Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

1. Introduction
1.1 General

South Water Works Construction Enterprise (SWWCE) is a profitable

governmental organization that mainly operates in the South Nations,
Nationalities, and People Regional State (S/N/N/P/R/S). Currently,
the organization is mainly working on water supply construction and
irrigation schemes.

The organization (Contractor) made a contractual agreement with the

Southern regional water resources development bureau to drill and
construct two water wells in worabe town at the sites selected by the
employer.

Therefore, following all the drilling and construction procedures, the

drilling and construction works of the well was done according to the
technical specifications given in the contractual agreement.

1 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

I. Worabe Water Well # 1

1.2 Location and Accessibility

The project site is found in the northeastern part of S/N/N/P/R/S, in

Silti zone, Worabe town.

It is located about 252 kilometers from the capital town of

S/N/N/P/R/S, Hawassa.

The whole distance from Hawassa to worabe covered with an

accessible asphalt road.

It lies at geographic co-ordinates of (Datum: Addendum) Grid zone

37N, at UTM reading 864631 N & 408815 E and at an altitude 2097
meter above sea level.

1.3 Objectives and Scope of the Work

The objective and scope of the work of the project was to drill and
construct borehole according to the technical specifications given in
the contractual agreement to supply potable water mainly for Worabe
town community.

2 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

2. Drilling Descriptions
According to the agreement, the drilling machine Masinza # 1 and the
necessary equipments mobilized to the project site, and the drilling
work was started on 25/01/03 EC and completed on 07/02/03 EC.

The drilling operation was carried out using air rotary drilling method
utilizing foam as a drilling fluid. The first 2 meter depth drilled using
12" Rock bit, from 2 meter to 60meter using 10" Rock bit and from
60-165m using 10" Hammer bit.

The first 2 meter depth of the borehole cased by 12" retrievable

surface casing to protect collapse at the top during the drilling
operation accomplished.

Drill Cuttings were collected at the mouth of the borehole in 3-meter

interval as the drilling work was carried out to represent the complete
geological characteristics of the formation penetrated.

During the drilling operation of this borehole, major water strikes

were encountered at the depth of 78-90, 100-120m & 140-165m.

As revealed from the drill cuttings and the main water strikes, the
major water bearing formations are deposits of pyroclastic rock
fragment and weathered & fractured thrachyte.

3 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

The geological log description of the borehole is shown in the table

bellow:
Depth (m) Type of Formation
0-4 Clay
4-15 Tuff
15-24 Welded Tuff
24-30 Ash
30-42 Clay with Ash
42-51 Ash
51-57 Welded Tuff
57-60 Trachyite
60-69 Tuff
69-75 Basalt
75-81 Deposit of pyroclastic rock fragments
81-84 Ash
84-90 Silt
90-111 Ash
111-120 Fresh Trachyite
120-126 Tuff
126-129 Clay
129-135 Welded Tuff
135-138 Weathered Trachyite
138-144 Weathered & fractured Trachyite
144-150 Clay with Ash
150-165 Fractured Basalt

4 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Table-1

3. Casing Installation

The well is cased with 6⅝ inch blind & screen steel casing in order
to support sides of the well. Screen casing are installed to allow the
5 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21
South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

water into the casing and installed at depth identified as water

bearing zone.
Detail of casing arrangement is illustrated below.

Depth (M ) Type of casing

0- 48 Blind
48 - 54 Screen
54- 60 Blind
60- 72 Screen
72- 120 Blind
120- 126 Screen
126- 138 Blind
138- 162 Screen
162- 165 Blind

Table-2

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South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

4. Gravel packing & well development

The annular space between the borehole wall and casing is back filled
with selected rounded and uniform size (3- 5 mm) basaltic river
gravel. Gravel packing is used to filter the water from silt material.

The well is developed for 10 hours employing air jet method until the
required water purity acquired. Finally for sanitary protection, up to 2
meter depth cement grouting was done above the gravel and well head
(concrete mix) was constructed around on the top of well at ground as
per the specification of the well.

5. Pumping Test

The objective of the pumping test is to evaluate production capacity of

the well, the aquifers and to decide on the capacity & position of the
production pump. Moreover, the results of the pumping test are of
great value to be used in the well operation and maintenance.
Following the development works, pumping test was conducted for 24
hours and the necessary data are recorded.
7 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21
South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

5.1 Equipments and Instruments used for the pumping

test operation

 300 m head, 5 L/Sec discharge, power output 22kw submersible

pump.

 85 kva generator with appropriate switch board.

5.2 Data Collection and Acquisition

Constant pumping rate 7.0 L/sec was registered for the whole 24
hours as shown from the data collection sheet, where progressive
changes in water level recorded following the time specified. With the
given discharging rates & time the water level reached at 116.56
meter with total draw down of 22.46 meter with reference to the SWL
94.10 meter.

Pumping test data including recovery measurement and graphical

presentations are also annexed to the final pages of the report.

8 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

6. Interpretation and Evaluation

Based on pumping test and recovery data, the following hydraulic

parameters are computed:

Specific Capacity is the yield per unit of draw down and determine by
dividing the pumping rate (discharge) by the total drawdown.

Specific Capacity (Sc.)

Sc = Q Tdd

Where
 Q( discharge) = 7.0L/sec =420L/min
 Tdd - Total draw down = 22.46 m

Sc = 420 L/min = 18.70L/min/m

22.46 m

9 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Safe yield (Sy) The estimation of the safe yield of the well with the
following relationship gives a reasonable value since we consider
major parameters that have the direct impact on the potentiality of
the well.

( Sy ) = Specific capacity x Available head x Safety factor (70%)

Available Head (mts) = Depth of the Well- Top of aquifer

( Sy ) = 18.70L/min/m´ 70m x 0.7

= 916.30 l/min = 15.27 l/sec

Hydraulic analysis – Based on the raw data of pump test collected

at field that stated on the attached annexes analysis is made with a
help of Aquitest soft ware the methods of analysis chosen are
cooper and JACOB time draw down method, Theis analysis method
confined aquifer and Theis & Jacob analyses for recovery test.

The important hydraulic analysis results stated on the curve

annexes attached summarized below.

Time draw down method after cooper and JACOB

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South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Transmissivity Hydraulic Storativity

Conductivity
1.93 x 10 -2 4.03 x 10 - 4 6.89 x 10 -1
M2/min M/min
Table-3

Theis analysis method confined aquifer

Transmissivity Hydraulic Storativity

Conductivity
2.02 x 10 -2 4.20 x 10 – 4 6.20 x 10 -1
M2/min M/min
Table-4

Recovery method after Theis and JACOB

Transmissivity Hydraulic
Conductivity
2.46x 10 –2
5.12 x 10 – 4
M2/min M/min
Table-5

Recovery measurement was taken after pumping has been stopped for
1080 minutes and during this time the water level recovered up to
95.15 meter. The percentage of recovery can be estimated by the
following relationship

11 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Recovery Percentage = Last Reading of PWL – Recovery of WL x100

Total draw down
= 116.56 m – 95.15m x 100
22.46m
= 95.34 %

7. Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1Conclusions

 The major water bearing formations are deposits of pyroclastic

rock fragment and weathered & fractured thrachyte.
 The constant rate-pumping test of discharge 7.0l/s was carried
out for twenty-four hours duration and the dynamic water level
at 116.56meter with a total draw dawn of 22.46 meter was
registered.
 More than 95 percent of the water was recovered with in 18
hours after pumping stop.

7.2 Recommendations

 The pumping test shows, the discharge of the borehole is 7.0l/s.

But, the safe yield of the well is 15 l/s. Hence; the well can be
pumped at much greater discharge than the pumping test.

12 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

 Inorder to obtain optimum output from the well, it is advisable

to install the pump with a discharge of 15 l/s at a depth of 136
meter.

II. Worabe Water Well # 2

1.2 Location and Accessibility

The project site is found in the northeastern part of S/N/N/P/R/S, in

Silti zone, Worabe town.

It is located about 252 kilometers from the capital town of

S/N/N/P/R/S, Hawassa.

The whole distance from Hawassa to worabe covered with an

accessible asphalt road.

It lies at geographic co-ordinates of (Datum: Addendum) Grid zone

37N, at UTM reading 865035 N & 409067 E and at an altitude 2105
meter above sea level.

1.3 Objectives and Scope of the Work

13 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

The objective and scope of the work of the project was to drill and
construct borehole according to the technical specifications given in
the contractual agreement to supply potable water mainly for Worabe
town community.

2. Drilling Descriptions

According to the agreement, the drilling machine Masinza # 1 and the

necessary equipments mobilized to the project site, and the drilling
work was started on 13/02/03 EC and completed on 13/03/03 EC.

The drilling operation was carried out using air rotary drilling method
utilizing foam as a drilling fluid. The first 2 meter depth drilled using
13¾" Rock bit and from 2-183m using 10" Hammer bit.

The first 2 meter depth of the borehole cased by 12" retrievable

surface casing to protect collapse at the top during the drilling
operation accomplished.

Drill Cuttings were collected at the mouth of the borehole in 3-meter

interval as the drilling work was carried out to represent the complete
geological characteristics of the formation penetrated.

14 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

During the drilling operation of this borehole, major water strikes

were encountered at the depth of 78-90m, 140-155m & 160-183m.

As revealed from the drill cuttings and the main water strikes, the
major water bearing formation is Weathered and fractured Ignimbrite.

The geological log description of the borehole is shown in the table

bellow:

Depth (m) Type of Formation

0-3 Dark Clay
3-7 Red Clay
3-10 Sandy Clay
10-16 Weathered Ignimbrite
16-37 Red Clay
37-43 Sand
43-58 Red Clay
58-76 Clay with Ignimbrite
76-94 Weathered Ignimbrite
94-127 Weathered & Fractured Ignimbrite
127-135 Ignimbrite
135-147 Sand & Ignimbrite
147-177 Sand
177-183 Sand & Gravel
15 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21
South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Table-1

3. Casing Installation

16 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

The well is cased with 6⅝ inch blind & screen steel casing in order
to support sides of the well. Screen casing are installed to allow the
water into the casing and installed at depth identified as water
bearing zone.

Detail of casing arrangement is illustrated below.

Depth (M ) Type of casing

0- 96 Blind
96 - 108 Screen
108- 138 Blind
138- 144 Screen
144- 150 Blind
150- 162 Screen
162- 168 Blind
168- 180 Screen
180- 183 Blind

Table-2

4. Gravel packing & well development

17 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

The annular space between the borehole wall and casing is back filled
with selected rounded and uniform size (3- 5 mm) basaltic river
gravel. Gravel packing is used to filter the water from silt material.

The well is developed for 12 hours employing air jet method until the
required water purity acquired. Finally for sanitary protection, up to 2
meter depth cement grouting was done above the gravel and well head
(concrete mix) was constructed around on the top of well at ground as
per the specification of the well.

5. Pumping Test

The objective of the pumping test is to evaluate production capacity of

the well, the aquifers and to decide on the capacity & position of the
production pump. Moreover, the results of the pumping test are of
great value to be used in the well operation and maintenance.
Following the development works, pumping test was conducted for 24
hours and the necessary data are recorded.

5.1 Equipments and Instruments used for the pumping

test operation
18 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21
South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

 300 m head, 5 L/Sec discharge, power output 22kw submersible

pump.

 85 kva generator with appropriate switch board.

5.2 Data Collection and Acquisition

Constant pumping rate 7.0 L/sec was registered for the whole 24
hours as shown from the data collection sheet, where progressive
changes in water level recorded following the time specified. With the
given discharging rates & time the water level reached at 130.66
meter with total draw down of 32.69 meter with reference to the SWL
97.97 meter.

Pumping test data including recovery measurement and graphical

presentation are also annexed to the final pages of the report.

6. Interpretation and Evaluation

19 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Based on pumping test and recovery data, the following hydraulic

parameters are computed:

Specific Capacity is the yield per unit of draw down and determine by
dividing the pumping rate (discharge) by the total drawdown.

Specific Capacity (Sc.)

Sc = Q Tdd

Where
 Q( discharge) = 7.0L/sec =420L/min
 Tdd - Total draw down = 32.69 m

Sc = 420 L/min = 12.85L/min/m

32.69 m

Safe yield (Sy) The estimation of the safe yield of the well with the
following relationship gives a reasonable value since we consider
major parameters that have the direct impact on the potentiality of
the well
20 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21
South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

( Sy ) = Specific capacity x Available head x Safety factor (70%)

Available Head (mts) = Depth of the Well- Top of aquifer

( Sy ) = 12.85L/min/m´ 70m x 0.7

= 629.65 l/min = 10.49 l/sec

Hydraulic analysis – Based on the raw data of pump test collected

at field that stated on the attached annexes analysis is made with a
help of Aquitest soft ware the methods of analysis chosen are
cooper and JACOB time draw down method, Theis analysis method
confined aquifer and Theis & Jacob analyses for recovery test.

The important hydraulic analysis results stated on the curve

annexes attached summarized below.

Time draw down method after cooper and JACOB

Transmissivity Hydraulic Storativity

Conductivity
8.55 x 10 -3 2.03 x 10 - 4 7.68 x 10 3
M2/min M/min
Table-3

Theis analysis method confined aquifer

Transmissivity Hydraulic Storativity
Conductivity
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South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

8.38 x 10 -3 1.99 x 10 – 4 8.97 x 10 3

M2/min M/min
Table-4
Recovery method after Theis and JACOB
Transmissivity Hydraulic
Conductivity
8.86 x 10 –3
2.11 x 10 – 4
M2/min M/min
Table-5

Recovery measurement was taken after pumping has been stopped for
1080 minutes and during this time the water level recovered up to
95.15 meter. The percentage of recovery can be estimated by the
following relationship

Recovery Percentage = Last Reading of PWL – Recovery of WL x100

Total draw down

= 130.66 m – 99.44m x 100

32.69m

= 95.50 %

7. Conclusions and Recommendations

7.1Conclusions

22 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

 The major water bearing formation is weathered and fractured

Ignimbrite.
 The constant rate-pumping test of discharge 7.0l/s was carried
out for twenty-four hours duration and the dynamic water level
at 130.66meter with a total draw dawn of 32.69 meter was
registered.
 More than 95 percent of the water was recovered with in 24
hours after pumping stop.

7.2 Recommendations

 The pumping test shows, the discharge of the borehole is 7.0l/s.

But, the safe yield of the well is 10 l/s. Hence; the well can be
pumped at much greater discharge than the pumping test.

 Inorder to obtain optimum output from the well, it is advisable

to install the pump with a discharge of 10 l/s at a depth of 166
meter.

23 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)
 Well Completion Report on Worabe Boreholes

Appendixes and Graphical Presentations

24 220 - 25 - 65 Fax (046) 220 - 25 - 63 P.O, Box 21

South Water Works Construction Enterprise Tel (046) 220- 94 - 66 (046)