Philosophy: The Holistic

and Partial Perspective

Module in Introduction
to the Philosophy of the Human
Person-Grade 12

First Quarter-Module 1

https://cutt.ly/KfPugR2

JULIUS CAESAR D. MACUSI, LPT, MAT

Developer

Department of Education ● Schools Division of Tabuk City

i
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TABUK
City Hall Compound, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Published by the:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the
Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit.”
This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) - Learning Resource Management and
Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for educational purposes
and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating
an edited version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted
provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No
work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division

particularly the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit,
Department of Education, Schools Division of Tabuk City which is in response to
the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This learning material is a property of the Department of Education – CID,

Schools Division of Tabuk City. It aims to facilitate the learning of students on
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.

Date of Development : June 2020

Resource Location : Agbannawag National High School
Eastern Tabuk District III
Schools Division of Tabuk City
Learning Area : Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person
Grade Level : 12
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : First Quarter/ Week 1
Learning Competencies/Code : Distinguish a holistic perspective from a
partial point of view

(PPT11/12-Ia-1.1)

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer acknowledges borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories,

poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module
which are owned by their respective copyright holders.

He also wishes to express his gratitude to those who helped in the

development of this module:

To CAROLINE O. TORRES, Principal II of Agbannawag NHS, whose

leadership stirs one to be more productive and learner-centered;

To BEATRICE M. DINANOG, Asst. Principal II of Agbannawag NHS,

whose direction and encouragement inspires the developer to make this module;

To EFRENIA A. DAWAGAN, Science Department Head, whose

mentoring and supervision gave more encouragement to the developer; and,

To all the learners out there; who served as propeller for the teachers in
developing these modules but most especially to God for without Him nothing is
possible.
DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Developer: JULIUS CAESAR D. MACUSI

Editors: TEOFILA P. AGSUNOD, Librarian II

LORIET L. IYADAN, Project Development Officer II
Illustrator: ROXANNE MAE A. SANGDAAN
Reviewers: CAROLINE O. TORRES, School Head
BEATRICE M. DINANOG, Assistant Principal
EMILY B. LANGKIT, PSDS-ETD 3
THELMA B. GALICIA, EPS-Araling Panlipunan

MANAGEMENT TEAM

IRENE S. ANGWAY, PhD, CESO VI

Officer – In- Charge
Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

VIRGINIA A. BATAN
Officer – In- Charge
Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

RAMONCHITO A. SORIANO HELEN B. ORAP

Chief Education Supervisor, CID Education Program Supervisor-LRMDS

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Cover Page………………………………………………………………………. i
Copyright Notice …………………………………………………..……...…..…. ii
Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….……. … v
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………. 2
For the Facilitator
For the Learner
Reminders
Learning Objectives
Pretest………………………………………………………………….…………. 3
Lesson Proper……………………………………………………………………. 4
Review ………………………………………………………………………… 4
Activity 1……………………………………….……………….…………. 6
Discussion of Activity 1……………………………………...…………… 7
Enrichment ……………………………………………………….…………… 8
Activities…………………………………………………………………… 9
Activity 1…………………………………………………………………… 11
Assessment 1……………………………………………...……………… 12
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………… 15
Assessment 2………………………………………………...…………… 16
Activity 3…………………………………………………………………… 18
Assessment 3……………………………………………...……………… 20
Generalization …………………………………………………………………… 21
Application ……………………………………………………………….……… 22
Post-Assessment …………………...…………………………………………… 23
Additional Activities……………………………………………….……………… 24
Answer Key……………………………………………………………………….. 25
Reference Sheet…………………………………………………...…….……… . 26

v
.Philosophy: The Holistic
and Partial Perspective
Module in Introduction
to the Philosophy of the Human
Person-Grade 12
First Quarter-Module 1

JULIUS CAESAR D. MACUSI, LPT, MAT

Developer

Department of Education ● Schools Division of Tabuk City

1
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Philosophy.

This module was collaboratively designed and developed by the developer

and reviewed by educators from the Department of Education - Schools Division
of Tabuk City to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet
the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Philosophy.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

2
 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.

3
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

This module contains topics and activities on Philosophy: The Holistic and
Partial Perspective to be utilized by the Grade 12 STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics), GAS (General Academic Strand), and TVL
(Technical – Vocational – Livelihood) students for the First Quarter/Week 1. Take
extra care in using this module and preserve its neatness and cleanliness.
Carefully read and understand all the directions contained in this module. Answer
all the questions honestly and independently and write your answers on your
activity notebook. Do yourself check by comparing your answers to the answer
keys only after you have answered the given activities.

After using this module, you must be able to:

➢ Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view;

➢ Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on
life; and
➢ Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective.

5
 .
WHAT I KNOW

Pre- Assessment

Activity No. 1 Direction: Let us check your knowledge to our topic. Kindly choose
the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate yellow paper.
1. Which among the following best describes a person who applies the method of
Philosophizing?

A. a person who does not only love to know, but loves to know the truth
and desire to live in it
B. a person who loves pleasure, success and wisdom
C. a person who study the love of wisdom
D. none of these

2. If partial thinking is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a

situation, holistic thinking is_______.

A. is a reflection on a situation to gain insights that will help in effective

decision making.
B. is a perspective that considers the bigger picture when looking at
problems or situations.
C. is a perspective that sees the problem or situation in a step by step
process.
D. all of these

3. Which of these statements regarding the meaning of philosophy are true?

1. Philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality and integrated worldview.

2. Philosophy is a science of beings in their ultimate reasons and causes
aided by reason alone.
3. Philosophy provides the framework for which the human person can
understand the world.
4. Philosophy is a science since it investigates the causes of few things.
A. 1,2 and 3 B. 2, 3 and 4 C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1, 3 and 4

4. Philosophy is etymologically derived from the Greek word philos which means
love and sophia which means ________.

A. Wisdom B. Knowledge C. Reason D. A and B

5. It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings,

and actions and learn from experience.

A. Frameworks C. Reflection
B. Internal questions D. holistic thinking

6
6. It refers to a way of thinking about the world and is made up of a person’s
views and beliefs.

A. Frameworks B. Internal questions C. Reflection

D. holistic thinking

7. If the Chinese described philosophy as “zhe-xue” which means the study of

wisdom, for the Hindus philosophy is rendered as “darshana” which means
______________.

A. vision B. view C. mode of seeing D. all of these

8. Who is regarded as the father of Western Philosophy and one of the seven
sages of ancient Greece?

A. Thales B. Anaximander C. Anaximenes D. Plato

9. If Parmenides proposed that “being” is the only thing that is permanent in this
world, Heraclitus________.

A. believes that the only thing that is permanent in this world is change
B. believes that the primary constituent of reality would be numbers
C. believes that all things have portion of everything
D. all of these

10. All of the following are the reasons for the need to philosophize, EXCEPT
___________.

A. wonder B. doubt C. experience D. love of pleasure

11. What kind of questions examines personal ideas regarding correctness and
values?

A. frameworks C. external questions

B. internal question D. reflection

12. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought about by
man’s sense of ________.

A. wonder B. doubt C. experience d. love of wisdom

13. All of the following are the characteristics of Philosophic question, EXCEPT
___________.

A. these questions are often very broad or general

B. there is no single methodology for answering the question
C. no practical utility
D. questions are intended to specific problems or situations

7
14. You are a friend of a prince whose kingdom requires him to get married as
soon as possible to secure the crown. The royal family has decreed a certain
criteria for the wife-to-be. He is heavily guarded all the time beside the fact that
he is also surrounded by his detractors who will do everything to thwart him
from getting married. What’s the best way to help him get the crown?

A. Play kidnapping the prince and then get the woman that he loves and
who fits the decreed criteria and marry them secretly.

B. Hold a royal ball in the palace and invite all the beautiful ladies in the
kingdom and then immediately marry him to the woman that he loves.

C. Let the prince travel a long distance and hope by chance that he will
finally find the woman that he loves in his journey
.
D. None of the above.

15. In view of the project “Tokhang” and all the innocent lives that were killed, if
you were the president of the Republic of the Philippines, how would you
best address the rampage of Drug addiction differently?

A. Have all the Filipino people undergo drug testing, if someone is positive
on drugs, let the due process of law prevail together with the
rehabilitation movement.

B. Put to rehabilitation, especially with the involvement of church

organizations, anyone who is found positive on drugs while they are in
detention.

C. Formulate laws, just like in the USA, that permit the use of drugs in the
whole archipelago granting freedom to everyone to either choose or
reject drugs

D. Rehabilitate drug offenders while classifying and branding them into

different categories, e.g. light-to-grave offenders, while they are
allowed to roam or associate freely within society.

8
 WHAT’S IN

What is Philosophy?

Philosophy is a science that deals with everything under the sun. It is a study
and discipline that facilitates the attainment of a wide scope of understanding and
perspective in life mostly through reflection, analysis and logic. It is used as a way
of deeply understanding ideas and frameworks through reflective and meditative
activities. In this lesson, much emphasis shall be given to reflection and holistic
thinking as useful tools into practicing or doing philosophy.

Philosophy helps us explore, discover, find, examine or answer the

questions in life by giving us different perspective about it. This is made possible
with the use of reflection, careful thinking and holistic thinking in approaching
understanding about life’s meaning, situations, challenges, or circumstances. So
that man can better appreciate life’s experiences as vital components of life itself
here on earth (Abella, R.D., 2016).

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and Sophia
(wisdom). The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom”
and they soon applied it to the study or discipline that uses human reason
to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all
things. People who engage in philosophy are called philosophers or “lovers
of wisdom.” Among the ancient Greeks, the philosophers became pioneers
in various fields of knowledge such as history, biology, medicine,
mathematics, astronomy, and even physics. It was quite common to hear of
ancient philosophers who were “experts” in various fields of learning.

- Abella, R.D., 2016

In short, it is a study, as the Bible says, “study to show yourself approve

unto God”.(2 Timothy 2:15). Just like any study or research, we always start with
the problem or question and that we exert our effort to seek its solution or answer.
And that we should do it right until we arrive to our “Eureka!” moment.

Therefore, Philosophy is just but a tool to know, in particular, the true

meaning and purpose of life – why man exists here on earth.

9
 WHAT’S NEW

Read and analyze the following true story relayed by a preacher:

There was a preacher and a believer who went about preaching the gospel.
One time, he happened to sit beside an atheist on an airplane. As the preacher
was on his seat, reading through the pages of the Bible just as he usually does
every time he flew an airplane, the atheist asked him in a rather sarcastic manner,
“Are you reading a Bible?” and he got one of the magazines that was inserted at
the back pocket of the seat in front of him and pointed out to the preacher the
glossy material filled with colorful illustrations. And the preacher also got the Bible
he was reading and showed him the red lettered words of Jesus but the atheist
responded rather with much conviction and pride, “I am an atheist. I don’t believe
in that...”

When they were already on the air, after several minutes on their flight, the
plane suddenly experienced a jolt and a heavy turbulence due to a weather
disturbance. The captain said, through the plane’s intercom, that they were in a
thunderstorm. The heavy rain clouds produced loud thunders and lightning that
kept shaking, jolting, and jerking their aircraft as if it was going to crash. And
suddenly, the atheist who proudly claimed that he doesn’t believe in God and the
Bible, could not keep still and kept shouting, “Oh God! O God! O God…save us.”

Then the preacher was amazed on how untrue or phony his seatmate was
upon hearing him shout that way and asked him, “Do you believe in God?” His
seatmate replied, “I am… I believe in God!”

At times, in life we become rather short sighted living the here and now, i.e.
“eat, drink and being merry…” or keeping up with the Joneses instead of focusing
to the big picture, to the things that has eternal significance, i.e. obeying the words
and teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Ponder for a few moments about the following:

1. What kind of person do you think is the “atheist”?

2. In matters of life and death situations, why do we pray or call on God to

save us?

3. How can a person really be saved?

4. If you were one of the passengers of the plane, what will you do?

10
5. When we also experience the same circumstance, say, during a lockdown or
quarantine due to a dreaded virus that has no cure, why do we, suddenly put our
faith in God to save us or become excessively religious?

6. Reflect for a moment, what do you think is the very purpose of life? What on
earth are we here for? Is it just to be happy?

7. How is philosophy related to this situation?

WHAT IS IT

Have you ever come to a point when you wonder what on earth are we here
for? Or what’s the meaning of life? Or do you keep pretending in life and keep
wondering all your days about its meaning – that life is meant to live up really for
God, in God, with God, and through God all the time until eternity and not just when
you are about to die just like the atheist in the story? Have you ever asked yourself
where your life is headed? What is the whole point of your life? Have you given
your life to God? Have you ever come to such a point where you think about such
“deep” questions in life?

When we come to experience life’s changing circumstances or influential

situations or crisis or any event that have deep impact on us, we are left to wonder
where will all these lead us or what will happen next or what we should ought to
do. It leads us to ask so many questions. Thus, by nature, man is curious or
inquisitive. Did you ever notice this when you were still a child and had that child
wonder attitude inside of you and asked so many questions? Just when the first
question is about to be answered or had not yet been answered you asked again
another one then another one until such time that your father or whomever you
were questioning, who became curious himself/ herself, asked you, “Why do you
ask so many questions?” Questions like, “Why is the sky color blue?”, “Why does
the sun keeps on shining?”, “How does a fish sleeps?”, “How did the world came
to be?”, “Is Santa Clause real?” Or “Is there really a God?“

Notice that as we mature, our questions are shaped by how we learned well
from school and how educated we become and ask deeper questions that are
influenced by our experiences, situations or circumstances – we move from a
partial view point to a rather holistic perspective. Perhaps, we ask questions such
as, “How to become wealthy and healthy?”, “How can to find the lifetime partner, a
wife or a husband, of your dreams?”, “How to obtain breakthroughs from every
struggle in life”, “What are the right investment to make?”, Or “What does it take to
achieve success and your full potential?” These are some of the questions that

11
some people asked somehow as they mature. And we often used, at any of these
instances, holistic thinking and partial thinking.

Holistic thinking rather considers the bigger picture or the large-scale

patterns in systems. The person with a holistic perspective is described as
someone with an open mindset – S/he has the ability to get the general sense or
impression regarding a situation. On the other hand, partial thinking consider only
certain aspects, focusing on specific points/ parts in order for an individual to zero-
in to something for better understanding.

But there are also questions that involve a rather “deep” and serious
analysis or long thinking. Questions such as, “If God is good, how come there is
evil and suffering in the world?”, “Why do good people suffer?”, “Does the end,
justifies the means?”, “What can we do to make our world a better place?”, “ What
must we do to escape any future crisis?”

Such questioning or effort to try to find the answers is the main deal in
philosophy. The search for the right answers to life’s questions and the meaning
and purpose of life is what philosophy is all about. And these question often leads
an individual to undergo what we call reflection which is basically involves a deep
examination of one’s thoughts, feelings and actions. Any person can do reflection
with almost any kind of subject at rather any situation or circumstance.

What’s In?
WHAT’S MORE

Activity 1.

1. On a separate yellow paper, create your own graphic organizer when you hear
the word philosophy? Write the words in the blank circles of your graphic
organizer..

Scoring Rubric (Use this rubric for all activities and assessments)
Coherence and Content (60 %) Information is substantial, valid, relevant, and
accurate.
Organization and structure (20%) Answer is coherently organized; writing is
clear, readable and concise.
Grammar, Spelling, and other No spelling or grammatical errors in the
mechanics (punctuation and answer.
capitalization (20%)

12
 Philosophy

Assessment 1.
Answer the following questions succinctly and briefly.

1. What are the requirements in doing Philosophy?

Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

2. Complete the statement, “Philosophy is important for me because_______.”

Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

Activity 2.
Cite your experiences regarding how you, first, adopted a holistic view and
second, use partial thinking.
Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

Assessment 2.
Compare and contrast how you can apply a holistic thinking and partial thinking in
times of pandemic. Provide concrete examples.

Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

13
Activity 3.
Read the following and ask, what “simple”, “serious”, or “deep” questions comes to
mind when you read them? Discuss them succinctly and briefly (2-3 sentences).
Write your answers in a separate yellow paper

1. The quarantine of the world because of the pandemic can cause

recession;
2. A great fire from heaven may hit earth next year;
3. Communists nations may go to war against the US;
4. People cannot transact business without a microchip implant;
5. Climate change may worsen in the coming days

Answer:

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

2. Why is it important for people to think of “serious” or “deep” questions

once in a while?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

Assessment 3.

1. What questions about your life are you struggling to find answers to? Share
some of them below.

Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.
2. Reflect for a moment, given a brief life to live on earth, how are you suppose
to live your life then?

Answer:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

14
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

What does it mean to be a lover of wisdom? What characteristics should a

philosopher possess?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO

Ancient people, specifically the philosophers, have tried to answer the difficult
questions in life. Some of them struggled until they discover what they are
searching for while others found what they were looking for right under their noses.
However, still some were not sure whether they found the answer about some
questions regarding human existence, questions like the following:

What is real? Are we able to perceive and understand reality and

everything in it?

How do we know what we know? Are the things that we know true?

What is the ultimate cause of all things? What is our purpose in this world?

To what extent are our choices and actions considered “free”?

Discuss the following:

1. Upon reading the questions above, do you also have similar or any other
questions beside these?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
2. Briefly assess yourself if you can answer the above philosophical
questions yourself.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________.

15
 POST ASSESSMENT

Post Assessment

Activity No. 1 Direction: Let us check your knowledge to our topic. Kindly choose
the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate yellow paper.

1. Which among the following best describes a person who applies the method of
Philosophizing?

A. a person who does not only love to know, but loves to know the truth
and desire to live in it
B. a person who loves pleasure, success and wisdom
C. a person who study the love of wisdom
D. none of these

2. If partial thinking is a perspective that focuses on specific aspects of a

situation, holistic thinking is_______.

A. is a reflection on a situation to gain insights that will help in effective

decision making.
B. is a perspective that considers the bigger picture when looking at
problems or situations.
C. is a perspective that sees the problem or situation in a step by step
process.
D.all of these

3. Which of these statements regarding the meaning of philosophy are true?

1. Philosophy is a system of beliefs about reality and integrated worldview.

2. Philosophy is a science of beings in their ultimate reasons and causes
aided by reason alone.
3. Philosophy provides the framework for which the human person can
understand the world.

4. Philosophy is a science since it investigates the causes of few things.

A. 1,2 and 3 B. 2, 3 and 4 C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1, 3 and 4

16
4. Philosophy is etymologically derived from the Greek word philos which means
love and sophia which means ________.

A. Wisdom B. Knowledge C. Reason D. A and B

5. It is an activity that requires a person to examine his or her thoughts, feelings,

and actions and learn from experience.

A. Frameworks C. Reflection
B. Internal questions D. holistic thinking

6. It refers to a way of thinking about the world and is made up of a person’s

views and beliefs.

A. Frameworks B. Internal questions C. Reflection

D. holistic thinking

7. If the Chinese described philosophy as “zhe-xue” which means the study of

wisdom, for the Hindus philosophy is rendered as “darshana” which means
______________.

A. vision B. view C. mode of seeing D. all of these

8. Who is regarded as the father of Western Philosophy and one of the seven
sages of ancient Greece?

A. Thales B. Anaximander C. Anaximenes D. Plato

9. If Parmenides proposed that “being” is the only thing that is permanent in this
world, Heraclitus________.

A. believes that the only thing that is permanent in this world is change
B. believes that the primary constituent of reality would be numbers
C. believes that all things have portion of everything
D. all of these

10. All of the following are the reasons for the need to philosophize, EXCEPT
___________.

A. wonder B. doubt C. experience D. love of pleasure

11. What kind of questions examines personal ideas regarding correctness and
values?

A. frameworks C. external questions

B. internal question D. reflection

17
12. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought about by
man’s sense of ________.

A. wonder B. doubt C. experience d. love of wisdom

13. All of the following are the characteristics of Philosophic question, EXCEPT
___________.

A. these questions are often very broad or general

B. there is no single methodology for answering the question
C. no practical utility
D. questions are intended to specific problems or situations

14. You are a friend of a prince whose kingdom requires him to get married as
soon as possible to secure the crown. The royal family has decreed a certain
criteria for the wife-to-be. He is heavily guarded all the time beside the fact that
he is also surrounded by his detractors who will do everything to thwart him
from getting married. What’s the best way to help him get the crown?

A. Play kidnapping the prince and then get the woman that he loves and
who fits the decreed criteria and marry them secretly.

B. Hold a royal ball in the palace and invite all the beautiful ladies in the
kingdom and then immediately marry him to the woman that he loves.

C. Let the prince travel a long distance and hope by chance that he will
finally find the woman that he loves in his journey.

D. None of the above.

15. In view of the project “Tokhang” and all the innocent lives that were killed, if
you were the president of the Republic of the Philippines, how would you
best address the rampage of Drug addiction differently?

A. Have all the Filipino people undergo drug testing, if someone is positive
on drugs, let the due process of law prevail together with the
rehabilitation movement.

B. Put to rehabilitation, especially with the involvement of church

organizations, anyone who is found positive on drugs while they are in
detention.

C. Formulate laws, just like in the USA, that permit the use of drugs in the
whole archipelago granting freedom to everyone to either choose or
reject drugs

D. Rehabilitate drug offenders while classifying and branding them into

different categories, e.g. light-to-grave offenders, while they are
allowed to roam or associate freely within society.

18
 Read the following biographies of some of the most notable ancient Greek
ADDITIONAL
Philosophers then ACTIVITY
summarize the information given in the below table.

Pythagoras (570 BCE to 495 BCE) – A mathematician and scientist, he was

credited with
Diogenes formulating
of Sinope thetoPythagorean
(412 BCE 323 BCE) – Hetheorem.
was a knownHis advocate
work earned him
of living many
a simple
followers,
and virtuousand
life.he
Forestablished a community
Diogenes, one should not of learners
only who were
talk of virtue devoted
but should show to itthe study
in words
of religion
and actions.and philosophy.
His emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to the extreme, and he was
said to have lived like a beggar. He was also known to be a vocal critic of well-known
Heraclitus such
philosophers (535 as
BCE toand
Plato BCE) –His
475Aristotle. Heteachings
proposedandthat everything
views were laterthat exists by
developed is
based
his on aand
followers higher order the
influenced or plan which he
development of called
several logos.
schoolsFor him, change
of philosophy suchisasa
permanent
Cynicism andaspect of the human condition as he was credited with the saying. “No
Stoicism.
man ever steps in the same river twice.”
Epicurus (341 BCE to 270 BCE) – He believed that philosophy could enable man to
live a life of happiness.
Democritus (460 BCE Histoviews
370 gave
BCE)rise – He
to Epicureanism
devoted himself – a to
school of philosophy
the study of the
which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of
causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter isfear and pain.
composed(470
Socrates of tiny
BCEparticles
to 399 called
BCE) atoms.
– He was considered the foremost philosopher of
ancient times. He made great contributions to the field of ethics. Socrates was a known
critic of intellectuals during his time, but he himself did not claim to be “wise” and merely
considered himself a “midwife” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom. He also
believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue. He was credited with
formulating the Socratic Method – a means of examining a topic by devising a series of
questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the
topic.

Plato (472 BCE to 347 BCE) – A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s
teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. His teachings and writings
were considered the foundation of Western philosophy. Plato’s most significant ideas
included his Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exists is based on an
idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind; these nonphysical ideas are eternal
and unchanging. He also focused his studies on the ideal society and proposed an ideal
model of government and society which is ruled by wisdom and reason. Plato is also known for
his dialectic – a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting contribution to learning was his founding of the
Academy, an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World.

Aristotle (384 BCE to 322 BCE) – He attended the Academy, and was a prominent
student of Plato. Aristotle, however, disagreed with Plato’s theory of forms and took a
different stance in interpreting reality. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and
our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive. This view greatly influenced the
study of the physical sciences. Aristotle was involved in a great variety of disciplines such as
zoology, psychology, ethics, and politics. He also proposed a system for the classification of
plants and animals. His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing
reasoning which gave rise to deductive reasoning – the processes by which specific statements
are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization.

- Abella, R.D., 2016

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Table 1. Summary of the Philosophers’ Significant Contribution

Ancient Philosopher Significant Contribution

Job Well Done!

Congratulations for finishing this module!

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 ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITIES AND ASSESSMENTS:

Table 5. *Rubric
Coherence and Content (60 %) Information is substantial, valid, relevant, and
accurate.
Organization and structure (20%) Answer is coherently organized; writing is
clear, readable and concise.
Grammar, Spelling, and other No spelling or grammatical errors in the
mechanics (punctuation and answer.
capitalization (20%)
*Rubric (Total Score = % score x 5)

PRE – ASSESSMENT AND POST – ASSESSMENT:

15. A 10. D 5. C

14. B 9. A 4. A

13. D 8. A 3. A

12. A 7. D 2. B

11. B 6. A 1. A

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 REFERENCES

Abella, R.D. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Textbook.

Quezon City C& E Publishing, Inc. 2016.

_________. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Teacher’s

Manual. Quezon City C& E Publishing, Inc. 2016.

Introduction to The Philosophy of The Human Person Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Doing Philosophy. DepEd Senior High School Module. Quezon City
Department of Education, 2020

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