) (ii) see score (bars 234–239)
3. the melody with accompanying chords
4. second rhythm
5. allegro
6. perfect cadence

1.47 Page 55 (Bars 37–54)

1. A major
2. first violins
3. second violins, violas, cellos and double basses
4. A B A’ B
5. see score
6. bar 39 A; bar 42 D; bar 43 B minor; bar 44 E/Gsharp;
bar 45 E; bar 46 A; bar 47 Fsharp minor; bar 51 B minor
bar 52 E/Gsharp; bar 53 E7; bar 54 A
7. perfect cadence

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1.48 Page 56 (Bars 93–120)

1. flute; oboe; clarinet 1 & 2 (any two)

2. second beat
3. syncopated chords
4. sequence
5. first rhythm pattern
6. homophonic – a melody accompanied by chords

1.49 Page 58 (Bars 120–160)

1. B section or episode
2. (i) flute oboe
(ii) in unison
(iii) tremolo violins and violas, staccato arpeggios in cellos and double basses
(iv) with expression
3. flute and clarinet
4. (i) theme one (ii) imitation between violin 1 and violas
5. a recurring theme which is heard in each movement; theme represents the
composer’s love for H. Smithson; the theme or the idée fixe changes in
character as the programme emerges
6. in the coda
7. in the coda the idée fixe theme is heard on the clarinet accompanied only by
pedal notes on flute and horn

1.50 Page 59 (Bars 193–214)

1. theme two
2. strings only
3. two harps playing broken chords in harmony in the treble with block chords in
the bass
4. an ascending scale on woodwind
5. repeated notes; falling sequence
6. rhythm number three
7. homophonic – a melody with accompaniment

Fourth Movement – March to the Scaffold

Listening Assignments

1.53 Page 62 (Bars 41–61)

1. descending theme
2. in octaves
3. counter-subject
4. timpani
5. theme on cellos and double basses played pizzicato; theme heard at a lower pitch
6. polyphonic

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1.54 Page 63 (Bars 1–16)

1. minor
2. 2
3. tonic chord in triplets
4. rhythm number three
5. the repeated notes on timpani and the repeated chord played by the double
basses; the syncopated motif heard on the horn;
6. Un Bal opens with tremolo strings and rising harp arpeggios; March to the
Scaffold begins with a syncopated motif on horns accompanied by tonic chord
triplets on timpani and repeated four-part block chords on double basses; in Un
Bal there is a crescendo which increases little by little, moving from chord to
chord until it reaches a fortissimo ending with a perfect cadence; in the March
the intro. is shorter and, after a crescendo in the final bars on the timpani, the
music flows directly into the first main theme; emphasis on strings in Un Bal
and timpani and horn in the March; the metre is 3 in Un Bal and 2 in the March;
keys are different – Un Bal begins with a minor tonality and reaches A major at
the end of the Intro. the March is in G minor

1.55 Page 64 (Bars 41–60)

1. descending scale-like movement; wide range of two octaves; rhythmic and

melodic sequence (Bars 2–3, 4–5) key Eflat major
2. a countermelody
3. repeated Bflat in triplet rhythm
4. cellos and double basses
5. played pizzicato; lower pitch; other strings play the theme in inversion; different
counter melody on bassoons
6. continuous quavers
7. same theme inverted

1.56 Page 65 (Bars 123–135)

1. movement four
2. (i) horns in Bflat and Eflat; trumpet in Bflat; cornet in Bflat
(ii) instruments that produce a different note to that written in the score
3. (i) descending theme
(ii) flute; oboe; clarinet; bassoon trombone; tuba; cornet
4. (i) bassoon (ii) horn in Bflat (iii) cornet
(iv) trombone (v) tuba (vi) kettledrum
5. tremolo – a rapid oscillating movement of the bow on a stringed instrument
6. off beat minims
7. the same theme
8. the extract begins ff (very loud) and there is a sudden diminuendo to pp (very
soft) with another sudden change to ff in the final six bars

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1.57 Page 67 (Bars 17–32)

1. first section
2. (i) cellos and double basses (ii) imperfect
3. (i) bassoon (ii) see score (bars 27–29)
4. theme in different key – Eflat major; played on violins; theme heard at a higher
pitch; heard with a different counter melody; theme heard on cellos and double
basses in pizzicato with an inversion of the theme on violas and violins and a
counter melody on bassoons
5. any two examples with reference to the way Berlioz uses the orchestra

1.58 Page 68 (Bars 60–69)

1. Bflat major
2. brass and woodwind
3. violins one and two, violas, cellos
4. dotted rhythm; repeated notes; syncopation (any two)
5. homophonic – short explanation
6. see score (bars 64: 68/69)
7. imperfect
8. Differences: accompanied by strings with a double pedal note (bars 89–104)
Similarities: same key; same instruments play the theme

1.59 Page 69 (Bars 89–104)

1. second section
2. march theme
3. first flute; first clarinet; first horn; cornet (any two)
4. major
5. a pedal note
6. fuller orchestration; the strings accompany the theme on woodwind and brass;
double pedal note
7. 1830
8. the symphony has five movements which express Berlioz’s dreams regarding his
obsession with H. Smithson; the programme that arises out of his disappointed
love represents the crazy dreams of a poet crossed in love who has taken
poison; all the movements are unified by the recurring theme (idée fixe) which
is transformed in each movement; each of the movements has a romantic title

1.60 Page 70 (Bars 135–160)

1. towards the end leading to the coda

2. strings
3. descending theme which is inverted in these bars
4. fourth rhythm
5. in unison on strings
6. antiphonal – short phrases of repeated notes heard on woodwind based on Dflat
major chord with an echo effect on strings based G minor chord
7. major

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1.61 Page 71 (Bars 113–122)

1. theme on brass accompanied by rising motifs on woodwind and strings

2. (i) see score (ii) grace notes (bar 114)
3. different instruments – theme on trombones and tuba here, at bar l7 this
theme is introduced by cellos and double basses;
different orchestration – at bar 17 the theme is heard without accompaniment
but in this excerpt the composer uses the full orchestra; the theme is
accompanied by rising motifs on woodwind and strings
4. descending theme – a flowing theme based on step movement; the theme
moves down the scale of Gminor (melodic); contains rhythmic sequence; even
rhythm with use of rests; is enhanced by counter melodies
march theme – major key Bflat; opens with syncopated figure; dotted rhythm a
feature of this theme; strong vibrant theme beginning with a repeated note;
played mostly by brass and woodwind instruments; use of accented notes
5. Romantic period
6. choice of instruments; large orchestra; much use of brass and percussion
instruments; colourful orchestration; sudden and dramatic changes in dynamics;
use of idée fixe
(any two points developed in reference to the Symphony)

1.62 Page 73 (Bars 159–164)

1. coda
2. quaver and crotchet rests
3. (i) D major
(ii) perfect in G minor
4. idée fixe
5. clarinet

Higher Level
Sample Question 1

1.64 Section A Page 75 (Bars 68–77)

1. strings
2. repeated notes; falling sequence; accented notes
3. homophonic texture – melody with accompaniment

1.65 Section B Page 75 (Bars 78–93)

1. in canon
2. ascending broken chords of E7 – two harps play the chords an octave apart
3. flute, oboe, clarinet (any two)

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1.66 Section C Page 75 (Bars 94–115)

1. a waltz – the metre is three and there is a typical waltz accompaniment shared
by strings, woodwind and harps
2. see score (bars 102/103)
3. second
4. waltz theme is played by first violins in both but the accompaniment is arranged
differently; the first time the theme is arranged for strings only – the lower
strings providing the accompaniment; in this excerpt the theme is accompanied
by woodwind, lower strings and harps

Ordinary Level
Sample Question 1

1.64 Section A Page 77 (Bars 68–77)

1. Un Bal
2. strings
3. homophonic

1.65 Section B Page 77 (Bars 78–93)

1. in canon
2. rising broken chords
3. flute, oboe, clarinet

1.66 Section C Page 77 (Bars 94–115)

1. major
2. dance tempo; 3
8
3. see score (bars 108/109)
4. accidental: bars 95, 100, 103 (any one)
quaver rest: bars 107, 111, 113, 115 (any one)
accented note: bars 98, 110 (any one)

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Raymond Deane

Listening Assignments

1.73 Page 88 (Bars 49–56)

1. in fifths
2. second rhythm

3. 7
8
4. guiro; maracas (any one)
5. Totentanz
6. much of the folk music of Mexico is played by groups of street musicians and
the guitar, although not a trad. instrument, is an important part of the group;
the guitar is suggested at this point in the piece by the strumming of the violin
and cello

1.74 Page 89 (Bars 93–106)

1. violin and marimba

2. imitation
3. Dies Irae
4. guiro
5. polyphonic
6. string instruments are asked to play near the bridge to produce a strange weird
sound

1.75 Page 90 (Bars 21–26)

1. main melody and inversion (after the introduction)

2. G
3. 7
4
4. harmonics
5. cymbal
6. draw hair of bow rapidly on the side to produce harmonic-like effect
7. fast ascending passage
8. marimba
9. the passage is punctuated by the piano, flute and maracas with pizzicato on cello

1.76 Page 91 (Bars 27–34)

1. the six-note phrase reduces to a five-note phrase, then four, then three, then
two and finally finishes with a single G
2. see score (bars 33/34)
3. an inversion of the theme
4. marimba; maracas (any one)

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5. second rhythm
6. long sustained chords
7. left hand pizzicato

1.77 Page 92 (Bars 46–61)

1. Totentanz
2. (i) maracas (ii) see score (bar 47)
3. in fifths
4. guiro
5. sul pont (on the bridge) – play near the bridge to produce a peculiar nasal and
rustling effect
6. the Danse Macabre gains momentum and the piccolo and marimba reinforce the
rhythm; music reaches a climax and the strings have repeated fifths combined
with tritones on the marimba
7. the composer was struck with the preoccupation of the Mexican people with
death and grotesque symbols of death are frequently seen in public places in
Mexico hence the inclusion of a section based on the Danse Macabre rhythm
which forms a central part of the work

1.78 Page 93 (Bars 65–68)

1. G
2. see score (bar 67)
3. (i) an octave higher (ii) accent on each note
4. sul pont–play near the bridge to produce a strange, weird sound
5. (i) the interval of the augmented fourth or diminished fifth, e.g. from the
fourth to the seventh note in the major scale;
(ii) a Mexican percussion instrument of African origin made of wooden bars
similar to the xylophone but larger and with a resonance-box to each note
6. there is a descending chromatic scale on the piccolo with strings in parallel fifths
7. unusual and changing time signatures; tempo change at the beginning of each
section indicated by the metronome marks; overall tonality is atonal – no key
centre; use of three note row–nearest to tonal centre in the piece; unusual
instrumental techniques; use of canon; unusual ending
(brief description of any two)

1.79 Page 94 (Bars 35–45)

1. main melody and inversion
2. descending broken chords
3. (i) 5 (ii) see score (bar 37)
4
4. in inverted form
5. the string is struck with the wood of the bow
6. sul ponticello; glissando; strum like a guitar; play on harmonics (any one)
7. maracas
8. the shrill sounds in the opening bars suggest the intense heat and harsh glare
of the Mexican sun – this is illustrated by the high pitch of the piccolo, piano
and crotales; use of Danse Macabre rhythm to illustrate the Mexican
preoccupation with death; the direction to the strings to strum like a guitar

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1.80 Page 95 (Bars 73–91)

1. D
2. see score (bars 74–76)
3. a lively countermelody on flute played in a very free cadenza-like style, but
constructed from the three-note cell
4. first beat – bar 78
5. rainstick
6. broken chords on piano which become gradually reduced from a nine-note
broken chord to an eight-note chord, to a seven-note, six-note, five-note down
to a four note chord
7. tremolo
8. short account of the three features with reference to the work

1.81 Page 97 (Bars 93–105)

1. marimba, violin
2. canon – a melody first introduced by one instrument is imitated exactly by one
or more instruments at a fixed distance
3. sul pont (see previous questions)
4. 7
8
5. guiro
6. polyphonic – short explanation
7. different sections; different treatment of the same musical material; unusual
and changing time signatures give great freedom to the music and suggest
continual change; varied and sudden dynamic contrasts; many changes of
tempo; exploitation of varied percussion instruments; different instrumental
techniques used in the strings; (description of any three)

1.82 Page 98 (Bars 128–140)

1. piano part begins with a single note which increases to a seven-note figure
2. with much vibration
3. see score (bar 129/130)
4. marimba; gong; cymbal (any two)
5. second rhythm
6. high pitched notes played above the bridge to produce a shrill sound
7. brief note on the percussion instruments

1.83 Page 100 (Bars 153–174)

1.
7
4
2. repeating chords; dance rhythms; accented rhythms; ascending chords; unison
playing (any four)
10 8 7
3. 8 8 8
4. cross rhythms (bars 166/167)
5. repeated note A on piano and marimba; piece ends with rhythm only; no final
cadence – just a dissolution

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6. the contrast between the grey misty Athlantic coast and the bright clear Pacific
coast; the preoccupation of the Mexican people with death and the grotesque;
influence of Mexican folk music; Shakespeare’s ‘Full Fathom Five my Father Lies’
from The Tempest; the American composer Conlon Nancarrow who lived in
Mexico was the inspiration for the canon between marimba and violin

1.83 Page 101 (Bars 153–174)

1. (i) flute (ii) an ascending passage in semiquavers
2. repeated chords
3. marimba; cymbal; bass drum; gong; maracas (any two)
4. marimba and piano
5. maracas

Higher Level
Sample Question 1

1.85 Page 103 (Bars 74–84)

1. in inversion
2. lively countermelody on flute in a free cadenza-like style constructed from the
three-note cell
3. gong; crotales; cymbal

1.86 Page 103 (Bars 85–91)

1. broken chords on piano which reduce from a nine-note chord to a four-note

chord over the three bars
2. tremolo
3. see score (bar 90)

1.87 Page 103 (Bars 92–103)

1. Dies Irae
2. (i) marimba (ii) violin
3. canon
4. description of any two features with reference to work

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Sample Question 1

1.85 Page 105 (Bars 74 84)

1. violin and cello

2. a counter subject
3. crotales; gong; cymbal (any one)

1.86 Page 105 (Bars 85–91)

1. ascending broken chords
2. an accented note
3. see score (bar 90)

1.87 Page 105 (Bars 92–103)

1. Dies Irae
2. violin and marimba
3. two or more parts strictly imitate each other at a fixed distance
4. guiro; cello

Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

The Beatles

Listening Assignments

Page 115 (Bars 1–12)

1. bass guitar
2. solo voice
3. first rhythm
4. there is an interlude in which four French horns are heard; the texture is
contrapuntal; there is much reverberation which gives an ‘out of door’ feel
5. G major
6. syncopated rhythm; melodic repetition; narrow vocal range;
7. popular: rock and roll style vocals and drumming; use of three
guitars–syncopated lead guitar, rhythm guitar chords accentuating the back beat
(beats 2 and 4), with a repeated note on the bass guitar; homophonic texture
of verse;
classical: use of contrapuntal texture in the interlude; four French horns

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 TEACHER’S MANUAL

Page 116 (Bars 17–34)

1. in harmony
2. the speed is halved – the rhythm changes from semiquavers to quavers;

4
3. the driving guitars use the
& 4 œ œ Œ œ œ Œ rhythm and the snare

drum gives the heavy back beat Œ œ Œ œ

4. see score (bars 18/19)
5. (i) in this second interlude the horns play sustained chords increasing to a
quaver rhythm in the final bars
(ii) repeated notes mostly in quavers
6. chord of V
7. chorus: interlude two

Page 117 (Bars 1–17)

1. strong three-guitar and drum-kit rock sound; the lead guitar plays the melody
in a rock style
2. four two-bar phrases; almost monotone vocal line; syncopated rhythm
3. see score (bars 13–17)
4. polyphonic – short explanation
5. the use of reverberation – a recording technique used to create an echo effect
using electronics – this gives a feeling of outdoor music
6. second rhythm
7. 1967
8. all kinds of advanced studio trickery was used throughout the recording session,
e.g. microphone right down in the bells of brass instruments and headphones
turned into microphones attached to violins; vocals treated with vast amounts of
echo; giant primitive oscillators used to vary the speed of taped instrumentals
and vocals; first album to feature two continuous sides of music, without pauses
between songs (banding); album sleeve was the first to feature printed lyrics
and the first to have a gate-fold sleeve; first rock LP to feature a full orchestra
and other unusual instruments

Page 118 (Bars 13–34)

1. in counterpoint
2. reverberation–see previous question
3. the vocal line halves its melodic speed–note values changed from semiquavers
to quavers;
4. snare drum – Œ œ Œ œ
5. a descending arpeggio
6. sustained chords
7. dominant chord V
8. this song is a fusion of pop and classical; ‘When I’m 64’ is a fusion of jazz, pop
and classical; Ser. Pepper uses solo voice and two/three part vocal harmony
while ‘When I’m 64’ is sung mostly by solo voice with vocal counterpoint

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LEAVING CERTIFICATE MUSIC WORKBOOK

Listening Assignments

Page 119 (Bars 5–36)

1. crotchet chords on harp

2. see score (bars 5–9)
3. cello
4. third rhythm
4. descending violin melody
6. in contrary motion
7. dominant chord only
8. ABAB
9. four violins, two violas, two cellos, one double bass and one harp (string nonet
with harp)

Page 120 (Bars 37–55)

1. Paul McCartney with John Lennon

2. chorus one
3. counterpoint, short explanation with reference to song
4. three four-bar phrases and a seven-bar phrase C D
5. Paul’s lead voice is joined by John in this chorus; both voices double-tracked,
creating a chorus effect, Paul singing the higher part and John the lower part;
6. an almost classical style with no guitars or drums; use of word-painting taken
from the classical genre; use of string nonet and harp which are classical
instruments;
7. short note on aspect of Beatles style based on the three songs or other songs in
the album

Page 121 (Bars 107–149)

1. the form is A B
2. in counterpoint
3. with a jaunty quaver string rhythm œ œ œ œ œ œ
4. first violins play at a higher pitch; three part counterpoint in the strings; string
parts more agitated; use of tremolo on violins
5. first section homophonic, second section polyphonic
6. arpeggios in harp accompaniment ending in a plagal cadence
7. plagal cadence
8. two differences between song one and song three – style; instrumentation;
vocal treatment

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 TEACHER’S MANUAL

Page 122 (Bars 56–106)

Verse Two Page 122 (Bars 56–87)

1. ascending melody
2. syncopated Gsharp on high violins – like sobbing
3. ABAB

Chorus Two Page 122 (Bars 88–106)

1. 3
2. tonic chord
3. two part polyphonic
4. use of string nonet and harp; use of counterpoint

When I’m Sixty Four

Listening Assignments

Page 123 (Bars 1–22)

1. two part melody on clarinet – canonic entry
2. bass clarinet
3. chromatic movement; syncopated rhythm; triadic melody – brief description
4. piano, bass guitar, rhythm guitar
5. perfect
6. Paul McCartney
7. vocal line was recorded in C major but the tape was speeded up to raise the
pitch up to Dflat major
8. fusion of jazz, pop and classical (reason)

Page 124 (Bars 24–39)

1. minor key
2. in thirds
3. crotchets and minims
4. contrasting melodies
5. chimes
6. perfect cadence in a major key
7 bridge passage one

Page 125 (Bars 56–88)

1. A minor
2. vocal counterpoint
3. chimes
4. Similarities: same tonality A minor
Differences: vocal line runs completely through; use of counterpoint

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Verse Three

1. an ascending chord
2. a similar melody in harmony
3. piano, two clarinets, one bass clarinet, rhythm guitar, bass guitar, snare drum,
chimes;
4. style of drumming using brush on the snare drum; syncopated rhythm on
clarinet; syncopated vocal line; flattened third in the melody on ‘will you still
need me’; bass clarinet has a ‘ragtime feel’; use of harmonic pattern based on a
ragtime sequence

Page 126 (Bars 40–55)

1. second rhythm
2. repeated chords in crotchets
3. perfect
4. popular and jazz – two reasons – see previous questions
5. any three points: unusual use of instruments; mixture of styles in the songs;
opening sound effects at the beginning of Sergeant Pepper; use of word painting
from the Classical genre; complexity of some of their arrangements; the diverse
subject matter found in their songs – loneliness, love, happiness, playfulness etc.
(develop any three points)

Irish Music
Listening Assignments
2.1 Page 128

(i) reel
(ii) polka
(iii) slip jig
(iv) hornpipe
(v) jig
(vi) slide

2.2 Page 128

(i) fiddle
(ii) concertina
(iii) accordion
(iv) flute
(v) uilleann pipes
(vi) harpsichord
(vii) tin whistle

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2.3 Page 129 ‘Drowsy Maggie’ – Chieftains 4

1. 2
4
2. uilleann pipes
3. reel
4. any two members of the Chieftains and their instruments
5. any modern group, e.g. Kíla, Nomos, Solas
6. one point well developed with a musical example

1. ‘John Joe’s Jig’ – Glenside and Kilfenora Céili Bands

2.4 Page 130 2. ‘Lass of Glenshee’ – Altan
3. ‘Mise Eire’ – Séan O Ríoda
1. a dance tune played by a céili band
2 reasons – instruments, style of playing, treatment of tune
2. an Irish ballad
2 reasons – type of accompaniment, no ornamentation, use of language
3. a traditional tune played by an orchestra
2 reasons – tune is ornamented in the traditional style, harp, use of orchestral
instruments, an arrangement of the tune

2.5 Page 130 ‘Cavan Potholes’ – Sharon Shannon

1. button accordion
2. Sharon Shannon
3. bouzouki, guitar, keyboards, drums
4. fusion of traditional and jazz elements
tune on accordion backed by electric bass, drums,
jazz style riffs, use of the trad. fiddle

2.6 Page 131 ‘An Droimeann Donn Dílis’ – Séamus Ennis

1. Doh mode
2. ABCD
3. a traditional song
4. repeated final note, range of 11 notes, Doh mode

1. sean-nós singer
2. unaccompanied, sung in Irish, ornamentation, nasal type voice,
melody fits the natural rhythms of the language, free rhythm
3. Iarla Ó Lionáird, Lillis Ó Laoire, Séamus Ennis or any sean-nós singer

2.7 Excerpt One Page 132 ‘The Kesh Jig’ – Bothy Band

1. 6
8
2. traditional group
3. jig

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2.8 Excerpt Two Page 132 ‘George Ross’ Hornpipe’ – De Dannan

1. hornpipe

2.

3. accordion/bouzouki
4. three or four well developed points with musical examples

2.9 Page 133 ‘Molly on the Shore’ – Irish reel arr. Percy Grainger

1. reel
2. fusion of traditional and classical, use of orchestral instruments, arrangement of
Irish dance tune, not played in the strict tempo of an Irish dance, music for
listening, not functional
3. any arrangement of an Irish tune which uses traditional and classical elements

‘The Last Rose of Summer’ – Thomas Moore

2.10 Page 133
sung by Suzanne Murphy

1. Anglo Irish
2. classical singer
3. repeated final note, range of an octave, Doh mode
4. chordal accompaniment
5. oboe
6. AABA
7. Thomas Moore: refer to some of his songs

‘Cailín na Gruaige Doinne’ – Liam O’Flynn

2.11 Excerpt One Page 134
/Rod McVey (Sult)

slow air, traditional arrangement, use of ornamentation, uilleann pipes, keyboards,

guitar, chordal accompaniment

Excerpt Two Page 134 ‘Tommy People’s Reel’ – Altan

dance tune – reel, fiddle, bouzouki, guitar, accordion

traditional arrangement

‘Wind in the Woods’ – Composed by Máirtín

Excerpt Three Page 135
O’Connor and arr. by Mícheal Ó Súilleabháin

accordion and chamber orchestra, fusion of traditional and classical style, an

arrangement of a jig

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 TEACHER’S MANUAL

‘Jimmy mo Mhíle Stór’ – The Rankins

2.12 A Excerpt One Page 135
(Chieftains – Tears of Stone)

1. guitar
2. in unison
3. one voice sings the melody, the other two voices decorate with another melody
– descant

‘Jimmy mo Mhíle Stór’ – Frances Black

2.13 B Excerpt Two Page 135
(Éist)
1. electric guitar
2. no ornamentation
3. accompanied by non-traditional instruments
not a sean-nós singer
no ornamentation
regular rhythm

2.14 C Excerpt Three Page 135 ‘Jimmy mo Mhíle Stór’ – Ceol Gan Amhras
1. button accordion, guitar
2. repeated final note, plucked bass, instrumental descent
3. Difference: more voices join in
sung with a descent
accordion part different

Similarity: guitar chordal accompaniment the same

accordion and guitar used in both accompaniments
melody sung by the same voice in both verses

Section D Page 136

Note on song tradition – refer to specific features and titles in the different types of
song in the Irish tradition (three or four well developed points).

2.15 A Excerpt One Page 136 ‘Galtee Rangers’ – Mary Bergin

1. tin whistle
2. bodhrán
3. bouzouki
4. reel

‘Planxty Irwin’ – The Dubliners

2.16 B Excerpt Two Page 136
(Feast of Irish Music)

1. 6
8
2. A A :|| B A :||
3. Largely associated with the harper Turlough O’Carolan, a planxty was a lively
harp tune written in honour of a patron, and bears their name.

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2.17 B Excerpt Three Page 137 ‘Rachel’s Reel’ – Kíla (Lemonade and Buns)

1. Irish dance tune – reel, traditional instruments – uilleann pipes, fiddle, mostly a
traditional sound led by the uilleann pipes
2. fusion of traditional and modern
use of non traditional instruments – mandolin, guitar, bouzouki, bass guitar,
music rhythmically driven
3. Kíla (or any other similar group)

2.18 Page 137 ‘Hey Jude’ – Lennon, McCarty arr. by De Danann

1. binary
2. fiddle
3. accordion
4. bouzouki
5. hornpipe
6. use of Irish dance tunes – hornpipe and reel
use of traditional instruments – fiddle, accordion
original melody ornamented in the style of Irish music
7. description of a group – e.g. Horselips, Clannad, Altan, Planxty

‘The Ballymun Regatta’ (from ‘Timedance’ Suite)

2.19 Excerpt One Page 138
Planxty – (Journey – The Best of Donal Lunny)

slip jig
Instruments: uilleann pipes, fiddle, bouzouki, mandolin, keyboard, guitar, bohdrán
fusion, traditional and modern, percussive elements

2.20 Excerpt Two Page 138 ‘Murphy’s Hornpipe’ – Chieftains

hornpipe
Instruments: uilleann pipes, tin whistle, fiddle, flute, bodhrán
played in the traditional style by the Chieftains

2.21 Excerpt Three Page 138 ‘The Bag of Cats’ – Sharon Shannon

reel
Instruments: fiddles, guitar, bouzouki, drums, percussion
fiddles play the dance tune, beatbox backing, use of percussion instruments

2.22 Page 139 ‘Down the Broom’ – Glenside and Kilfenora Céile Bands

1. reel
2. 4 or 2
4 2
3. AA :|| BB :|| short description of the structure of the dance tune
4. ray mode, repeated note at the end of each section, first section – ‘the tune’
moves mostly within the lower octave while the second section – the ‘turn’
breaks into the higher octave, the AA :||BB:|| form common to Irish dance

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tunes, no dynamics, internal ‘swing’ and momentum makes the music sound
uniquely Irish
5. fiddle, accordion, flute, piano, drums (any three)
6. céili dance music – instruments: vamping piano: a lot of unison playing
7. céili bands: Kilfenora, Tulla, The Táin, Shaskeen

2.23 Excerpt One Page 140 ‘Whirl-y-Reel’ – Afro Celt Sound System

1. uilleann pipes
2. Afro Celt
3. Instruments: uilleann pipes, celtic harp, kora, talking drums, guitars, keyboards,
keyboard loop, bongos
Afro Celt system mixes the music of Africa with Irish music and modern dance
music.
Incorporates Irish instruments with African instruments. Apart from African
rhythms a large part of the Afro Celt sound is the use of uilleann pipes. This
piece features the rhythm of the reel – pipes play the dance tune.
A combinatin of musical instruments and the use of technology produce an
unusual sound.

‘Siúil a Rúin’ arr. Maighréad Ni Dhomhnail and

Excerpt Two Page 140
Iorla Ó Lionaird (Sult)

1. guitar, keyboards
2. sean-nós style singing, use of ornamentation, solo voice joined by a second
voice, singers in unison, sung in English and Irish – macaronic, traditional
arrangement
3. use of guitar and keyboards – non traditional instruments
sean-nós singing is usually unaccompanied and sung by one voice

‘Sí Bheag, Sí Mhór’ – T. O’Carolan arr. by

Excerpt Three Page 140
C. Breathach/M. Súilleabháin (A River of Sound)

1. low whistle, harpischord, cello

2. use of traditional instrument – low whistle
ornamentation in the melody on whistle
cello and harpischord are not traditional instruments, an arrangment of the tune
3. harp
4. brief account of Turlough O’Carolan’s contribution to the Irish tradition (give
some examples from his music)

2.24 A Excerpt One Page 141 ‘5.30’ – Kíla (Mind the Gap)

1. whistle
2. a guitar riff, Irish dance rhythms
3. 1990s

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2.25 B Excerpt Two Page 141 ‘The Return from Fingal’ – Séamus Ennis

1. march
2. uilleann pipes
3. drone, repeated final note
4. Séamus Ennis, Liam O’Flynn, Davy Spillane, Paddy Maloney

2.26 C Excerpt Three Page 141 ‘Woodbrook’ – Micheál Ó Súilleabháin

an arrangement of an Irish dance, the hornpipe, for piano and string orchestra
fusion of classical and traditional style
use of ornamentation
dance tune played with very flexible rhythm – rubato
structure of dance very loose, this allows for expression of musical ideas
a highly individual, distinctive piano style
harmonies in the orchestral arrangment enhance the overall sound

Section D Page 141

a short note on Micheál O’Súilleabháin’s music

Higher Level – Sample Question 5

2.27 A Excerpt One ‘Drops of Brandy’ – Stockton’s Wing
1. slip jig
2. 9
8
3.

4. flute, fiddle, bohdrán (any two)

5. mandolin, guitar (any one)

‘The Parting Glass’ – The Voice Squad

2.28 B Excerpt Two
(Bringing It All Back Home)
1. a ballad
2. modal
3. AA’ BA’
4. repeated final note, modal tonality, unaccompanied
5. 3-part harmony

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2.29 C Excerpt Three ‘April the 3rd’ – ‘Donal Lunny’

1. a dance tune written by Donal Lunny; it uses the rhythms of Irish dance music;
traditional instruments – uilleann pipes, fiddle, bodhrán
2. rhythmic background like ‘pop’ music; repetitive rhythm and melody; electronic
sound; non-traditional instruments include bouzouki, electric guitar, bass guitar,
keyboards, percussion

Ordinary Level – Sample Question 5

2.27 A Excerpt One

1. 9
8
2. any two instruments
3. jig

2.28 B Excerpt Two

1. a ballad
2. AA’ BA’
3. modal tonality, repeated final note, vocal harmony

2.29 C Excerpt Three

1. any two instruments

2. modern rhythmic and percussive elements
non-traditional instruments
electronic instruments
rhythmic background like‘pop’ music
3. use of Irish dance rhythms
traditional instruments

Aural Skills
Les Misérables
Claude Michel Schonberg

2.19 Section A Page 150

1. A minor

2.

3. baritone
4. saxaphone

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5. a counter melody
6. dominant chord

2.19 Section B Page 151

1. melodic repetition

2.

3. nearly the same

4. perfect cadence

Section C Page 151

A B
Differences: syncopated rhythm more regular rhythm
key A minor key A major
no modulation some key changes
accomp. rhythm different in both

Similarities: same metre – 2

same tempo
saxaphone/solo voice/melodic motifs repeated in both

‘Gemini’
Conquest

2.32 A Introduction and Verse 1 Page 152

1. bass guitar, synthesizer

2.

3. pedal note

4.

B Chorus Page 153

1. backing vocals sing descending scales

electric guitar with distortion pedal establishes a syncopated ostinato rhythm
accompaniment becomes more aggressive
drum kit establishes rhythm of the chorus
2. percussion (drum kit)
3. a rhythmic ostinato

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Section C Page 153

1. pedal note, same ostinato rhythm

2. modal
3. faster speed, louder dynamics, rhythm strongly accented, electric guitar with
distortion pedal, thicker texture, percussion included, brighter timbre (any three
features)
4. electric guitar – like an improvisation
5. bass guitar plays a short rising chromatic scale

Morgengruss
F. Schubert

2.33 Section A Page 154

1. major
2. baritone
3. echoes the vocal line
4. a sequence
5. imitation between voice and piano
6. ABC
7. broken chords in both sections in the accompaniment

Des Baches Wiegenlied

F. Schubert

2.34 Section B Page 155

Des BachesWiegenbad
1.
F Schubert

  4 

 4        

2. 5 A major
3. EA


4. Section A Section B
   

accompaniment mostly rhythm of accomp.

independent of vocal moves mostly with
9 melody: vocal line:
different
 
  styles of same style of accomp.
accomp. based on throughout the excerpt
   

sustained block chords

and broken chords:
echoes of vocal line repetition of the opening two bars
heard in the accomp.
13
 
5. rocking feel in the rhythm maintained throughout the excerpt; melodic
    


repetition; quiet mood; dynamics soft throughout; no sudden changes

17 31
 
    
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Carmina Burana
C. Orff

2.35 Section A Page 156

1.
2. pizzicato
3. in thirds
4. all four voices in two-part harmony – female voices in thirds, male voices in
thirds, no syncopation in the rhythm

2.36 Section B Page 157

1. sung in four-part harmony, syncopated rhythm, sung to syllable ‘Ah’

2. timpani, cymbals
3. minor key (section A), major key (section B)

2.37 Section C Page 157

1. in unison (female voices)

2.

3. tenors and basses sing in harmony accompanied by four violins

4. flute
5. pedal notes

Bohemian Rhapsody
Queen

2.38 A Introduction Page 158

1. four part close harmony vocals; a capella – unaccompanied singing; repeated

melody notes; some syncopation in the rhythm
2. backing vocals sing countermotif ‘ooh poor boy’ in harmony (overdubbed
backing vocals)
3. use of flanged crash cymbal

B Verse Page 158

1. arpeggio style accompaniment on piano; glissando on bass guitar at the end of

bar 9
2. b
&b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
3. a descending chromatic scale
Put a gun a - gainst his head

4. bass guitar; drums

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2.39 Section C Page 159

1. chromatic melody, 4 , repeated notes

4
2. different key – A major
different accompaniment – no arpeggios
different mood
rhythm more regular – no syncopation
solo voice alternates with choras
unusual vocal effects – use of falsetto voice – this produces an antiphonal
effect (any three)
3. use of falsetto voice to produce an antiphonal or echo effect on the word
Gallileo; on the word Magnifico, the voices come in one after the other with
each voice holding their individual note to create the effect of a chord

‘The Boxer’
Paul Simon

2.40 Section A Page 160

1. Z
2.

3. singers in harmony
4. repeated notes; mostly step movement; syncopated rhythm; range of an
octave; opening bars based on the tonic chord (any two)
2.41 Section B Page 161
1. rhythm three
2. Similarities; melody is similar; same tonality; same metre and tempo;
Differences; verse two starts on an upbeat; some melody notes different; some
changes in rhythm; extra bars at the end
3. thirds
4. syncopation; use of dotted crotchet/quaver rhythm
5. FGC

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‘From Russia With Love’

L. Bart

2.42 Page 162

1. key signature in correct place on the score

2. an ascending broken chord
3. triplet – explanation
4. modulates to G major
5. B major
6. A B A’
7. song is sung in free rhythmic style (rubato)
8. description of orchestra – any three well developed points

‘I’ve Never Been in Love Before’ (Guys & Dolls)

F. Loesser

2.43 Section A Page 164

1. Bb major
2. tenor voice
3. melodic sequence – explanation

4.

5. alla breve time or explanation of

2 time
2
pause or explanation

2.44 Section B Page 165

1. higher (Bb major to D major)

2. in harmony
3. pause on note, melodic climax
4. perfect cadence

Section C Page 153

1. AA BA’
2. accompaniment – Three well-developed points

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Variations on a Theme by Haydn

J. Brahms

2.45 Page 166

1. Bflat major
2. oboe; bassoon
3. pizzicato
4. bar 5 imperfect cadence; bar 10 perfect cadence
Variations on a Theme by Haydn J Brahms

5.   42        

  
6. melodic sequence – repetition of a melodic figure at a higher or lower pitch
7. tonic pedal note
8. 5 A A B A Coda
     
2.46 Page 166
Differences: more instruments; fuller orchestra; theme heard on violins then
woodwind and brass; different time – 2 ; augmentation of theme – note values doubled;
2
 
theme accompanied by rushing scales; dynamics are different
9
   
Similarities: same theme is heard; tonality is the same; harmony is the same

Brigadoon

 
13 Lerner and Loewe
   
2.47 Section A Page 168
1. trill
2. major
3. homophonic – a melody sung in four-part harmony;
 
17

4. V7    
5. perfect cadence
6. a capella singing – unaccompanied choral singing sung in four-part harmony by
a mixed voice choir – S A T B

 
21
 Paint Your Wagon
  
Lerner and Loewe

2.48 Section B Page 169

1.
4/4

25

2.
melodic   
repetition; dotted rhythm; repeated notes

3. mouth organ;
4. rhythm two

 
29
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5.
Lerner & Loewe

  44           
3

 




I was bo - rn un - der a wan - d'rin' star.

6. Excerpt l Excerpt 2
short instrumental accompanied throughout
intro. otherwise sung
 
5

without accompaniment;   
mixed chorus S A T B in male chorus in unison then
harmony throughout in harmony; solo male voice
with humming chorus in
background

  Symphony in C
9
  G. Bizet  
2.49 Section A Page 170

1. 9/8
2. oboe
 
13

3. bassoon
   
4. strings are played pizzicato; descending broken chords
5. flute; clarinet; horn (any one)

2.50 Section B Page 171

17
1.
 melodyan octave higher 
 Similarities:
this  
2. pizzicato on strings; based on broken chords;
Differences: broken chords arranged differently; full orchestration – woodwind
and horns added Symphony in C Bizet

3. 9          
  8   


 
21

4. bar 1 C; bar 8 G7

2.51 Section B Page 171

5
  
texture is polyphonic – instruments imitate each other; mainly strings with some wind


25

instruments towards the end; starts with cellos and basses followed by imitative
entries on violins, violas, bassoons, flute and clarinet; notes are played mostly
staccato; begins in a major key, modulates to another major key and then into a
minor key; same time signature as previous two excerpts; begins very softly with a
gradual crescendo; features of the melody include a lot of step movement; upward
leap of an octave; sequence; some syncopation in the rhythm
9
   

29

36 13
    
 TEACHER’S MANUAL

‘Evita’
Andrew Lloyd Webber

2.52 Section A Page 172

1. major tonality; repeated notes; syncopation; triplet rhythm (any two)

2. harp-like; based on broken chords; quaver movement;
3. modulation to the dominant key
4. change of instruments to horns; style of accompaniment changes to block
chords; rhythm changes to Œ œ ˙ in each bar (any one)
2.53 Section B Page 173
1. after the first phrase the chorus hum the melody in unison
2. a sequence
3. woodwind
4. tremolo in accompaniment on low strings; recitative like style in vocal part;
monotone vocal line (description of any one)

2.54 Section C Page 173

1. a descending chord
2. each note is lengthened – tenuto = held on
Evita Andrew Lloyd Webber
3.

4. bar four

13

17

37
 Higher Level – Sample Question 6
LEAVING CERTIFICATE MUSIC WORKBOOK

Excerpt from the Gloria of Missa di Gloria

Puccini

2.55 Excerpt One Page 174

1. homophonic
2. pizzicato on strings
3. different tonality – C major to Eb major
higher tonality
louder dynamics/larger orchestra, sung by tenors and basses
slight change in melodic line
4. trumpets in the orchestra
dynamics ff
four part in harmony on the word ‘gloria’

Excerpt from the Gloria of Missa Solemnis

Haydn

2.56 Excerpt Two Page 174

1. soprano
2.
3. soprano, alto, tenor, bass or S A T B

4.
b œ œ œ œ ˙
&b c œ ˙

Section C

Similarities: both major keys

S A T B choir in both
same format – opening section repeated
strings and wind instruments in both
both begin softly and get louder on the repeat
dynamic build up at the end

Differences: tonality
key change in A
metre – A = 2 B = 4
faster tempo in B
solo voice in B
Haydn Mass more classical in style
different format in the use of the voices
climax bigger at the end of A
different style of accompaniment in both

38
 TEACHER’S MANUAL

different style of melody – chordal in A, more step

movement in B
brass instruments/trumpets prominent in A wood
wind and horns in B
wind instruments featured more prominently in B

Ordinary Level – Sample Question 6

2.55 Excerpt One Page 176
1. homophonic
2. pizzicato
3. different voices, different key
4. trumpets

2.56 Excerpt Two Page 174

1. Bb Major
4
2. 4
3. a soprano
4. See Higher Level
5. male and female singers

Section C
See Higher Level

39
 Composition
LEAVING CERTIFICATE MUSIC WORKBOOK

Melody Writing
Continuation of a Given Opening
• Develop musical ideas of given phrase.
• Include a modulation to the dominant at a suitable point.
• No modulation required for minor melody.
• Range of the melody must suit the instrument selected.
• Add suitable phrasing.
• Select a tempo mark when no tempo mark is given.
• Dynamics must be placed correctly and make musical sense.

Composing to a Given Dance Rhythm or Metre or Form

• Use an appropriate form for each dance tune.
• Continue in the style of the opening bars.
• Maintain the rhythm of the dance.
• Include a modulation in a suitable place.
• Add appropriate performing directions.

Harmony
Composing Bass Notes and Chord Indications to a Given Tune
See music pages