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Unit 1 Lecture 3 Cadam

Geometric modelling in CAD involves the mathematical description of an object's geometry. This includes graphical and non-graphical information in a complete representation. The mathematical description allows the object's image to be displayed and manipulated. Geometric modelling represents both an object's shape and dimension through geometry, as well as its connectivity and associativity through topology. It has applications such as evaluating properties, finite element analysis, visualization, and interference checking in assemblies.

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114 views

Unit 1 Lecture 3 Cadam

Geometric modelling in CAD involves the mathematical description of an object's geometry. This includes graphical and non-graphical information in a complete representation. The mathematical description allows the object's image to be displayed and manipulated. Geometric modelling represents both an object's shape and dimension through geometry, as well as its connectivity and associativity through topology. It has applications such as evaluating properties, finite element analysis, visualization, and interference checking in assemblies.

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Mohd Inayath
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEOMETRIC MODELLING

◦ In CAD, Geometric modelling is


concerned with the computer compatible
mathematical description of the geometry
of an object. It includes complete
representation that includes both
graphical and non-graphical information
of an object.

◦ The mathematical description allows the


image of the object to be displayed and
manipulated on a graphic terminal.
Geometrical modelling is Complete part representation including geometry and topology.

Geometry: Shape and dimension


Topology: The connectivity and associativity of object entity.
Geometric Modelling
Steps to Create Geometric Model
The applications of geometric modelling are:
1. Evaluation of geometrical properties, such as, Centroid, Cross Sectional Area,
Surface Area, Volume.
2. Evaluation of mass properties, such as, mass, density, inertia.
3. Finite element analysis and optimisation.
4. Volume visualisation.
5. Animation of graphics.
6. Interference checking in assemblies.
7. Analysis of tolerance build-up in assemblies.
8. Analysis of kinematics, mechanics and robotics.
9. Automatic assembly.
10.Generation of NC code etc.
11.Computer aided inspection and control.
PROPERTIES OF GEOMETRIC MODELLING (SOLIDS) SYSTEM

1. The configuration of geometric model must stay invariant with regard to


its location and orientation.
2. The solid must have an interior and exterior, but not isolated parts.
3. The solid must be finite and occupy only a finite shape.
4. The application of a transformation or other operation that adds or
removes parts must produce another solid.
5. The model of the solid in Euler space may contain infinite number of
points. However, it must have a finite number of surfaces, which can be
described.
6. The boundary of the solid must uniquely identify which part of the solid is
exterior and which is interior.
Classification of geometric models
The geometric models are classified on the basis of geometric
construction.
a) 2D; Drawing in 2D
b) 2 ½ D; limited 3rd dimension.
c) 3D;

3D is further divided into;


1. Wireframe model or line model,
2. Surface model,
3. Solid model,
Comparison of the different modelling methods
WIRE FRAME MODELLING

Wire frame modelling is representation of edge of an object. In wireframe


modelling object is displayed by inter connecting lines. Wireframe models are
known as line models.
Wire frame model consists of points, lines, arcs & circles, conics and curves.
Wire frame models are simple to construct and require less computer time and
memory. However, user needs to prepare input data. This method is extension
of drafting or 2D (Difficult than solid modelling). The wireframe model can be
used for simple NC tool path generation. Wire frame models are the basis for
surface models.
The following are the disadvantages:
✓ Complex parts are difficult to show and visualise in wire frame
modelling.
✓ Wire frame models are considered lengthy when compared to
solid model.
✓ These cannot be used for finite element modelling
Both topological and geometrical data is needed for wire frame
models and only geometric data is needed for solid models.
WIRE FRAME ENTITIES

All CAD / CAM systems provide users with basic wire frame
Entities which can be divided into analytical and synthetic Entities.

Analytical Entities: Objects can be represented by simple


mathematical equations (fixed) of lines, circles and conics
A. Points
B. Lines
C. Arcs and Circles
D. Conics
Synthetic Entities: These are interpolated curve which is
drawn by interpolating given data points and has a fixed
form and dictated by the given data points (flexible).

1) Cubic Spline
2) B – Spline
3) β (beta) – Spline
4)  (nu)- Spline
5) Bezier curves
6) NURBS
NURBS
Method of defining
Analytical Entities:

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