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    ACI (Absolute Volume) Method

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    jyothis_joy77
    The document compares the ACI (absolute volume) concrete mix design method to practical mix designs. The ACI method specifies higher cement and water contents than practical mixes, resulting in lower strength. Practical mixes use 11-20% less water, determine aggregate contents by fixing the coarse aggregate volume at 41.74%, and set cement contents based on experience rather than calculations. The ACI method is not used for modern mix designs due to improved admixtures allowing lower water contents.

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    ACI (Absolute Volume) Method

    Uploaded by

    jyothis_joy77
    550 views5 pages
    The document compares the ACI (absolute volume) concrete mix design method to practical mix designs. The ACI method specifies higher cement and water contents than practical mixes, resulting in lower strength. Practical mixes use 11-20% less water, determine aggregate contents by fixing the coarse aggregate volume at 41.74%, and set cement contents based on experience rather than calculations. The ACI method is not used for modern mix designs due to improved admixtures allowing lower water contents.

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    ACI (Absolute Volume)Method

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    The document compares the ACI (absolute volume) concrete mix design method to practical mix designs. The ACI method specifies higher cement and water contents than practical mixes, resulting in lower strength. Practical mixes use 11-20% less water, determine aggregate contents by fixing the coarse aggregate volume at 41.74%, and set cement contents based on experience rather than calculations. The ACI method is not used for modern mix designs due to improved admixtures allowing lower water contents.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    550 views5 pages

    ACI (Absolute Volume) Method

    Uploaded by

    jyothis_joy77
    The document compares the ACI (absolute volume) concrete mix design method to practical mix designs. The ACI method specifies higher cement and water contents than practical mixes, resulting in lower strength. Practical mixes use 11-20% less water, determine aggregate contents by fixing the coarse aggregate volume at 41.74%, and set cement contents based on experience rather than calculations. The ACI method is not used for modern mix designs due to improved admixtures allowing lower water contents.

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    ACI (absolute volume)method

    1) Data required
    Grade :- All grades
    C Factor :- 0.96
    Exposure :- Mild to extreme
    Cement strength :- 43 MPa
    crushed or rounded C A :Sand zone :2) a) TMS :TMS = fck + 1.65
    M20
    M25
    M30 M35
    M40
    values [ MPa ] ACI
    4
    4
    5
    5
    5
    TMS values [ MPa ] ACI
    26.6
    31.6
    38.25 43.25 48.25
    TMS values [ MPa ] practical
    35
    40
    45
    50
    55
    In practice, current margin is always taken as 15MPa
    b) W/C :w/c values w.r.t TMS & curves
    w/c values w.r.t Exposure conditions
    --- do -----

    w/c ACI
    w/c practical

    M20
    M25
    0.58
    0.52
    Mild Moder
    ---0.50
    0.58
    0.49
    0.583 0.49

    M30 M35
    0.47
    0.43
    Severe V. sev
    0.45 0.40
    0.44 0.41
    0.44 0.41

    M40
    0.39
    Extr
    ------0.39
    0.40

    In ACI method, low w/c s are based on TMS &


    durability. It is very close to practical values.

    c) Water content :Water content ACI*


    Air content
    Water content practical **

    M20
    200
    2%
    173

    M25
    200
    2%
    173

    M30
    200
    2%
    155

    M35
    200
    2%
    155

    M40
    200
    2%
    155

    *Water content is based on slump & max size only. So when


    slump is 100mm & max size is 20 mm , water content is 200
    ltr & air content ( based on max size only ) is 2%.
    ** With the use of modern admixtures , water content can be
    reduced by 11% upto M25 , 17% upto M35 & 20% upto M40
    So this table is not used in modern day design. These water
    content is calculated as CC* w/c. Cement content is fixed
    based on experience & trials.

    d) cement content :M20


    w/c ACI *
    0.58
    Water content ACI*
    200
    Cement content w.r.t w/c(W/w/c) 345
    w/c practical**
    0.583
    Water content practical
    173
    Cement content w.r.t w/c(W/w/c) 297
    Cement content w.r.t qcs
    310
    Cement content practical*
    300

    M25
    0.49
    200
    408
    0.49
    173
    353
    320
    350

    M30 M35
    0.44
    0.41
    200
    200
    455
    488
    0.44
    0.41
    155
    155
    352
    378
    330
    350
    355
    375

    M40
    0.39
    200
    513
    0.40
    155
    388
    370
    400

    * Cement content used in ACI is much high because of


    specified higher water content.
    **In practical method, Cement content is fixed based on
    experience & trials.

    d) aggregate content :M20


    w/c ACI *
    0.58
    Water content ACI*
    200
    Cement content
    345
    Air content
    2%
    FM sand
    2.45
    20mm DR B density
    1600

    M25
    0.49
    200
    408
    2%
    2.45
    1600

    M30 M35
    0.44 0.41
    200
    200
    455
    488
    2%
    2%
    2.45 2.45
    1600 1600

    M40
    0.39
    200
    513
    2%
    2.45
    1600

    10mm DR B density
    20mm DR volume
    10mm DR volume
    20mm @60% of CA
    10mm @40% of CA
    Cement in total volume
    water in total volume
    air in total volume
    20mm in total volume
    10mm in total volume
    fine in total volume
    fine content
    % Cement in volume
    % water in volume
    % C.A in volume
    % fines in volume
    % agg in volume
    %fine in total agg (vol )
    Wet density

    1700
    1700
    1700 1700 1700
    0.66
    0.66
    0.66
    0.66 0.66
    0.50
    0.50
    0.50
    0.50 0.50
    629
    629
    629
    629
    629
    337
    337
    337
    337
    337
    109.5 129.5 144.4 154.9 162.9
    200
    200
    200
    200
    200
    20
    20
    20
    20
    20
    216.9 216.9
    216.9 216.9 216.9
    116.2 116.2
    116.2 116.2 116.2
    337.4 317.4
    302.5 292.0 284.0
    884
    832
    792
    765
    744
    10.95% 12.95% 14.44% 15.49% 16.29%
    20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00%
    33.31% 33.31% 33.31% 33.31% 33.31%
    33.7% 31.7%
    30.2% 29.2% 28.4%
    67%
    65%
    64% 63%
    62%
    50.32% 48.79% 47.59% 46.71% 46.02%
    2395 2406
    2413 2419 2423

    *In ACI method , first mass of 20 mm & 10 mm is


    calculated . Then mass of fines is calculated by absolute
    volume.
    For calculating mass of CA,
    first dry rodded bulk density is calculated using ASTM
    C 29.
    Then dry rodded bulk volume is calculated if fineness
    modulus of fine agg is known. Fineness Modulus is
    given by division of the summation of cumulative
    retained fractions for standard sieves up to 150-micron
    sieve size by 100.
    20 mm & 10 mm are combined in 60:40 by weight.So
    20mm dry rodded bulk density *0.60*20mm dry rodded
    unit volume + 10mm dry rodded bulk density

    *0.60*10mm dry rodded unit volume gives mass of


    total CA .( it is 966 kg/m3 when FM of fines = 2.45).
    Mass of total CA is constant for all the mixes if FM is
    constant.
    % volume of CA in total concrete in ACI = 33.31%.
    Finally % mass of all aggregates are found out &
    then checked with combined grading specifications.
    M20
    Cement content practical** 300
    w/c
    0.58
    Water (CC / w/c )
    174
    Water (rounded )
    173
    % C.A in total volume
    41.74%
    Cement in total volume
    95.2
    water in total volume
    174
    CA in total volume
    417.4
    20mm @ 60% wt of agg
    726
    10mm @ 40% wt of agg
    484
    Air content
    1%
    % Cement in total volume 9.52%
    % water in total volume
    17.4%
    % agg in total volume
    72%
    % fines in total volume
    30.3%
    Mass of fines
    795

    %fine in total agg (vol)


    Wet density

    M25
    M30
    M35
    350
    355
    375
    0.50
    0.45
    0.42
    175
    159.8 157.5
    173
    155
    155
    41.74% 41.74% 41.74%
    111.11 112.7
    119.1
    175
    160
    157.5
    417.4 417.4
    417.4
    726
    726
    726
    484
    484
    484
    1%
    1%
    1%
    11.11% 11.27% 11.9%
    17.5%
    15.98% 15.75%
    70%
    72%
    71%
    28.6% 30.0% 29.6%
    751
    786
    776

    42.09% 40.7%
    2479 2486

    M40
    400
    0.39
    160
    155
    41..74%
    127
    160
    417.4
    726
    484
    1%
    12.7%
    16.0%
    70%
    28.6%
    748

    41.83% 41.5% 40.63%


    2512
    2519
    2519

    **In practical method, determination of aggregate


    content loosely follows ACI method with a little
    difference because ACI table for determining dry
    rodded unit volume wrt FM is based on fixed water

    content ( 200 kg / cum) which is not the case in


    practical method.
    So the problem is circumvented by fixing a constant
    % of C A volume in total concrete (ie 41.74%) &
    established by trials.
    Then 20 mm & 10 mm are combined in 60:40 by
    weight. Mass of fines is calculated by absolute volume.
    Finally % mass of all aggregates are found out & then
    checked with combined grading specifications.
    Summary

    Cement
    M. silica
    w/c
    Water
    sand
    C.A
    20mm
    10mm

    Agg.C r
    Fines.CA r

    C grading
    20mm
    10mm
    fines
    % CA vol
    % fines vol
    % cement v
    % water v
    % fines agg
    vl
    Wet density

    M20
    ACI
    Act
    345
    300

    M25
    ACI
    Act
    408
    350

    M30
    ACI
    Act
    455
    355

    M35
    ACI
    Act
    488
    375

    M40
    ACI
    Act
    513
    400

    0.58
    200
    884
    966
    629
    337

    0.58
    174
    795
    1210
    726
    484

    0.49
    200
    832
    966
    629
    337

    0.50
    175
    751
    1210
    726
    484

    0.44
    200
    792
    966
    629
    337

    0.45
    159.8
    786
    1210
    726
    484

    0.41
    200
    765
    966
    629
    337

    0.42
    157.5
    776
    1210
    726
    484

    0.39
    200
    744
    966
    629
    337

    0.39
    160
    748
    1210
    726
    484

    5.36
    0.92

    6.68
    0.66

    4.41
    0.86

    5.60
    0.62

    3.86
    0.82

    5.62
    0.65

    3.55
    0.79

    5.30
    0.64

    3.33
    0.77

    4.90
    0.62

    34.00%

    36.22%

    34.99%

    37.03%

    35.77%

    36.37%

    36.34%

    36.57%

    36.78%

    37.08%

    18.22%

    24.15%

    18.75%

    24.69%

    19.16%

    24.25%

    19.47%

    24.38%

    19.71%

    24.72%

    47.78%

    39.64%

    46.26%

    38.28%

    45.06%

    39.38%

    44.19%

    39.05%

    43.51%

    38.20%

    33.31%
    33.7%
    10.95%
    20.00%

    41.74%
    30.3%
    9.52%
    17.4%

    33.31%
    31.7%
    12.95%
    20.00%

    41.74%
    28.6%
    11.11%
    17.5%

    33.31%
    30.2%
    14.44%
    20.00%

    41.74%
    30.0%
    11.27%
    15.98%

    33.31%
    29.2%
    15.49%
    20.00%

    41.74%
    29.6%
    11.9%
    15.75%

    33.31%
    28.4%
    16.29%
    20.00%

    41.74%
    28.6%
    12.7%
    16.0%

    50.32%

    42.09%

    48.79%

    40.7%

    47.59%

    41.83%

    46.71%

    41.5%

    46.02%

    40.63%

    2395

    2479

    2406

    2413

    2512

    2419

    2519

    2423

    2519

    2486

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