MODEL QUESTION PAPER (I PUC) ANSWERS

PART-A

I Answer any ten of the following. Each question carries 1 mark.

1 Name the SI unit of amount of substance.

Mole.
2 Write the relation between enthalpy change and internal energy change.
∆H=∆U+p∆V.
3 Which quantum number corresponds to the period number in the modern periodic table?
The principal quantum number(n).
4 Write the Lewis dot structure of CO molecule.
:C≡O:
5 What is the oxidation number of oxygen in peroxides?
-1
6 What is the molecular formula for heavy water?
D2O.
7 Mention one biological importance of potassium.
Participates in the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP with sodium.
8 Which alkaline earth metal gives brick red colour to the flame?
Calcium.
9 What is the shape of Buckminster Fullerene?
Soccer ball.
10 Name the gas which forms complex carboxy haemoglobin.
Carbon monoxide.
11 Which gas is liberated in Dumas Process?
N2
12 Name the first organic compound prepared in laboratory from inorganic compound by F Wohler.
Urea.
13 Mention the catalyst in Friedel-craft’s alkylation?
Anhydrous Aluminium chloride.
14 Write the significance of Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).
It indicates the amount of organic pollutants present in aquatic ecosystem.
15 What is acid rain?
Rain water containing H2SO4, HNO3 which are formed from the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen
present in the air as pollutants.
PART-B

II Answer any five of the following. Each question carries 2 marks.

16 Mention any two properties of cathode rays?

1. Cathode rays travels in straight line from cathode to anode.
2. These can ionize the gas and produces x- rays, when they falls on metals.
17 What are exothermic processes? Give an example.
A process in which heat is liberated is called exothermic process.
Example: Burning of fuels.
18 What are Transuranium elements? Give an example.
 The elements after uranium are called trans uranium elements. Eg- Neptunium.

19 The dipole moment of BeF2 is zero. Give reason.

Because the shape is linear. Dipole moment in one direction is equal and opposite to other
direction.
F-Be-F
20 What is hydrogen bond? Mention the type of hydrogen bonding involved in o-nitrophenol.
Hydrogen bonding is the force of attraction between hydrogen atom and most electronegative
atom with in a molecule or between the molecule of a same substance or different substances.
The hydrogen bonding involved in o-nitrophenol is Intra molecular hydrogen bonding.
21 What displacement reaction? Give an example.
The reactions in which an atom/ion present in the chemical compound gets replaced by atom/ion
of another compound.
Zn+CuSO4 →Cu+ ZnSO4
22 Give reasons: i) Concentrated nitric acid transferred in aluminium container.
ii) Silicon forms p-type semi-conductor.
i) Concentrated HNO3 can be stored and transported in aluminium containers as it reacts with
aluminium to form a thin protective oxide layer on the aluminium surface. This oxide layer renders
aluminium passive.
ii) Extra materials like boron or aluminum are added to the silicon. These materials have only
three electrons in their outer shell. When the extra material replaces some of the silicon it leaves
a 'hole' where the fourth electron would have been if the semiconductor was pure silicon.
23 Write the bond line formula and IUPAC name of the compound o-dibromo benzene.

1,2-dibromobenzene.
24 Draw the staggered conformation of ethane.

Sawhorse conformation:

Newmann projection:
25 Name any two gases causing global warming.
CO2, CH4.
PART-C

III Answer any five of the following. Each question carries 3 marks.

26 Define Ionization enthalpy. How does Ionization enthalpy vary in a period & down a group in the
periodic table?
Ionization enthalpy is the amount of energy required to remove one electron from neutral
gaseous atom.
Ionization energy increases along a period and decreases down a group as atomic number
 increases.

27 Explain the shape of ammonia molecule using VSEPR theory?

In NH3 molecule, atomic number of nitrogen is 7 and electronic configuration is 1s22s22p3. Thus
nitrogen has 5 valance electron. Out of these 3 are shared with H and remaining 2 exist as a lone
pair.
It has pyramidal shape with 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair. Total number of electron pairs is 4.
According to VSEPR theory NH3 should have tetrahedral shape due to presence of 4 electron pairs.
The presence of one lone pair on nitrogen causes greater repulsion to bond pairs. As a result three
N-H bonds move slightly closer. So it decreases the normal tetrahedral angle to 107o. Therefore
ammonia has irregular geometry. Since one of the tetrahedral position is occupied by lone pair,
the shape of ammonia molecule is pyramidal.

28 What is sigma bond? Why sigma bond is stronger than pi-bond?

Sigma bond is formed by the axial overlapping of or end to end overlapping of two half filled
atomic orbital of opposite spin.
Sigma bonds are formed by head-on the overlap of atomic orbitals. Whereas pi bonds are formed
in addition to sigma bonds by sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals. Since the in formation of a
sigma bond, the orbitals are along internuclear axis this results in more effective orbital overlap as
compared to when pi bonds are formed as they are perpendicular to the internuclear axis. This
significant difference in orbital overlap results in sigma bond being stronger than the pi bond.

29 Write any three postulates of molecular orbital theory.

1) Molecular orbitals are formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbitals
are region in space, where there is a maximum propability of finding electrons around the nucleus
of molecules.
2) When two atomic orbitals combines linearly forms one less energy molecular orbital called
bonding molecular orbital and one high energy molecular orbital called antibonding molecular
orbital.
3) Number of molecular orbitals formed is equal to number of atomic orbitals combining. Half of
these are BMOs and half of these are ABMOs.

30 Consider the element Na, F, and I:

i) Identify the element that exhibits only negative oxidation states
ii) Identify the element that exhibits only positive oxidation state
iii) Identify the element that exhibits both positive and negative oxidation state.
i) F
ii) Na
iii) I
31 Mention the three uses of Dihydrogen.
1) it is used in the synthesis of NH3, HNO3 and nitrogenous fertilises.
2) In the manufacture of vanaspathi (fat or vegetable ghee)
 3) in the manufacture of CH3OH, metal hydrides, HCl etc.
4) it is used as reducing agents, used in fuel cells for generating electricity, as a gaseous fuel. Oxy-
hydrogen torches used for cutting & welding purposes and as a rocket fuel.
32 How is sodium hydroxide prepared commercially by Kastner-Kellner cell?
Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by the electrolysis of brine solution using a mercury cathode &
a carbon anode in castner Kellner method Na is formed at cathode & combines with Hg forms
sodium amalgum. Cl2 is liberated at anode.
At cathode: Na++e-Na
Na+Hg Na-Hg
At anode: 2Cl+2e- Cl2
Then amalgam is treated with water to give NaOH and H2.
2Na-Hg+2H2O 2NaOH+2Hg+H2
33 Give the chemical formula for i) Plaster of paris ii) Lime stone.
i) Plaster of paris: CaSO4.1/2 H2O
ii) Lime stone: CaCO3
34 Write any three anomalous properties of Boron.
1) Trihalides are covalent & hydrolised in H2O. Boran forms only tetrahedral species & others exist
in both tetrahedral & octahedral species.
2) Due to the absence of d orbital, the maximum covalency of B is 4, while others can be expected
beyond 4 .
3) Boran oxide is acidic but other are amphoteric & basic .
35 Write any three differences between graphite and diamond.

Diamond Graphite
Hard, white and crystalline solid. Soft, grey and crystalline solid.
Regular Tetrahedron structure. Hexagonal planar structure.
Each ‘C’ attached to four other carbons. Each ‘C’ attached to three other carbons.
All electrons bonded so diamond is Here, C contains a free electron so graphite
a bad conductor of electricity. is a good conductor of electricity.
PART-D
IV Answer any five of the following. Each question carries 5 marks.
36 (a). Write any three postulates of Dalton’s theory.
1) Matter consists of individual atoms.
2) Atoms of a given element have identical properties and identical mass.
3) Compounds are formed, when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
4) Chemical reactions involve reorganisation of atoms, that is mass neither be created nor
destroyed.

(b). Calculate the molecular mass of CO2.

Molar mas of CO2=atomic mass of carbon+2×atomic mass of oxygen

=12+2(16)
=44g/mol
37 (a). The percentage composition of organic compound found to contains 26.66% carbon, 2.22%
hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. If the molecular mass of compound is 90gmol-1 , Determine the
molecular formula of the compound. (Atomic mass of C, H and O are 12, 1 and 16 respectively).
 Element Percentage At. mass Relative number of moles Simple ratio

C 26.66 12 2.22 1

H 2.22 1 2.22 1

O 71.12 16 4.44 2

Empirical formula: CHO2.

Empirical formula mass: 12+1+2(16)=45
n=Molecular mass/Empirical mass
n=90/45=2
MF=(EF)n=(CHO2)2=C2H2O4
(b). State Avogadro law. What is the value of Avogadro number?
It states that “at same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases should contain equal
number of molecules”.
value of Avogadro number is 6.022x1023
38 (a). The FM station of All India Radio, Hassan, broadcast on a frequency of 1020kilohertz. Calculate
the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by transmitter.
frequency =v= 1020 kHz= 1020000Hz=
=c/v
=3x108/1020000
= 294m
(b). Write Rydberg’s equation? Explain the terms.
)
where:
R: Rydberg constant (≈1.097m−1)
n1: Quantum number of initial state
n2: Quantum number of final state
39 (a). Write all possible values of l, m and s, when n=3 in an atom.
n=3
l=0,1,2
m=-2,-1,0,+1,+2
s=+1/2, -1/2
(b). Atomic number (z) and Mass number (A) of element are 29 and 64. How many protons and
neutrons are present in it?
Number of protons-29
Number of neutrons-35
40 (a). Derive ideal gas equation?
According to Boyles law, v ----------(1)
According to Charles law v ----------(2)
According to Avogadros law v -------(3)
Combine these three laws,
v
v or PV=nRT
(b). Name two types of forces which determine the physical state of substances
 (1) intermolecular forces
(2) Thermal energy.
41 (a). Write any three postulates of Kinetic theory of gases.
1) Gases consists of minute particles called molecules.
2) Molecules of the gases moves in all direction in straight line. The direction of molecules
changes, when they collide with other molecule or with waals of container.
3) Collision between molecule or collision of the molecule with the waals of the container are
perfectly elastic. Ie there is no loss of kinetic energy before and after collision.
(b). Define saturated vapour pressure of a liquid. How does it vary with temperature?
“Pressure exerted by a vapours above the liquid surface, which is equilibrium with liquid is called
vapour pressure”. Vapour pressure increases with increase in temperature.
42 (a). Derive the relationship between Cp & Cv for ideal gas.
H = U + PV
H =U + RT because PV = RT
H =  U + RT
CpT=CvT+RT
CpT-Cv T = RT
(Cp- Cv)T =RT
Cp -Cv =R
(b). What is entropy? Give its SI unit
It is a measure of degree of randomness of a system. The unit of entropy is J/K/ mol
43 (a). Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of liquid benzene (C6H6). Given the enthalpies of
combustion of carbon(s), hydrogen (g) and benzene (l) are -393.5 kJ, - 285.83 kJ and -3267.0 kJ
respectively.
6C(s) + 3H2(g) → C6H6 (l) ΔfH =?
Given Data :
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔcH = -393.5 KJ
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → H2O(l) ΔcH = -285.83KJ
C6H6(l) + 15/2O2(g) → 6CO2 + 3H2O ΔcH = -3267.0 KJ

(b). What is spontaneous change? Give one example.

A change which can occurs on its own, without any external support is called spontaneous change.
Ex- Melting of ice.
44 (a). State Lechatlier’s principle. What is the effect of temperature on the equilibrium when the
forward reaction is exothermic?
It states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will result
in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to achieve a new equilibrium state.
For an exothermic reaction, heat is a product. Therefore, increasing the temperature will shift the
equilibrium to the left, while decreasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the right.
(b). What is Homogeneous equilibrium? Give an example?
A homogeneous equilibrium is one in which all species are present in the same phase.
N2(g)+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
45 (a). Write any three applications of equilibrium constant (Kc or Kp).
 1) it is used to predict the extent of reaction.
2) It is used to predict the direction of the reaction
3) it is used to calculate equillibirum concentrations
(b). Is aqueous solution of ammonium chloride acidic? Give reason.
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is the salt of a strong acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and a weak base
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), so an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride is acidic in nature.
46 (a). Prove that pH + pOH = 14

(b). Explain common ion effect with an example.

According to Lechatliers principle, if we increase the concentration of any one of ions, it combines
with ions of opposite charge, so some of the salt will be precipitated till Ksp = Qsp.
If we decrease the concentration of any one of ions, more salt will dissolve to increase the
concentration of both the ions till once again ksp = Qsp.
Ex: When HCl is passed through saturated solution of NaCl, Cl– ion increase. So it combines with
Na+ of NaCl & forms precipitate of NaCl.
V Answer any two of the following. Each question carries 5 marks.
47 (a). How can carbon & hydrogen be estimated in the organic compound by Liebig’s process?
Principle: A known mass of organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen is heated with
pure and dry oxygen and CuO, carbon becomes CO2 and hydrogen becomes H2O . From the mass
of CO2 and H2O, % of carbon and % of hydrogen can be calculated.
Procedure: Pure and dry air is passed through combustion tube without containing organic
compound. CO2 and moisture in the combustion tube passes out and then it is connected to
weighed U-tube containing anhydrous CaCl2 and it is attached to weighed potash bulb containing
KOH and it is attached to guard tube containing soda lime and anhydrous CaCl2. These prevents
the entry of moisture and CO2 into the U- tube and potash bulb from atmosphere and the apparatus
is tested for air tightness. A known mass of organic compound taken in a porcelain boat is placed in
combustion tube, which contains CuO gauze. Pure and dry air is passed through combustion tube
and it is heated in a furnace. Carbon become CO2 and hydrogen becomes H2O. CO2 gas absorbed
by KOH in potash bulb and H2O is absorbed by anhydrous CaCl2 in u- tube. When the experiment
in completed, pure and dry air is again passed through combustion tube to remove an absorbed all
CO2 and H2O from compound. Then the appatus are detached and again weighed.
Calculation:
Mass of organic compound = ‘w’ g
Increase in mass of u-tube = mass of H2O = ‘x’ g
Wkt 18g of water (1 mole) contains ‘2’g of hydrogen I PUC CHEMISTRY
‘x’ g of water contains g of hydrogen.
% Hydrogen =
%H =
Increase in mass of potash bulb= mass of CO2 = ‘y’ g
Wkt 44 g of CO2 contains 12 g of carbon
‘y’ g of CO2 contains g of carbon.
 % of carbon=
%C =
(b). Define functional group. Write the structure of functional groups carboxylic acids?
These are atoms or group of atoms or reactive site in an organic compounds, which are responsible
for characteristic properties of the compounds.

48 (a). What are carbocations? Mention the hybridisation state of carbon and shape of CH3 + (methyl
carbocation).
An ion containing +vely charged carbon centre and it is obtained by heterolytic breaking of
covalent bond.
The hybridisation state of carbon and shape of CH3 + is sp3 and planar respectively
(b). How do you detect sulphur in sodium fusion extract?
Sodium fusion extract is treated with sodiumnitro prusside. The appearance of violet colour
indicates the presence of sulphur.
Na2S+Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]  Na4[Fe(CN)5NOS]
49 (a). Explain the mechanism of chlorination of methane.
1. Initiation:- Chlorine molecule absorb sunlight and break symmetrically gives chlorine free
radicals.
Cl-Cl+h  Cl•+Cl•
2. Propagation: Chlorine free radical combines with CH4 molecule, gives methyl free radical
CH4+ Cl• •CH3+HCl
3. Termination: The process terminates when all free radicals becomes molecules
Cl•+ Cl•Cl2
Cl•+•CH3  CH3Cl
•CH3+•CH3 C2H6
(b). Write the geometrical isomers of But-2-ene.
There are 2 geometrical isomers of but-2-ene
i.e Cis and Trans.

50 (a). Give the three conditions for aromaticity.

1) They should planar
2) They must be cyclic
3) They must have (4n+2) electrons called Huckel rule.

(b). How is ethyne prepared from calcium carbide? Give equation.

When calcium carbide is treated with water. gives ethyne.
CaC2 +2H2O  Ca(OH)2+C2H2