CH-6 Digestion and Role of Microbes

Difficult words-

1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Molars
4.Temporary
5. Permanent
6. Enamel
7. Dentine
8. Plaque
9. Saliva
10. Salivary glands
11. Ingestion
12. Egestion
13. Alimentary canal
14. Oesophagus
15. Liver
16. Pancreas
17. Enzymes
18. Pathogens
19. Antibiotics
20. Faeces

Short Q/A
Q1. What are permanent teeth?
A1. New teeth that grow in place of the milk teeth between the age of six and twelve are called permanent
teeth.

Q2. What is the function of pulp?

A2. The pulp is the innermost part of the tooth which contains nerves and blood vessels.

Q3. Define plaque.

A3. A sticky, yellowish layer of bacteria and food particles formed on the teeth that deteriorate tooth
enamel.

Q4. Why does food need to be broken down?

A4. The food need to be broken down into simpler form so that it can be easily taken in and absorbed by the
body. This process is called digestion.

Q5. What happens to the undigested food?

A5. The undigested food is excreted through the anus as faeces. This process is known as egestion.

Q6. List the four types of microbes.

A6. The four types of microbes are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa.

Q7. ‘Digestion of food begins in the mouth.’ Explain the statement.

A7. Digestion starts with mouth. Teeth help to chew and grind the food into simpler particles. Salivary
glands secretes saliva that helps to soften the food and help in further breaking down the food and convert
carbohydrates into simple sugar.
Long Q/A
Q1. Describe the four types of teeth.
A1. The four types of teeth are-
i) Incisors- They are the four teeth at the front of each jaw. They help to cut and bite food. There are 8
incisors in all.
ii) Canines- These are next to the incisors. They are sharp and pointed. They are used for tearing the food.
There are 4 canines in all.
iii) Premolars- These are the teeth next to canines. They are flat and wide. They help to crush food. There
are 8 premolar in all.
iv) Molars- These are the three teeth at the back of the mouth, next to premolars. They are broader. They
help to grind food. These are 12 molars in all.

Q2. Explain briefly the parts of a tooth with a labelled diagram.

A2. Structure of a tooth- A tooth has two parts – the crown and the root
The part above the gum is called crown and the part below the gum is called root. A tooth has three main
layers-
Enamel- It is the outermost layer. It is the hardest substance in our body. It protects the tooth from damage.
Dentine- It lies under enamel. It protects the inner pulp.
Pulp- It is the innermost layer which has nerves and blood vessels and it continues down to the root.

HW- Q3. Write any four healthy eating habits.

A3.

Q4. How can microbes be useful to us? Explain

A4. Useful bacteria help in decay of dead plants and animals. They are used in making food such as cheese,
vinegar and yoghurt. Some bacteria help animals digest food.

Q5. Explain the process of digestion.

A5. Process of Digestion-
i) Digestion of food starts in the mouth. In mouth salivary glands secretes saliva which gets mixed with the
food and makes it soft and easy to swallow. Saliva changes starch into sugar.
ii) The food get pushed down through oesopahgus to the stomach.
iii) Stomach churns the food and digestive juices break down the proteins into simpler form.
iv) From the stomach, food is pushed into small intestine where digestive juices digest the food completely.
Liver and pancreas also play an important role in digestion.
v) The undigested food passes into the large intestine. After absorption of extra water the solid waste is
removed through anus.

Dig. Human Digestive System

29/09/21 / CW CH-7 KEEPING SAFE

Difficult word-
1. Accidents
2. Patient / victim
3. Banister
4. Incident
5. Sting
6. Supervision
7. Insecticides
8. Sterile
9. Panic
10. Antiseptic

Short Q/A
Science Homework – Do it in your notebook
(Find out answers from the book)
Q1. How can we be safe in the kitchen? Write any two points.
Q2. Why is it dangerous to wear synthetic clothes in the kitchen?

Q3. What should be done in case of minor burn?

A3. In case of minor burns we should-
 Immediately wash the area with cold water.
 Keep the burnt area clean and dry.
 Apply an antiseptic cream over the area.

Q4. What are the safety tips to be followed to prevent electric shock?
A4. i) Always use good quality electrical appliances with ISI mark of safety on them.
ii) Never touch any electrical switch , wire with wet hands.

Q5. What is first-aid.

A5. First-aid is the first and immediate help given to an injured or sick person, before the arrival of a doctor.

Long Q/A

Q1. Why do accidents occur? How can we prevent them?

A. Accidents may occur anywhere, anytime and with anyone. It happens due to our carelessness. We can
prevent them by following the safety rules at different places like on the road, at home, in the school and in
the playground.

Q2. How to prepare a first-aid box?

A. A first-aid box should contain-
 a roll of sterilized cotton wool and bandage
 an antiseptic cream and lotion
 band-aid, burnol, a pair of scissors and medicated tape
 some commonly used medicines and oral rehydration solution (ORS) sachets.
 Science HW- Q3. Write two safety rules for each of the following
(i) on road (ii) at home (iii) at school

9/10/21 /CW Ch-9 Solids, Liquids and Gases

Difficult Words
1. molecules
2. compressed
3. volume
4. occupy
5. definite
6. evaporation
7. condensation
8. solute
9. solvent
10. solution
11. substance
12. solidification

11/10/21 /CW CH-9

Short Q/A
Q1. What is matter?
A1. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Q2. Name two things that are non-matter.
A2. Music, shadow
Q3. Define condensation.
A3. The process in which a gas changes into liquid on cooling is known as condensation.
Q4. Define solution.
A4. A solution is a mixture in which a substance dissolves in another, at a particular temperature.
Q5. Name any substance that is used as a solute.
A. Salt

11/10/21/ CW. CH-9

Long Q/A
Q1. Explain the differences in molecular arrangements of solids, liquids and gases.
A1.
Solids Liquids Gases
The molecules in a solid are The molecules in a liquid are molecules are very loosely-
closely packed and arranged in loosely packed and arranged in packed and move quickly in
a regular way. a random way. all directions and arranged in a
random way.
Q2. Differentiate between freezing and melting.
A2.
Freezing Melting
The process in which a liquid changes into The process in which a solid changes into
solid is known as freezing. liquid is known as melting.
Water Ice Ice Water
 Q3. Differentiate between solute, solvent and solution.
A3.

Solute Solvent Solution

The substances that dissolves The substance in which the Two or more substances mixed
in a liquid solute dissolves. together, such that they are
Ex- Water evenly distributed.
Ex- salt, sugar Ex- lemonade
Q4. What is the difference between solids, liquids and gases? Write in a tabular form.
A4.
Solids Liquids Gases
Shape and Volume Definite shape and No definite shape but No definite shape and
volume definite volume volume.
Attraction between Very strong Weak Very weak
particles
Nature Very hard and rigid fluid Highly fluid

21/10/21/ CW Ch-10 Force, Work and Energy

Difficult Words
1- Gravitational
2- Elastic
3- Frictional
4- Machines
5- Inclined
6- Geothermal
7- Fission
8- Wedge
9- Pulley
10- Fulcrum

Science H.W CH-10 Do short questions Q1,2,3 in your notebook

Q1.Define force.
Q2. Name any two types of forces.
Q3. Define simple machines.
A1. A force is a push or pull exerted on an object, when it interacts with other object.
A2. Muscular force, gravitational force.
A3. Simple machines are devices that make doing work easier. They have few, or no moving parts. Ex-
inclined plane, screw

Short Q/A

Q4. What is work?

A. Work is said to be done only when force applied on an object causes it to move through a distance.

Q5. Name any two simple machines.

A. Lever, Pulley

26/10/21/ CW CH-10
Long Q/A
Q1. What is gravitational force? Explain how it functions.
A1. Gravitational force is the force that attracts objects to the centre of the Earth. When we throw an object
in the air, it comes down after some time due to gravity.

Q2. What is the frictional force? Why does a person slip easily on a banana peel?
A2. Friction force is the force applied by a surface when an object slides or rolls over it. It acts in the
opposite direction to the motion. A person will slip easily on a banana peel because there will be no friction.

Q3.What is solar energy? Name any two devices that use solar energy.
A3. The energy that we get from the Sun is called solar energy. It is also used to operate devices such as
solar cookers and solar heaters.

26/10/21/CW Ch-10

Q4. How do simple machines help us. Discuss any two in detail.
A4. Simple machines are devices that make doing work easier.
i) Pulley- A pulley is a small wheel, which has groove around its edge. A rope or a belt moves through this
groove to lift heavy things. e.g. a pulley is used to draw water from a well.
ii) Wheel and axle- It is consists of a wheel attached to a rod called axle, e.g. the wheels of a car or a bicycle.

Q5. Define energy. Give details of two sources of energy.

A5. Energy is the ability to do work. We need energy to carry out various activities like running, playing etc.
The two sources of energy are-
i) Chemical energy- The energy obtained by chemicals e.g. a battery or cell has chemical energy stored in it.
ii) Moving Water- Water is also used to generate electricity. Dams are built to allow the water to fall from a
height onto machines to generate electricity.

9/11/21/ CW CH-11 The Solar System

Difficult Words
1- dwarf planets
2- asteroids
3- comets
4- craters
5- satellites
6- orbits
7- constellations
8- galaxy
9- universe
10- hemisphere
11- equator
12- rotation
13- revolution
14- atmosphere

10/11/21/ CW CH-11 The Solar System

Short Q/A
Q1. What is the solar system?
A1. The Sun, the eight planets and their moons along with smaller bodies like dwarf planets, comets and
asteroids form the solar system.

Q2. Write the names of eight planets in increasing order of their distance from the sun.
A2. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Q3. What are stars?
A3. Stars are huge luminous bodies in the sky, made of hot gases and dust. They give out light and heat.
Q4. What is the movement of the Earth on its imaginary axis called?
A4. Rotation is the movement of the earth on its imaginary axis which causes day and night.

11/11/21/ CW CH-11 The Solar System

Q5. What causes seasons?

A5. Seasons are caused by
 the revolution of the Earth around the Sun in its elliptical orbit.
 the tilt of the Earth at 23.5o on its imaginary axis.

Long Q/A

Q1. What are satellites? Why is the moon called the natural satellite of the Earth?
A1. A satellite is a heavenly body that revolves around a planet in an orbit. These are called natural satellites
or moon. The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. It does not have an atmosphere and its surface is
full craters and mountains.

Q2. What is the difference between rotation and revolution?

A2.
Rotation Revolution
The Earth rotates on its axis. The Earth revolves around the Sun.
The Earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation. The Earth takes about 365 days or 1year to
complete a revolution.
Rotation causes day and night. Revolution causes seasons.

Q3. How are seasons caused? Explain with the help of a diagram.
A3. The seasons are caused as the Earth is tilted on its axis and it travels in its elliptical orbit around the Sun.
Summer happens in the hemisphere tilted towards the Sun, and winter happens in the hemisphere tilted away
from the Sun.

9/12/21/CW CH- 12 KEEPING OUR EARTH CLEAN

Difficult Words-
1- Pollution
2- Pollutants
3- Afforestation
4- Deforestation
5- Biodegradable
6- Non-biodegradable
7- Infertile
8- Outskirts
9- Association
10- Insecticides
11- Pesticides
12- Agriculture
13- Fertilizer
14- Diarrhoea
15- Typhoid
9/12/21/CW CH- 12 KEEPING OUR EARTH CLEAN

Short Q/A
Q1. Define pollutants.
A1. The substances which causes pollution are known as pollutants.

Q2. Give difference between afforestation and deforestation.

A2. Planting trees in large numbers is known as afforestation and cutting down trees in large numbers is
known as deforestation.

Q3. What is biodegradable waste?

A3. Wastes like peels of fruits and vegetables, paper and wood can decompose or rot easily and mixes with
the soil are known as biodegradable waste.

10/12/21/CW CH-12
Q4. Name two non-biodegradable wastes.
A4. Plastic, Glass, rubber, polythene are non-biodegradable wastes.

Q5. How can we reuse plastics?

A5. Plastic can be used to make pencil stand, plant vase and fruit bowl.

LONG Q/A
Q1.Explain how we contribute to air pollution. Give three measures to control it.
A1. The burning of fuels like coal, petrol or diesel in vehicles and factories contribute to air pollution. We
can control it by following these measures-
i) Fitting tall chimneys in factories.
ii) Vehicles should use non-polluting fuels, such as CNG.
iii) We should use public transport.

Q2. How does pollution impact wildlife? Explain.

A2. Many wild animals are dependent on trees for shelter, other animals and water bodies. The effects of
land, air and water pollution on wildlife, created by human activity will create an imbalance in nature.

13/12/21/CW CH-12

Q3. Write a short note on Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

A3. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle are the 3R’s of waste management.
Reduce- means we should avoid wastage and use things wisely.
Reuse- means to use the same items more than one time.
Recycle- means to process used materials into new products.

13/01/2022 /CW CH-13 Air, Water and Weather

Key Words-
1. Rotation
2. Revolution
3. Evaporation
4. Condensation
5. Precipitation
6. Sedimentation
7. Decantation
8. Filtration
9. Chlorination
10. Sea breeze
11. Land breeze
12. Insoluble impurities
13. Reverse osmosis
14/01/2022/CW CH-13
Short Q/A
Q1. Define revolution and rotation.
A1. Revolution- The Earth moves around the Sun in its fixed orbit. It is known as revolution.
Rotation- The Earth spins on its own axis. It is known as rotation.
Q2. What is the difference between a storm and a thunderstorm?
A2. Storm- A very strong wind which can cause damage is called a storm.
Thunderstorm- When a storm is accompanied by thunder and rain, it is called thunderstorm.
Q3. What is land breeze?
A3. At night, the cool air from the land moves in towards the sea and takes its place. This is called
land breeze.
Q4. What is the difference between mist and fog?
A4. Mist – It is caused by small droplets of water suspended in air. It is less denser than fog.
Fog- It is a collection of liquid water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the earth’s
surface.
Q5. What is chlorination?
A5. Chlorine is a chemical that is added to water to kill germs present in it. This process of adding chlorine
is known as chlorination.
Long Q/A
Q1. How does the Sun help in creating sea breeze and land breeze?
A1. The Sun heats up land as well as water bodies on Earth. Land heats up as well as cools down faster than
water, and this gives rise to sea breeze and land breeze.
Draw dig. Of Sea breeze and Land breeze.. pg.no. 135
Q2. What are factors that affect the rate of evaporation?
A2. There are several factors that affect the rate of evaporation –
i) High temperature
ii) Strong blowing wind
iii) Dry air
iv) Larger exposed surface area
Q3. Explain the water cycle.
A3. Sun heat evaporates water from different water bodies on Earth. It condenses to form clouds in the
atmosphere, and falls back on the ground in the form of rain or snow. This water gets collected in river and
oceans. This entire cycle of change of forms of water is known as water cycle.

Q4. How can we remove insoluble impurities from water? Explain

A4. We can remove insoluble impurities by –
i) Sedimentation- Allowing impure water to stand for some time and let the impurities settle down at the
bottom of the vessel.
ii) Decantation- Pouring the clean water into another vessel.
iii) Filtration- In this method, unclean water is passed through filter paper.

Q5. Explain the difference between filtration and boiling.

A5. Boiling- It is the simplest method to purify water. Boiling water for at least ten minutes kills the germs.
Filtration- The process in which water is cleaned by passing it through a filter paper is called filtration.