WIRED LAN

A local Area Network (LAN) is a data communication network

connecting various terminals or computers within a building or
limited geographical area. The connection among the devices
could be wired or wireless. Ethernet, Token Ring and Wireless
LAN using IEEE 802.11 are examples of standard LAN
technologies. 
Ethernet:- 
Ethernet is the most widely used LAN technology, which is
defined under IEEE standards 802.3. The reason behind its wide
usability is Ethernet is easy to understand, implement,
maintain, and allows low-cost network implementation. Also,
Ethernet offers flexibility in terms of topologies that are
allowed. Ethernet generally uses Bus Topology. Ethernet
operates in two layers of the OSI model, Physical Layer, and
Data Link Layer. For Ethernet, the protocol data unit is Frame
since we mainly deal with DLL. In order to handle collision, the
Access control mechanism used in Ethernet is CSMA/CD. 
Manchester Encoding Technique is used in Ethernet. 
 
Since we are talking about IEEE 802.3 standard Ethernet,
therefore, 0 is expressed by a high-to-low transition, a 1 by the
low-to-high transition. In both Manchester Encoding and
Differential Manchester, the Encoding Baud rate is double of bit
rate. 
Advantages of Ethernet:
Speed: When compared to a wireless connection, Ethernet
provides significantly more speed. Because Ethernet is a one-
to-one connection, this is the case. As a result, speeds of up to
10 Gigabits per second (Gbps) or even 100 Gigabits per second
(Gbps) are possible.
Efficiency: An Ethernet cable, such as Cat6, consumes less
electricity, even less than a wifi connection. As a result, these
ethernet cables are thought to be the most energy-efficient.
Good data transfer quality: Because it is resistant to noise, the
information transferred is of high quality.
Ethernet LANs consist of network nodes and interconnecting
media or links. The network nodes can be of two types: 
Data Terminal Equipment (DTE):- Generally, DTEs are the end
devices that convert the user information into signals or
reconvert the received signals. DTEs devices are: personal
computers, workstations, file servers or print servers also
referred to as end stations. These devices are either the source
or the destination of data frames. The data terminal equipment
may be a single piece of equipment or multiple pieces of
equipment that are interconnected and perform all the
required functions to allow the user to communicate. A user
can interact with DTE or DTE may be a user. 
Data Communication Equipment (DCE):- DCEs are the
intermediate network devices that receive and forward frames
across the network. They may be either standalone devices
such as repeaters, network switches, routers, or maybe
communications interface units such as interface cards and
modems. The DCE performs functions such as signal
conversion, coding, and maybe a part of the DTE or
intermediate equipment. 
Currently, these data rates are defined for operation over
optical fibres and twisted-pair cables: 
i) Fast Ethernet 
Fast Ethernet refers to an Ethernet network that can transfer
data at a rate of 100 Mbit/s. 
ii) Gigabit Ethernet 
Gigabit Ethernet delivers a data rate of 1,000 Mbit/s (1 Gbit/s). 
iii) 10 Gigabit Ethernet 
10 Gigabit Ethernet is the recent generation and delivers a data
rate of 10 Gbit/s (10,000 Mbit/s). It is generally used for
backbones in high-end applications requiring high data rates. 

IEEE Standards: is a collection of networking standards

that cover the physical and data-link layer specifications for
technologies such as Ethernet and wireless. These
specifications apply to local area networks (LAN) and
metropolitan area networks (MAN). IEEE 802 also aids in
ensuring multi-vendor interoperability by promoting standards
for vendors to follow.
Essentially, the IEEE 802 standards help make sure internet
services and technologies follow a set of recommended
practices so network devices can all work together smoothly.
IEEE 802 is divided into 22 parts that cover the physical
and data-link aspects of networking. The family of standards is
developed and maintained by the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards
Committee, also called the LMSC. IEEE stands for Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
The set of standards started in 1979 with a "local network for
computer interconnection" standard, which was approved a
year later. The LMSC has made more than 70 standards for IEEE
802. 
Some commonly used standards include those for Ethernet,
bridging and virtual bridged LANs, wireless LAN, wireless PAN,
MAN and radio access networks as well as media independent
handover services.
Examples of IEEE 802 uses
The IEEE 802 specifications can be used by commercial
organizations to ensure their products maintain any newly
specified standards. So, for example, the 802.11 specification
that applies to Wi-Fi could be used to make sure Wi-Fi devices
work together under one standard. In the same way, IEE 802
can help maintain local area network standards.