IPT1 Chapter 2

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Chapter 2:

Integration Models,
Methods and
Challenges
PREPARED BY: RENGEL V. CORPUZ
rvcorpuz@tsu.edu.ph
defines how applications will be
integrated by defining the nature of
and mechanisms for integration.

Integration
Models
Methods used for application
integration
Presentation Data Function
integration integration integration
Presentation allows the integration of new software through
the existing presentations of the legacy
software.
integration This is typically used to create a new user
interface but may be used to integrate with
other applications.
Data allows the integration of software through
access to the data that is created, managed
and stored by the software typically for the
integration purposes of reusing or synchronizing data
across applications.
Functional allows the integration of software for the
purpose of invoking existing functionality from
other new or existing applications.
integration The integration is done through interfaces to
the software.
Some of the challenges of integration:
Network unreliability
Fundamental Distributed systems
Challenges of Slow networks and

Integration Heterogeneity
Modification complexity
Integration solutions have to transport data
Network is from one computer to another across networks.

unreliable Often times, two systems to be integrated are


separated by continents and data between
them has to travel through phone-lines, LAN
segments, routers, switches, public networks,
and satellite links.
Distributed in the worst case, every application runs on a
separate environment, e.g., database storage is
not shared among applications.
Message- based communication is the only
possibility to exchange information.
Networks are Sending data across a network is multiple
orders of magnitude slower than making a local
method call.
slow
Any two Integration solutions need to transmit
information between systems that use
different programming languages, operating
applications platforms, and data formats.

are different. An integration solution needs to be able to


interface with all these different technologies
Heterogeneous Each application implements its own data
model.
Integrative Technologies/methods for
integration

Application integration is an integration framework composed of a collection of


technologies and services which form a middleware or "middleware framework" to
enable the integration of systems and applications across organizations.
Four Methods used in Application Integration
File Transfer
Shared Database
Remote Procedure Invocation
Messaging
File Transfer

One application writes a file that another later read. The applications
need to agree on the filename and location, the format of the file, the
timing of when it will be written and read, and who will delete the file.
Shared Database

Multiple applications share the same database schema, located in a


single physical database. Because there is no duplicate data storage, no
data must be transferred from one application to the other.
Remote Procedure Invocation

One application exposes some of its functionality so that it can be


accessed remotely by other applications as a remote procedure.
The communication occurs real-time and synchronously.
Messaging

One application publishes a message to a common message channel.


Other applications can read the message from the channel at a later time.
The applications must agree on a channel as well as the format of the
message. The communication is asynchronous.
All of the four approaches solve essentially the same problem in integration;
each style has its distinct advantages and disadvantages.
In fact, applications may integrate using multiple styles such that each point
of integration takes advantage of the style that suits it best.
Messaging

Message is transmitted in five steps:


Create
Send
Deliver  
Receive
Process
Two important messaging concepts:

Send and forget


in step 2, the sending application sends the message to the message
channel.
Once that send is complete, the sender can go on to other work while the
messaging system transmits the message in the background.
The sender can be confident that the receiver will eventually receive the
message and does not have to wait until that happens.
Two important messaging concepts:

Store and forward


in step 2, when the sending application sends the message to the message
channel, the messaging system stores the message on the
sender’s computer, either in memory or on disk.
In step 3, the messaging system delivers the message by forwarding it from
the sender’s computer to the receiver’s computer, and then stores the
message once again on the receiver’s computer.
This store-and-forward process may be repeated many times, as the message
is moved from one computer to another until it reaches the receiver’s
computer.
Simulation Question

What is the importance of Software integration?

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