Page-120, Problem-12: From the following frequency distribution Calculate:

(a)  Arithmetic Mean: (i) Direct Method (ii) Short Cut Method, (b) Median (c) Mode
Monthly Rent Frequencies (f)
200 - 400 6
400 - 600 9
600 - 800 11
800 - 1000 14
1000 - 1200 20
1200 - 1400 15
1400 - 1600 10
1600 - 1800 8
1800 - 2000 7
Solution:
Monthly Rent Frequencies (f) X (Mid point) d= (X-A)/i fd

200 - 400 6 300 -4 -24

400 - 600 9 500 -3 -27
600 - 800 11 700 -2 -22
800 - 1000 14 900 -1 -14
1000 - 1200 20 1100 0 0
1200 - 1400 15 1300 1 15
1400 - 1600 10 1500 2 20
1600 - 1800 8 1700 3 24
1800 - 2000 7 1900 4 28
100 0 0
∑ N = 100 ∑ fd = 0

Let Assumed Mean (A) = 1100 i= 200

(a) Arithmetic Mean : (i) Direct Method  :

(ii) Short Cut Method =

(b) Median = Size of N/2th item = (100/2) = 50th item , which lies in the class interval of (1000-1200) .
1,100

(c ) Mode: As the highest frequency is 20; so the mode lies in the class interval of (1000-1200 ).

1,209.09 (Ans)

Page-120, Problem-14: Calculate Geometric mean of the following price relatives:

Commodity Price Relative Commodity Price Relative

Wheat 237 Sugar 234
Rice 198 Salt 107
Pulses 158 Oils 196
Solution:

Commodity Price Relative(X) Log X

Wheat 237 2.3747
Rice 198 2.2967
Pulses 158 2.1987
Sugar 234 2.3692
Salt 107 2.0294
Oils 196 2.2923
∑ Log X = 13.5609

Page-120, Problem-17: The following table gives the daily wages ( in taka) in a certain commercial organization :

Daliy Wages Daliy Wages No of

(Tk). No of workers (Tk). workers
30-32 2 40-42 62
32-34 9 42-44 39
34-36 25 44-46 20
36-38 30 46-48 11
38-40 49 48-50 3
Calculate from the above data :
(a) the median and third quartile wages;
(b) the number of wage earners receiving between Tk 37 and Tk. 45.

Solution:

Calculation of Median :
Daliy Wages Cumulative
No of workers( f)
( Tk). frequency (c.f)
30-32 2 2
32-34 9 11
34-36 25 36
36-38 30 66
38-40 49 115
40-42 62 177
42-44 39 216
44-46 20 236
46-48 11 247
48-50 3 250
∑N=250 250 i= 2
(a) We know that ; Median = Size of N/2th item = (250/2) = 125th item , which lies in the class i

40.32 (Ans)
 Again, we know that Q3 = Size of 3N/4 th observation = ( 3⨯250)/4 = 187.5th observation , which lies in the class interval (42-44)
.
42.54 (Ans)

(b) Calculation of Range Frequencies

Target Class Calculations Target Frequencies
37-38 30⨯½ 15
38-40 49 49
40-42 62 62
42-44 39 39
44-45 20⨯ ½ 10
Total 175 (Ans)

Page-120, Problem-18: Six types of workers are employed in each of the two workshops but at different rates of wa

Workshop B
Types of Workshop A (Daily
No of workers (Daily wages No of workers
workers wages per worker)
per worker)

Machine 92.50 2.0 93.00 11.0

Fitter 93.50 14.0 93.00 50.0
Electrician 94.00 20.0 94.25 8.0
Carpenter 93.00 7.0 93.50 10.0
Smith 93.00 6.0 93.50 10.0
Clerk 92.00 1.0 93.50 2.0

In which of the two workshops is the average rate of wages per worker higher and by how much?
Solution:
Calculation of Average Wages
Types of Workshop (A) Workshop (B)
frequency fX
workers Wages (X) Wages (X)
Machine 92.50 2 185.0 93.00
Filter 93.50 14 1,309.0 93.00
Electrician 94.00 20 1,880.0 94.25
Carpenter 93.00 7 651.0 93.50
Smith 93.00 6 558.0 93.50
Clerk 92.00 1 92.0 95.00
Total>> 50 4,675
Average wages
93.50 93.26
(∑fx)/N
So the Workshop A has higher average rate on wages than Workshop B at Tk(93.50-93.26)=Tk 0.24 (An

V.V.I Page-122, Problem-32: From the following table showing the wage distributions in a certain factory, determine:
(a) the mean wage (b) the median wage (c) The modal wage
(d) The wage limits for the middle 50% of the wage earners
(e) The percentage of the workers who earned between Tk.1750 and 2250.
(f) The percentage who earned more than Tk.2500 per week, and
(g) The percentage who earned less than Tk.2000 per week.

Weekly wages Weekly wages No of

No of Employees
(Taka) (Taka) Employees
1200-1400 8 2200-2400 32
1400-1600 12 2400-2600 18
1600-1800 20 2600-2800 7
1800-2000 30 2800-3000 6
2000-2200 40 3000-3200 4

Solution: Calculations of Mean, Median and Mode

Weekly wages Cumulative frequency
No of Employees (f) X (Mid point) fX
(Taka) (c.f)
1200-1400 8 1300 10,400 8
1400-1600 12 1500 18,000 20
1600-1800 20 1700 34,000 40
1800-2000 30 1900 57,000 70
2000-2200 40 2100 84,000 110
2200-2400 32 2300 73,600 142
2400-2600 18 2500 45,000 160
2600-2800 7 2700 18,900 167
2800-3000 6 2900 17,400 173
3000-3200 4 3100 12,400 177
Total>> 177 370,700
∑ N = 177 ∑fX = 370,700
Class interval, i 200

(a) Mean wage (¯X )=(∑f X)/N 2094.35

(b) Median wage L+(N/2-p.c.f)/f × i 177/2=88.5 th item which lies 2000-2200 2,092.50
(c) Modal wage L+(Δ1)/(Δ1+∆2)× i As the highest frequency is 40; so the m 2,111.11
(d) The wage limits for the middle 50% of the wage earners shall be given by Q1 and Q3
For Q1 = Size of N/4th observations = (177/4) = 44.25th observations, which lies in the class interval of (1800-2000)
For Q3 = Size of 3N/4th observations = (3x177/4) = 132.75 th observations, which lies in the class interval of (2200-2400)

So, 1,828.33

and 2,342.19

So the limits for the middle 50% workers is (1828.33 to 2342.20) ( Ans)
(e) The percentage of the workers who earned between Tk.1750 and 2250.
Target Class Calculation Target frequency
1750-1800 (200/50)*20 5
1800-2000 30 30
2000-2200 40 40
2200-2250 (200/50)*32 8
Total>>
So, the percentage of workers who 83
earned between Tk. 175 0 and Tk 2250 46.89% (Ans)
is
(f) The percentage who earned more than Tk.2500 per week, and
Target Class Calculation Target frequency
2400-2600 (100/200)*18 9
2600-2800 7 7
2800-3000 6 6
3000-3200 4 4
Total>> 26
So the percentage of workers who
14.69% (Ans)
earned more than Tk.2500 per week is
(g) The percentage who earned less than Tk.2000 per week.
Target Class Calculation Target frequency
1200-1400 8 8
1400-1600 12 12
1600-1800 20 20
1800-2000 30 30
Total>> 70
So the percentage of workers who
39.55% (Ans)
earned more than Tk.2500 per week is
Page-123, Problem-33: From the following distribution of travel time to work of a firms employees, find the modal

Travel time
Frequency
(In minutes)
Less than 80 218
Less than 70 215
Less than 60 195
Less than 50 156
Less than 40 85
Less than 30 50
Less than 20 18
Less than 10 2

Solution: Calculation of Mode

Travel Time Cumulative
Frequency
(in min) Frequency (C.f)
0-10 2 2
10-20 16 18
20-30 32 50
30-40 35 85
40-50 71 156
50-60 39 195
60-70 20 215
70-80 3 218
Interval, i or c= 10
Here the highest frequency is 71; So the mode Class is (40-50)
So, Mode = L+(Δ1)/(Δ1+∆2)×c 45.294

Page-123, Problem-34: You are given the following incomplete frequency distribution. It is known that the total fr

Sales (Taka
No of Companies
lakhs)
300-325 5
325-350 17
350-375 80
375-400 ?
400-425 326
425-450 ?
450-475 88
475-500 9

Solution : Calculation of Missing Frequency

Cumulative
Sales No. of Companies (f)
Frequency (C.f)
300-325 5 5
325-350 17 22
350-375 80 102
375-400 ? 102+f1
400-425 326 428+ f1
425-450 ? 428+ f1+ f2
450-475 88 516+ f1+ f2
475-500 9 525+ f1+ f2
∑ N = 1000

Median = N/2th items = (1000/2)= 500 item, which lies the class interval of (400-425)

or, 413.11=400+(500-(102+f1)/326)*25
or, 13.11=12500-(2550+25f1)/326
or, 4,273.86=9950-25f1
or, 25f1=5,676.14
So, f1=227 (Ans)

We know that; 525+ f1+ f2 = 1000

ð 525+227+f2 = 1000
ð f2 = 248 [Ans:]

Calculation of Mode
Cumulative
Sales No. of Companies (f)
Frequency (C.f)
300-325 5 5
325-350 17 22
350-375 80 102
375-400 227 329
400-425 326 655
425-450 248 903
450-475 88 991
475-500 9 1000
∑ N = 1000

As the highest frequency is 326, the Mode lies in the class interval of (400-425)

413.98 (Ans)

Page-123, Problem-35: (a) In a certain office a letter is typed by A in 4 minutes. The same letter is typed by B, C
What is the average time in completing one letter? How many letters do you expect to be typed in one day comp
(b) For an income distribution of a group of men, 20 pc of men have income below Tk. 3500; 35 pc below Tk 75

Solution :
a)   The Harmonic mean is: H.M =

5.58 (Ans)
In 9 hours i.e. in (9x60)= 540 minutes letter typed will be (540/5.58) = 97 (Ans)
(b) Here Q1 and Q2 indicate N/2th item which is 50% of N. Also the average of Q1 and Q3 is ( )=(
Wages (Given) F C.f (Given)
0-35 20 20
35-75 15 35
75-175 25 60
175-250 20 80
above 250 20 100
100
 135 (Ans)

Page-115, Illustration-36: Calculate the Arithmetic mean and the Median of the frequency distribution given below
Heights No of
No of students Heights (in cms)
(in cms) students
130-134 5 150-154 17
135-139 15 155-159 10
140-144 28 160-164 1
145-149 24

Solution :
Need to use correction factor to convert from inclusive to exclusive
Correction Factor =
Calculation of Arithmetic Mean and Median
Monthly Rent Frequencies (f) X (Mid point) d= (X-A)/i fd

129.5-134.5 5 132 -3 -15

134.5-139.5 15 137 -2 -30
139.5-144.5 28 142 -1 -28
144.5-149.5 24 147 0 0
149.5-154.5 17 152 1 17
154.5-159.5 10 157 2 20
159.5-164.5 1 162 3 3
∑ 100 0 -33

Let Assumed Mea 147 i= 5

We know that; Arithmetic Mean (Short Cut Method):

A.M (Direct Method), 145.35 (Ans)

Now; Median = Size of N/2th item = (100/2) = 50th observation, which lies in the class interval of (144.5-149.5)

144.917 (Ans)

Using the Empirical relation; Mode = 3 Median ̶-2 Mean 144.05

 Cumulative
fX
frequency (c.f)
1,800 6
4,500 15
7,700 26
12,600 40
22,000 60
19,500 75
15,000 85
13,600 93
13,300 100
110,000
∑fX =
110000

1,100 (Ans)

1,100 (Ans)

of (1000-1200) .
(Ans)
 182.035

ommercial organization :

which lies in the class interval of (40-42)

 e class interval (42-44)

but at different rates of wages as follows

how much?

frequency fX
11 1,023.0
50 4,650.0
8 754.0
10 935.0
10 935.0
2 190.0
91 8,487

93.50-93.26)=Tk 0.24 (Ans)

rtain factory, determine:

employees, find the modal travel time
t is known that the total frequency is 1000 and that the median is 413.11. Estimate by calculations the missing frequencies and find
same letter is typed by B, C and D in 5,6,10 minutes respectively.
be typed in one day comprising 9 working hours?
k. 3500; 35 pc below Tk 7500, 60 pc below Tk. 17500 and 80 pc below Tk. 25000; the first and third quartile are Tk. 5500 and T

Q3 is ( )=( ) = 127.5th observation which indicated that the median wages lies in the class interval of (75-175), bec
ncy distribution given below. Hence calculate the Mode using the empirical relation between the three

0.5

Cumulative
fX
frequency (c.f)
660 5
2,055 20
3,976 48
3,528 72
2,584 89
1,570 99
162 100
14,535

145.35 (Ans)

s interval of (144.5-149.5)

(Ans)
missing frequencies and find the value of mode
quartile are Tk. 5500 and Tk. 20000. Put the above information in cumulative frequency distribution and find the median

ass interval of (75-175), because observation 127.5 stands in the wages class interval (75-175)
find the median