San Miguel National High School

Visita San Miguel Island, Tabaco City

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Dressmaking 9, Quarter 1, Module 1
Introductory Concept:
This DRESSMAKING course leads to National Certificate Level II. This is designed for Grade 9 student
to develop competencies: plans, designs and sews sleeping garments and children’s wear. It discusses and
explains the tools, materials and equipment used in the making of desired products. It also demonstrates
different techniques and processes which will guide the learner in developing the skills and knowledge to work
effectively and efficiently.
Information Sheet
Lesson 1: Produce Sleeping Garments
Objectives:
At the end of the module, the learner is expected to:
1. plan, design and sew sleeping garments and children’s wear;
2. apply finishing touches on sleeping garments and children’s wear; and
3. pack the finished garments attractively.

Lesson 1.1 Principles and Elements of Design

The personality of the wearer shows the kind of image she projects. Personalities differ depending on
the kind of clothing people wear. Most introvert persons prefer clothes of simple yet classical cut with pastel or
light colors. Extroverts, on the other hand are creative, artistic, expressive and energetic. Hence, they prefer
clothing that is comfortable, attractive and fashionable. They can wear all kinds of clothing of varied style,
colors and design with confidence.
No matter who and what we are, we must be well-groomed every day to be attractive and to project a
pleasing personality. Designs in our clothes add interest and beauty. Design in fabric refers to a pattern or
figure that is printed on it. There are two basic ways which design is applied: a. design by printing; and b.
design by weaving.
a. Design by Printing is the use of dye or ink on the surface of the fabric. They are called “prints”. They
are often attractive because variety of colors can be combined. When designs are printed all over the
fabric, it is called “all-over print”.
b. Designs by Weaving are permanent because of the “color-fast dyes” as the fabric is woven. They
maybe in solid or in combination colors woven to form special designs. Designs such as stripes use
more colors of yarn and will always be straight because they form “grain line” on the fabric. When
horizontal lines cross vertical lines to form rectangles or square, it is called plaid. When the design is
formed by mixing certain colors of nappy yarns to have speckled effects, it is called “tweeds”.
To understand better how to consider designs and colors in buying fabrics let us review the following
principles and elements of design.

Principles of Design
1. Proportion is the relationship in size between various parts and the whole. Fashion designing is a creative
expression. Exact mathematical proportions are not required as long as what you design is visually
pleasing and in accordance with the size, shape, and height of the bearer.

According to some artists, normal humans are usually 7-8 times the height of their heads, meaning you
can use the height of the head as a unit of measurement to give the “lay lines” for the parts of your body.
Example for adult figure above labeled for 7.5 heads tall.
Try to measure the proportion of your body.
2. Balance is the arrangement of a design on a space resulting to sense of
equilibrium. It is the equal distribution of weight from a central point or
area. There are three kinds of visual balance. They are the formal or
symmetrical balance, informal or asymmetrical balance and radial
balance.
a. Formal or symmetrical balance is the equal visual weight of each side
of an imaginary central vertical line. It is achieved when each half of
an object is exactly like the other. A jacket with two breast pockets
and two hip pockets is formally balanced.
b. Informal or asymmetrical balance is when the design is balanced, but
each side is different in some way. It is achieved when the two halves
of a whole are different, but seem to be equal in weight or emphasis.
For example, a jacket with a breast pocket on one side can be
balanced by a pocket on the hip of the opposite side.
c. Radial balance is achieved when all parts of the design are at equal
distance from a central point. A man wearing a sun design on the front
of his shirt may have this kind of design.

3. Emphasis is achieved by the designer’s ability to create a center of interest

by which the viewer’s eyes are directed to a specific area of a garment or body part.
4. Rhythm is the repetition of an accent to create an interesting design. Repeating an accent on different
parts of the dress or one part of the dress will achieve a design that is harmonious and visually united.
5. Harmony is the pleasing and congruent arrangement of parts. It is the blending of all components of
design. When the structural lines, decorative lines, colors and accessories all relate to each other
comfortably, harmony results.

Elements of Design
1. Line creates a visual dimension of length and width. When lines meet, space is enclosed and a shape is
defined. Lines direct the eyes to a certain path of vision, or it can draw the eyes away from an undesirable
area of the body. It defines a shape or silhouette and conveys a mood of character.
There are two kinds of lines in garments:
a. The Directional line such as vertical, horizontal, diagonal, checkered, broken and curved. These affect
the height and size of an individual. Lines are serving as clothing designs like the art of printing flowers,
dots and others on fabric.
b. Structural lines are found on necklines, armholes, hemlines, darts, side seams, sleeves, collars, tucks
and pleats of garments.
2. Color is a radiant energy loosely termed light that produces sensation in our eyes. The color of the dress
easily attracts the client’s attention and becomes her basis in choosing her apparel. It is the most powerful
element.

The Color Wheel

A color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the field of art. Sir Isaac Newton
developed the first circular diagram of colors in 1666. Since then, scientists and artists have studied and
designed numerous variations of this concept. Differences of opinion about the validity of one format over
another continue to provoke debate. In reality,
any color circle or color wheel which presents a
logically arranged sequence of pure hues has
merit.

Hue is the other name for color. It is the particular

shade of color that differentiates one from
another.

Primary colors are red, blue and yellow. They are

the basic colors where different colors originated.

Secondary Colors: Green, orange and violet.

These are the colors formed by mixing the
primary colors.
Intermediate Colors stem from the combination of primary and secondary colors.

Tertiary colors are made by mixing either one primary color with one secondary color, or two secondary colors.
Tertiary colors are a combination of full saturation of one primary color plus half saturation of another primary
color and none of a third primary color. They have specific names, one set of names for the RGB color wheel
and a different set of names and colors for the RYB color wheel.
Neutral colors are the white, black and gray and are predominantly grayish and brownish. They are sometimes
called “earth tones.”
Value is the lightness or darkness of color. White added to a color will produce tints. For example, pink is a tint
of red. Black added to a color will produce shades. Maroon is a shade of red.
Intensity or chroma is of a color corresponds to its purity and saturation in a color other than black, white and
gray.

Color Schemes (Color Harmonies):

Monochrome or one color harmony includes only one
color of different value. and intensity. An example of
a monochrome color scheme could include any color
mixed with white, gray, or black.

Adjacent colors (also called analogous colors) uses

colors that neighbor each other on the color wheel.
An example is a color scheme that includes various
values and intensities of reds and oranges.

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel are

called complementary colors for example, violet and
yellow, red and green, and blue and orange.

A single split complementary uses a primary color

plus colors on either side of its complement. An
example is a color scheme that includes various values and intensities of greens, violet-reds and red-oranges.

A double split complementary (also called tetradic) uses two pairs of complements, one apart on the color
wheel. An example is red, green, orange, and blue.

A triad uses colors at the points of an equilateral triangle (three colors spaced equally on the color wheel).
These are sometimes called balanced colors. An example of a triadic scheme could be red, blue, and yellow;
green, orange, and purple, etc.

Psychological Effects of Colors on People

 Colors bring life to us. Our looks and feelings are sometimes mirrored by our selection of colors. When
we choose colors, it reveals our personality. They make us feel and look happy or pretty and sometimes make
us look sad or ugly. Which of the colors below signifies the real you? Which one is your favorite?

 White makes us feel clean and fresh. White connotes innocence and purity.
 Red makes us feel bold and daring. Red connotes passion and bravery.
 Yellow makes us feel joyful. It also connotes cowardice and treachery.
 Blue represents truth, loyalty, calmness and wisdom. Deep blue could also make us feel depressed.
 Green suggests life and abundance as this is the color of plants, but green could also suggest
jealousy.
 Purple is the color of royalty, but it can also symbolize suffering.
 Orange is a warm color that suggests deliciousness and ripeness. Eateries, especially fast food joints
use orange with a touch of green to stimulate appetite.
 Black suggests strength and dignity and is usually worn for formal evening affairs. Black also
symbolizes mourning and death.

3. Space is the area inside an enclosed shape. The use of space can lead to an interesting design. But the
overuse of a space could make the design confusing while an empty space could be unattractive and
boring.
4. Form or shape refers to the form of a person showing the curves of the body. This includes the shape of
the face, neckline and the full body or figure.
Form – is a volume space enclosed a surface.
Shape – is simply a flat space enclosed by a line.
5. Texture is the surface quality of an object, rough, smooth, silky, etc.

Learning Activity 1
Directions: Identify the word(s) that best describes the following statements. Write your in a separate sheet of
paper.
__________1. The kind of design that creates a center of interest.
__________2. The repetition of accent that creates an interesting design.
__________3. An element of design which easily attracts the attention of the client and becomes the basis in
choosing her apparel.
__________4. It refers to the lightness and darkness of a color.
__________5. It is the other name for color.
__________6. They are the basic colors.
__________7. The combination of primary and secondary colors.
__________8. The color which suggests strength and dignity and symbolizes mourning and death.
__________9. A warm color that suggests deliciousness and ripeness.
__________10. A color which makes us feel bold and daring. It connotes passion and bravery.

Performance Task 1
Directions: Draw your ideal sleeping garment in a short-sized bond paper applying the principles and elements
of design. Explain briefly what elements and principles of design you applied in your work.

Reference:
 Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9 Home Economics – Dressmaking Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2014

Prepared by:

IRISH JANE B. TABELISMA

T-I, TLE Teacher