Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl Method 1. Warm-Up

Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl method
1. Warm-up
What is protein?
What is the most important source of protein in your life?
Do you know how to determine a protein content in food sample?
2. Reading comprehension
(Insert here!)
2.1. Vocabulary
Write any new words in the reading?
2.2. Questions: Answer the question about the reading
a. How many steps are in Kjeldahl method? Provide in detail?
b. Is this method directly or indirectly determined protein content? Why?
c. What is the purpose of digestion step? Can you write the reaction?
d. What is the role of boric acid?
e. How to collect NH3 “free” from the digested sample?
f. How to know the amount of protein content?
g. What is the standard solution? Which standard solution and its
concentration is used in the method?
h. What is the reagent blank?
2.3. Matching
a. Kjeldahl Digestion tube
1)
b. A chemical is used to usually
signal the end of the reaction, the
endpoint.
2)
c. Kjeldahl Distillation Unit
3)
4) Distillation d. Point in titration at which the
amount of titrant added is just
enough to completely neutralize
the analyte solution.
5) Indicator e. In a titration method, the solution
of known concentration is ...
6) Titration f. Condenser
7) Titrant g. A technique where a solution of
known concentration is used to
determine the concentration of an
unknown solution
8) Equivalence point h. Kjeldahl Digestion Unit
i. The process of separating the
components or substances from a
liquid mixture by using selective
boiling and condensation
9)
2.4. Answer the questions **

1) If the alkali pump timer on the distillation system was set to deliver 25 ml of 50%
NaOH and 7 ml of concentrated H2SO4 was used to digest the sample, how many
milliliters of the 50% NaOH is actually required to neutralize the amount of
sulfuric acid used in the digestion? How would your results have been changed if
the alkali pump timer had malfunctioned and delivered only 15 ml of the 50%
NaOH? (Molarity of conc. H2SO4 = 18)
2) Could phenolphthalein be used as an indicator in the Kjeldahl titration? Why or
why not?
3) Describe the function of the following chemicals used in this determination:
(a) Catalyst pellet
(b) Borate
(c) H2SO4
(d) NaOH
4) Why was it not necessary to standardize the boric acid solution?
5) Explain how the factor used to calculate the percent protein for your product was
obtained, and why the protein factors for some other cereal grains (e.g., wheat,
oats) differ from that for corn.
6) For each of the disadvantages of the Kjeldahl method, give another protein
analysis method that overcomes (at least partially) that disadvantage. **
3. Watching a video (Kjeldahl method)
4. Translate into English
1) Cá chứa hàm lượng protein rất cao.
2) Protein thì rất cần thiết cho cơ thể người.
3) Protein là hợp chất hữu cơ chứa nhóm amino.
4) Tại điểm tương đương, chất chuẩn phản ứng vừa đủ với chất phân tích có
trong mẫu.
5) Sau khi thêm acid đậm đặc và chất xúc tác, mẫu bột mì được phân hủy ở
nhiệt độ 370°C trong bộ phá mẫu Kjeldahl.
Unit Y: DETERMINATION OF CAFFEINE IN BEVERAGES BY HPLC
1. Vocabulary
High performance liquid chromatography: Sắc ký lỏng hiệu năng cao
Volatile (adj): bay hơi
Centrifugation (n): quá trình ly tâm
Filtration (n): Quá trình lọc
Solid-phase extraction: chiết pha rắn
Matrix (n): nền
Reversed-phase chromatography: Sắc ký pha đảo
Stationary phase: pha tĩnh
Partition (n)/(v): Phân bố
Quantitation (n): Định lượng
Retention volume/time: thời gian lưu giữ
Peak height/area: Chiều cao/diện tích peak
Beverage: Đồ uống
Disposable: dùng một lần
Syringe (n): ống tiêm
Inject (v): Tiêm
Guard column: Cột bảo vệ
Sensitivity (n): Độ nhạy
Detector (n): Đầu dò
Syringe needle: Kim tiêm
Plunger: pít tông
Elute(v): rửa giải
Duplicate/triplicate: 2/3 lần
Standard curve: Đường chuẩn
Means (n): giá trị trung bình
Linearity (n): tuyến tính
Potential sources: Các nguồn tiềm năng
Mobile Phase Composition: Thành phần pha động
2. Fill the blank using listed words
chromatographic mobile matrix quantifying separation polarity interaction
Food analysis methods are built around high-performance liquid chromatography, which
has proven to be an optimal technology for detecting and/or ……… the vast majority of food
analytes. These methods employ a stepwise approach that first removes the sample ……, then
isolates the analytes of interest and individually resolves them on a …… column. The efficiency
of the …….. depends on, among other things, the differential ……. of analytes of interest with
both ……. and column stationary phases. Of course, classifying food analytes according to their
relative volatility and ……. are factors that must be considered when selecting an appropriate
analytical method for their determination.
3. Matching key words
1. Retention time A. a type of graph used as a quantitative research technique
2. standard curves B. phase over which the mobile phase passes in the technique of
chromatography
3. stationary phase C. a technique designed for rapid, selective sample preparation and
purification prior to the chromatographic analysis
4. solid-phase D. a device or instrument designed to detect the presence of a particular
extraction object or substance and to emit a signal in response.
5. Analytical E. the time that a solute spends in a column
balance
6. detector F. to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range
7. elute G. make three repeats of (something)
8. triplicate H. remove (an adsorbed substance) by washing with a solvent, especially
in chromatography
4. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

A. The use of solid-phase extraction is a common chromatographic sample preparation technique
used to remove interfering compounds from a biological matrix prior to HPLC analysis.
B. The more volatile a substance, the longer it will be moving with the carrier gas, and the quicker
it will emerge from the column.
C. Liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, or coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
are among the most powerful techniques to address food safety issues and to guarantee food
authenticity in order to prevent fraud
D. Quantitation generally involves comparing the peak height or area of the sample peak of interest
with the peak height or area of a standard (at the same retention time)
E. High-performance liquid chromatography is a very sensitive analytical technique increasingly
used to separate and detect additives, ingredients, nutritional components, and contaminants in
food.
5. Translate the following sentences into English
A. Hàm lượng caffeine trong đồ uống có thể được xác định bằng phương pháp sắc ký lỏng hiệu
năng cao pha đảo sử dụng pha động là nước, ethanol và acid acetic
B. Các mẫu phân tích cần được làm sạch bằng phương pháp chiết pha rắn trước khi tiêm mẫu vào
cột pha đảo
C. Trong hóa học phân tích, đường chuẩn là một phương pháp chung để xác định nồng độ của một
chất trong một mẫu chưa biết bằng cách so sánh điều chưa biết với tập hợp các mẫu chuẩn có nồng
độ đã biết.
D. Các phép đo được lặp lại ba lần, kết quả được biểu diễn dưới dạng giá trị trung bình ± độ lệch
chuẩn
E. Nồng độ của caffeine trong mẫu được tính toán và biểu diễn theo mg caffein / ml sử dụng đường
chuẩn dựa trên diện tích của các peaks
6. Diagram Completion
1 2 3 4
6 7 8 10
Matching above glassware based on their usage
A.
B. Used to contain liquids or solution
C. Used to measure volumes of liquids that will be poured into other containers
D. Used to deliver measured volumes of titrant in a titration
E. Used to make solutions of known molarity at a calibrated temperature
F. Used to transfer measured volumes of liquid
G. Used to separate two immiscible liquids
F. Used to contain solids during heating to high temperatures
7. Read the following chemical formulas
H2O, H2SO4, CaCO3, CO2, NaCl, H2S, CaCl2, C2H4, HIO3, CnH2n+2, FeCl3, N2O5, PbO,
Mn2O3
8. The following schema illustrates the procedure of titration. Using the schema, describe
the procedure of the titration method.
Supplies Step 1 Step 2
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

9. Analyze the grammatical elements of relative clauses and passive voice in the following
passage:
Many food-related HPLC analyses utilize reversed phase chromatography in which the mobile
phase is relatively polar, such as water, dilute buffer, methanol, or acetonitrile. The stationary
phase (column packing) is relatively nonpolar, usually silica particles coated with a C8 or C18
hydrocarbon. As compounds travel through the column, they partition between the hydrocarbon
stationary phase and the mobile phase. The mobile phase may be constant during the
chromatographic separation (i.e., isocratic) or changed stepwise or continuously (i.e., gradient).
When the compounds elute separated from each other at the end of the column, they must be
detected for identification and quantitation. Identification often is accomplished by comparing the
volume of liquid required to elute a compound from a column (expressed as retention volume or
retention time) to that of standards chromatographed under the same conditions. Quantitation
generally involves comparing the peak height or area of the sample peak of interest with the peak
height or area of a standard (at the same retention time). The results are usually expressed in
milligrams per gram or milliliters of food sample.

Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl Method 1. Warm-Up

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl Method 1. Warm-Up

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl Method 1. Warm-Up

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Unit X: Protein Nitrogen Determination by Kjeldahl method

2.4. Answer the questions **

2) Protein thì rất cần thiết cho cơ thể người.

3) Protein là hợp chất hữu cơ chứa nhóm amino.

4. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

Supplies Step 1 Step 2

Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.