MELC: The learner solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring;

(c) completing the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula. (M9AL – la – b- 1)
Lesson/Topics: 1. Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Square Roots
2. Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Reference/Source: Teacher’s Guide Page No.: pp. 19 - 27
Learner’s Material pp. 18 - 34

Activity No. 1: I Can Do It! Day: 2

Objectives/Subtasks: 1. Solve quadratic equation by extracting square roots.

2. Solve quadratic equations by factoring.

KEY CONCEPT

The method of solving the quadratic equation x2 = k is called extracting square roots.

Example1: Find the solutions of the equation x2 – 16 = 0 by extracting square roots.

Write the equation in the form x2 = k.
X2 – 16 = 0 x2 – 16 + 16 = 0 + 16 Since 16 is greater than 0, then the first
property above can be applied to find
the values of x that will make the
equation x2 – 16 = 0 true.

Both values of x satisfy the given

equation. So the equation x2 – 16 = 0 is
true when x = 4 or when x = -4

Answer : The equation x2 – 16 = 0 has two solutions: x = 4 and x = -4

To check, substitute these values to the original equation x2 – 16 = 0

For x = 4: For x = - 4;
2 2
x -16 = 0 x -16 = 0
42 – 16 ¿ 0 (-4) – 16 = 0
16 – 16 = 0 16 – 16 = 0
0=0 0=0

Exercise 1:
Directions: Solve the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots. The first one has been done for
you.

1
 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

x2 - 81 = 0 x2 = 100 x2 – 49 = 0 x2 = 36 x2 = 9

x2 = 81
x=± √ 81
x=± 9

KEY CONCEPT
Some quadratic equations can be solved easily by factoring. To solve such quadratic equations, the following
procedure can be followed.
1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form if necessary.
2. Factor the quadratic expression.
3. Apply the zero-product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to 0.

4. Solve each resulting equation.

5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original equation.

Example 2: Find the solutions of x2 + 9x = -8 by factoring.

Steps in solving quadratic equations using factoring:
a. Transform the equation into standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
x2 + 9x = - 8 x2 + 9x + 8 = 0
b. Factor the quadratic expression x2 + 9x + 8.
x2 + 9x + 8 = 0 (x + 1)(x + 8) = 0
c. Apply the zero-product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to
0.
(x + 1)(x + 8) = 0 x + 1 = 0; x + 8 = 0
a. Solve each resulting equation using addition property of equality (APE).
x+1=0 x+1–1=0–1
x=-1
x+8=0 x+8–8=0–8
x=-8
e. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the equation x 2 + 9x = - 8
For x = -1: For x = -8:
x2 + 9x = -8 x2 + 9x = -8
(-1) 2 + 9(-1) = -8 (-8) 2 + 9(-8) = -8
1 – 9 = -8 64 – 72 = -8
-8 = -8 -8 = -8
Both values of x satisfy the given equation. So, the equation x 2 + 9x = - 8 is true
when x = -1 or when x = -8.
Answer: The equation x2 + 9x = - 8 has two solutions: x = -1 or x = -8

Exercise 2:
Directions: Solve the following quadratic equations by factoring following the given steps. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your solution.

1. x2 + 6x = 16 4 .x2 – 14 = 5x
2. x2 – 25 = 0 5. 6x2 + 8x = 0
3. 11s + 15 = - 2s2

2
MELC: The learner solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring;
(c) completing the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula. (M9AL – la – b- 1)
Lesson/Topics: 1. Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
2. Solving Quadratic Equations by Using the Quadratic Formula

Reference/Source: Teacher’s Guide Page No.: pp. 28 - 38

Learner’s Material pp. 35 - 55

Activity No. 1: How Well Did I Understand? Day: 3

Objectives/Subtasks: 1. Solve a quadratic equation by completing the square.

2. Solve a quadratic equation by using the quadratic formula.
KEY CONCEPT
Extracting square roots and factoring are usually used to solve quadratic equations of the form
ax2 – c = 0. If the factors of the quadratic expression of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are determined, then, it is more
convenient to use factoring to solve it.
Another method of solving quadratic equation is by completing the square. This method involves
transforming the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 into the form (x – h)2 = k, where k ≥ 0.
Can you tell why the value of k should be positive?

Example 1: Solve the quadratic equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 by completing the square.

Steps in solving quadratic equation using completing the square:

a. Divide both sides of the equation by 2 then simplify.

b. Add 5 to both sides of the equation then simplify. x2+4x – 5 = 0 x2+4x – 5 + 5 = 0 + 5

x2 + 4x = 5

c. Add to both sides of the equation the square of

one-half of 4.

d. Express x2 + 4x + 4 as a square of a binomial.

e.

f.

g.

Answer: The equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 has two solutions: x = 1 or x = - 5

Exercise 1:

3
Directions: Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations by completing the square. Show your
solution on the separate sheet of paper.

1. x2 + 4x – 21 = 0 4. x2 – 5x – 6 = 0
2. x2 – 2x = 3 5. 4x2 – 32x = - 28
3. x2 + 10x + 9 = 0

KEY CONCEPT

To solve any quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 using the quadratic formula, determine the values of
a, b, and c, then substitute these in the equation .Simplify the result if possible then check the solutions
obtained against the original equation.

Example 2: Find the solutions of the equation 2x2 + 32x = 27 using the quadratic formula.

Steps in solving using the quadratic formula:

a. Write the equation in standard form.

b. Determine the values of a, b, and c.

c. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the

quadratic formula.

d. Simplify the result.

e. Solve for x:

f. Check the solutions obtained against the equation 2x 2 + 3x = 27.

−9
When x = :
When x = 3: 2
2(3)2 + 3(3) = 27 2(9) + 3(3) = 27 −9 2 −9 81
2( ) + 3( ) = 27 2( ¿+3(
18 + 9 = 27 2 2 4
−9
27 = 27 ¿=27
2

−9
Both values of x satisfy the given equation. So, the equation 2x2 + 3x = 27 is true when x = 3 or when x = .
2
−9
Answer: The equation has two solutions: x = 3 or x = .
2

Exercise 2
Directions: Solve the following quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula. Use a separate sheet of paper for
your solution.

1. x2 + 10x + 9 = 0 4. x2 – 12x + 35 = 0
2. x2 + 5x – 14 = 0 5. 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 0

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 3. 3x2 – 4x =0

MELC: The learner characterizes the roots of quadratic equation using the discriminant. (M9AL-Ic-1)
Lesson/Topic: Discriminant of a Quadratic Equation.
Reference/Source: Teacher’s Guide Page No.: pp. 45 - 49
Learner’s Material pp. 66 – 76
Intermediate Algebra pp. 52 – 54
(By: Soledad Jose-Dilao and Julieta G. Bernabe)

Activity No. 1: What Is My Nature? Day: 4

Objective/Subtask: Characterize the roots of quadratic equation using the discriminant.

KEY CONCEPT
Recall that the roots of the quadratic equation ax 2 +bx +c=0 are given by the quadratic formula

−b ± √ b2−4 ac
x=
2a
We can see that the radicand b 2−4 ac determines the nature of the roots. This radicand is called the
discriminant of the quadratic equation of the quadratic equation.

Let us analyse the different possible values of the discriminant.

i. If b 2−4 ac> 0 , then there are two distinct real roots:

−b+ √b 2−4 ac
x= and
2a
a. If b 2−4 ac is a perfect square, then the two roots are real, rational and unequal.
b. If b 2−4 ac is not a perfect square, then the two roots are real, irrational and unequal.
ii. If b 2−4 ac=0, then the two roots are real, rational and equal.

Examples
Characterize the roots of the quadratic equation by determining the nature of the roots of the following equations using
the discriminant.
A. x 2−8 x +16=0, where a = 1, b = -8, and c = 18.
2 2
b −4 ac = (−8) −4( 1)(6)
= 64−64
=0
Therefore:
discriminant: 0 nature of the roots: real, rational and equal

B. 2 x2 −5 x −3 , where a = 2, b = -5, and c = -3

2 2
b −4 ac = (−5) −4(2)(−3)
= 25+24
= 49 (positive perfect square)
Therefore:
discriminant: 49 nature of the roots: real, rational and unequal

5
 C. x 2+ 5 x +3=0 , where a = 1, b = 5, and c = 3
2 2
b −4 ac = (5) −4(1)(3)
= 25−12
= 13 (positive but not a perfect square)
Therefore:
discriminant: 13 nature of the roots: real, irrational and unequal

D. x 2−x +2=0 , where a = 1, b = -1, and c = 2

2 2
b −4 ac = (−1) −4 (1)(2)
= 1−8
= −7
Therefore
discriminant: -7 nature of the roots: not real
Exercise 1
Directions: Characterize the roots of the quadratic equation by determining the nature of the roots of the following
equations using the discriminant.

2
1. x + 6 x+ 9=0 discriminant:____________ nature of the roots:______________
2
2. x + 9 x+20=0 discriminant:____________ nature of the roots:______________
2
3. 2 x −10 x +8=0 discriminant:____________ nature of the roots:______________
2
4. x + 5 x +10=0 discriminant:____________ nature of the roots:______________
2
5. x + 6 x+3=0 discriminant:____________ nature of the roots:_____________