GEN CHEM CHEMICAL FORMULA and NAMING OF COMPOUNDS

COMPOUNDS are
generally represented with

a chemical formula.
Recall: Compounds
It is a substance made up of two or more different chemical
elements combined in a fixed ratio.
Some examples of compounds are:
Carbon dioxide,
METHANE, CH4 Water, H2O
CO2
Learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural
formulas, and model;
• Name the similarities and differences between the empirical
formula and molecular formula of a compound; and
• Recognize the formulas of some common chemical substances.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Writing chemical formulas is a way of
expressing in symbols the elements
present in a compound.
Chemical Formula
Structural Formula Empirical Formula
Indicates how the atoms - Shows the simplest form

are arranged and of atomic ratio in a
bonded chemically. chemical compound.
Molecular Formula
- A formula that shows the

number of atoms per
element present in a
compound.
How am I going to
represent a Chemical
formula?
Know the LEWIS
STRUCTURE FIRST!
Lewis structure: The Octet Rule
● It is a diagram that shows the covalent bonds and lone electron
pairs in a molecule.
● It is a structural representation of a molecule where dots are used
to show electron positions around the atoms and lines or dot pairs
represent covalent bonds between atoms.
How It Works?
It is based on the concept of the octet rule, in which atoms share
electrons so that each atom has eight electrons in its outer shell.
Examples
Steps in writing Lewis structure:
1) Determine how many valence electrons each atom in the
molecule has.
2) If a molecule has more than one type of atom, the most
metallic or least electronegative atom goes in the center.
3) Arrange electrons so each atom contributes one electron
to form a single bond between each atom.
4) Finally, count the electrons around each atom. If each has
eight or an octet, then the octet is complete.
Reminders:
● In determining the number of valence electron, use your periodic
table and look at the group number. This group number
represents the valence electron present in every atom.
● For the electronegativity, locate the value of EN [Use your
periodic table.]
Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the
tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons
toward itself.
Electronegativity, EN
The higher the
value of EN,
the higher the
chance to
attract the
electrons
towards itself.
Group number in the periodic table
Now let’s apply the
rules in Lewis
structure.
3. Make sure the central atoms are octet. If it is completed, then
your done.
After connecting the dots, let’s figure out the structure of the
molecule.
3D-Model Skeletal structure

Methane is an odorless, colorless, flammable
gas. It is used primarily as fuel to make heat
and light.
3. Make sure the central atoms are octet. If it is

completed, then your done.
molecule.
3D-Model Skeletal structure

Ammonia uses: manufacture of plastics,
explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other
chemicals.

molecule.
Skeletal Structure 3D-Model

The fabrication industry uses acetylene for many
major applications (steel, machines).
Acetylene is a component of a medical gas
indicated for lung function testing.
Skeletal Structure

molecule.
What is the
empirical
formula:
CH
3D-Model
NAMING and WRITING
IONIC and MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
• Name the compounds given their formula;

• Write the formulas given the names of
compounds;
• Write the chemical formulas of ionic compounds;
• Name ionic compounds from formulas;
There are certain rules to follow
when naming compounds.
❖ Naming ionic compounds
An ionic compound is a neutrally-charged compound that contains a cation
(positive-charged ion), and anion (negatively charged ion).
o Cations are metallic.
o Anions are non-metallic.
1. Name the metal.
2. If the cation has more than one oxidation state, the following rules apply:
a. Name the metal.
b. Indicate the charge of the metal cation using Roman numerals and enclose it in
parentheses or use suffixes -ous and -ic.
3. If the anion is monoatomic, add the suffix -ide to the root of the name of the nonmetal.
Monoatomic = 1 atom only.
4. If the anion is polyatomic, use the name of the anion. A polyatomic anion is made up of
more than one atom of different elements.
Example 1
Formula:
Metal + non-metal (add -ide) = name of the ionic compound
1. KCl: K, Potassium (metal) + Cl, Chlorine (non-metal)

Potassium Chloride
2. NaOH: Na, Sodium (metal) + OH, Hydroxyl (non-metal)

Sodium Hydroxide
Note:
Example 2
Polyatomic ions
Note:
If the compound
contains a metal and a
polyatomic ion, both the
metal and the polyatomic
ion are written without any
changes to their names.
Example 3
❖ Naming molecular compounds
● A molecular compound is No. Prefix
composed of nonmetallic 1 mono-
elements. 2 di-
3 tri-
Rules in naming compounds: 4 tetra-
5 penta-
1. Use prefixes for both
6 hexa-
elements in the compound to
7 hepta-
indicate the number of atom for
each element present in the 8 octa-
compound. 9 nona-
10 deca-
❖ Naming molecular compounds
Example:
Chemical Chemical name
2. Add the suffix-ide to Formula
the root of the name of SF6 Sulfur hexaflouride
the second element. P 2S 3 Diphosphorous
trisulfide
CF4 Carbon tetraflouride
Let’s check your understanding!
Look at the table below and provide the chemical name or chemical formula
for each column.
Naming ionic compound Naming molecular compound
CaS
Iron (II) chloride
Aluminum nitrate Dichlorine heptaoxide

30 mins
WORKSHEET NO. 2
Atoms Molecules Ions Isotopes Compounds Particles

ENRICHMENT!
Share your insight:

Why is it important to have standard rules in
naming compounds and writing chemical
formulas? Minimum of four (4) sentences.
Write your answers in a ¼ sheet of paper.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
TIME.

GEN CHEM CHEMICAL FORMULA and NAMING OF COMPOUNDS

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COMPOUNDS are

generally represented with

Indicates how the atoms - Shows the simplest form

- A formula that shows the

3D-Model Skeletal structure

3. Make sure the central atoms are octet. If it is

3D-Model Skeletal structure

3. Make sure the central atoms are octet. If it is

Skeletal Structure 3D-Model

3. Make sure the central atoms are octet. If it is

• Name the compounds given their formula;

1. KCl: K, Potassium (metal) + Cl, Chlorine (non-metal)

2. NaOH: Na, Sodium (metal) + OH, Hydroxyl (non-metal)

Naming ionic compound Naming molecular compound

Iron (II) chloride

Aluminum nitrate Dichlorine heptaoxide

Atoms Molecules Ions Isotopes Compounds Particles

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