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100 Beats Per Minute. Many Different

An ECG is a test that detects heart abnormalities by measuring the heart's electrical activity. It shows the heart rate and can identify issues like abnormal rhythms or enlarged heart. ECG places electrodes on the skin connected to a machine that interprets and prints the heart's electrical patterns. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like coronary artery disease or heart valve disease.

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jovan teopiz
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121 views

100 Beats Per Minute. Many Different

An ECG is a test that detects heart abnormalities by measuring the heart's electrical activity. It shows the heart rate and can identify issues like abnormal rhythms or enlarged heart. ECG places electrodes on the skin connected to a machine that interprets and prints the heart's electrical patterns. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like coronary artery disease or heart valve disease.

Uploaded by

jovan teopiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Why is ECG used?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a
medical test that detects cardiac (heart)
abnormalities by measuring the
electrical activity generated by the
heart as it contracts. The machine that
records the patient's ECG is called an
electrocardiograph.

In a normal ECG, it should show that your


heart is beating at an even rate of 60 to
100 beats per minute. Many different
heart conditions can show up on an ECG,
including a fast, slow, or abnormal heart
rhythm, a heart defect, coronary artery
disease, heart valve disease, or an
enlarged heart.

ELECTRODE PLACEMENT

V1 4th Intercostal space to the right of the sternum

V2 4th Intercostal space to the left of the sternum

V3 Midway between V2 and V4

V4 5th Intercostal space at the midclavicular line

V5 Anterior axillary line at the same level as V4

Midaxillary line at the same level as V4 and V5

V6
ECG MACHINE

LIMB CLAMP LEAD WIRE AND ELECTRODES


LEAD WIRES AND ELECTRODES - Electrodes (small, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at
certain spots on the chest, arms, and legs. The electrodes are connected to an ECG machine by lead wires.
The electrical activity of the heart is then measured, interpreted, and printed out. No electricity is sent into the
body.

IV FLUIDS

Dextrose 5% in 0.9% • Provides calories, water and HYPERTONIC


NaCl (D5NS) electrolytes • Monitor closely for
fluid volume overload and
pulmonary edema.
Dextrose 5% in • Provides calories, water and ISOTONIC
Lactated Ringer’s electrolytes • Contains sodium
(D5LR) lactate which may be used to
treatmetabolic acidosis.
5% dextrose in water • Both isotonic and hypotonic. ISOTONIC
(D5W) Initially dilutes osmolality of
extracellular fluid (hypotonic);
once cell has used dextrose,
remaining saline and electrolytes
act isotonic, expanding the
extracellular compartment. •
Provides free water for the
kidneys, aiding renal excretion of
solutes. • May be used to treat
hypernatremia. • Should not be
used alone to treat fluid volume
deficit because it dilutes plasma
electrolyte concentrations. •
Contraindicated in resuscitation,
early postoperative period, and
patients with known or suspected
increased intracranial pressure
(ICP). • Provides some calories,
but not enough nutrition for
prolonged use
0.9% NaCL (Normal Fluid of choice for resuscitation ISOTONIC
Saline Solution, NSS) efforts.
• Used to replace fluid loss from
hemorrhage, severe vomiting or
diarrhea, heavy drainage from
GI suction, fistulas or wounds.
• Use to treat shock, mild
hyponatremia, metabolic
acidosis,
hypercalcemia.
• Caution in cardiac or renal
disease.
• May cause fluid volume
overload.
• The only solution that should
be administered with blood
products.
• Monitor for hyperchloremia
with large volumes of fluid
replacement with 0.9%NaCl
Lactated Ringer’s • First-line fluid resuscitation for ISOTONIC
Solution (LR, Ringer’s burn and trauma patients.
Lactate) • Used to treat acute blood loss
or hypovolemia due to third-
space
fluid shift; GI loss and fistula
drainage; electrolyte loss; and
metabolic acidosis.
• Contraindicated in patients
who cannot metabolize lactate,
(i.e.
liver disease) or experiencing
lactic acidosis.
• Do not administer if pH > 7.5.
(Normal liver will convert LR to
bicarbonate, worsening
alkalosis).
• Caution in patients with renal
failure (LR contains some
potassium
and hyperkalemia can occur).
Normosol-M and D5NM is indicated for HYPERTONIC
5% Dextrose parenteral maintenance of
Injection (D5NM) routine daily fluid and
electrolyte requirements with
minimal carbohydrate calories
from dextrose. Magnesium in
the formula may help to prevent
iatrogenic magnesium
deficiency in patients receiving
prolonged parenteral therapy.
D5IMB Dextrose is a form of glucose ISOTONIC/
(sugar). Dextrose 5% in water HYPOTONIC
is injected into a vein through
an IV to replace lost fluids and
provide carbohydrates to the
body. Dextrose 5% in water is
used to treat low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia), insulin shock,
or dehydration (fluid loss).

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