Project I Filter Design: 6.341 Discrete-Time Signal Processing
Project I Filter Design: 6.341 Discrete-Time Signal Processing
Project I Filter Design: 6.341 Discrete-Time Signal Processing
=
The overall gain and FIR will:
1 1+
20
1 1 +
= 10
110 20 1+10 20
gain factor =
1 1+
x[n]
48 kHz
L=2
xe[n]
H(ejw)
LPF
xi[n]
M=3
xd[n]
32 kHz
-4/L
Choose the smallest integer L that satisfies this rate conversion condition to ease the low-pass filter design
Figure 1
1
In addition, we need to convert the width of the transition band from continuous time to discrete time. The conversion procedure is as follows:
Transition Bandwidth =
2 2 248
= 24
Yes
Increase N by 1 Figure 2
Final Remarks
For the different types of filter weve designed, Elliptic filter can meet the specification with the lowest filter order while FIR filter generally needs more orders to meet the same specification. Therefore, in order to implement filter with a given specification, the amount of hardware required for FIR filter is higher. However, we can see that both Parks-McClellan and Kaiser FIR filter have constant group delays and all the other IIR filters have their group delay varies with frequency. Varying group delay can be undesirable for many applications. Another benefit of implementing FIR filter is that we do not have to worry about stability problem since there is no feedback. The choice of using FIR and IIR filter really depends on the applications. There is no filter implementation that is always better than the other filter implementation.
Butterworth:
Magnitude (dB)
5000 0 -5000 0 0.1 0.2
43th order
Butterworth Filter
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
100 0 -100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Butterworth Filter 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
Chebyshev Type I:
Magnitude (dB)
0 -1000 -2000 0 0.1 0.2
13th order
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
200 100 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
13th order
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
40 20 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
Elliptic:
Magnitude (dB)
0 -100 -200 0 0.1 0.2
10th order
Elliptic Filter
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
1000 500 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Elliptic Filter 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
Parks-McClellan:
Magnitude (dB)
0 -100 -200 0 0.1 0.2
85th order
Parks-McClellan Filter
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
44 42 40 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Parks-McClellan Filter 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
Kaiser Windows:
Magnitude (dB)
0 -100 -200 0 0.1 0.2
140th order
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Amplitude Response
0.9
Amplitude
1 0.95 0.9 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) Group Delay 0.3
71 70 69 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample) 0.9 1
Imaginary Part
0.6
Amplitude
10
20
30
40 50 60 n (samples)
70
80
90
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: