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    Actividad 1 Tema 1

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    David Bravo
    The casein micelle has three main biological functions: 1) safe secretion of high calcium and phosphate levels to prevent mammary gland calcification, 2) safe secretion of potentially toxic casein proteins, and 3) retention in the neonate's stomach to allow nutrient digestion. Caseins form micelles instead of amyloid fibrils at high milk concentrations, preventing pathological issues. Micelles stably bind nanoclusters of calcium phosphate in a flexible structure, similarly to other phosphoproteins, important for preventing tissue calcification. This flexibility also suppresses amyloid formation, as seen in molecular chaperones. The micelle structure is fragile and environmentally sensitive, making its native structure challenging to determine. Its composition and flexibility allow its biological functions

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    Actividad 1 Tema 1

    Uploaded by

    David Bravo
    23 views2 pages
    The casein micelle has three main biological functions: 1) safe secretion of high calcium and phosphate levels to prevent mammary gland calcification, 2) safe secretion of potentially toxic casein proteins, and 3) retention in the neonate's stomach to allow nutrient digestion. Caseins form micelles instead of amyloid fibrils at high milk concentrations, preventing pathological issues. Micelles stably bind nanoclusters of calcium phosphate in a flexible structure, similarly to other phosphoproteins, important for preventing tissue calcification. This flexibility also suppresses amyloid formation, as seen in molecular chaperones. The micelle structure is fragile and environmentally sensitive, making its native structure challenging to determine. Its composition and flexibility allow its biological functions

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    ACTIVIDAD 1 TEMA 1

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    The casein micelle has three main biological functions: 1) safe secretion of high calcium and phosphate levels to prevent mammary gland calcification, 2) safe secretion of potentially toxic casein proteins, and 3) retention in the neonate's stomach to allow nutrient digestion. Caseins form micelles instead of amyloid fibrils at high milk concentrations, preventing pathological issues. Micelles stably bind nanoclusters of calcium phosphate in a flexible structure, similarly to other phosphoproteins, important for preventing tissue calcification. This flexibility also suppresses amyloid formation, as seen in molecular chaperones. The micelle structure is fragile and environmentally sensitive, making its native structure challenging to determine. Its composition and flexibility allow its biological functions

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    Actividad 1 Tema 1

    Uploaded by

    David Bravo
    The casein micelle has three main biological functions: 1) safe secretion of high calcium and phosphate levels to prevent mammary gland calcification, 2) safe secretion of potentially toxic casein proteins, and 3) retention in the neonate's stomach to allow nutrient digestion. Caseins form micelles instead of amyloid fibrils at high milk concentrations, preventing pathological issues. Micelles stably bind nanoclusters of calcium phosphate in a flexible structure, similarly to other phosphoproteins, important for preventing tissue calcification. This flexibility also suppresses amyloid formation, as seen in molecular chaperones. The micelle structure is fragile and environmentally sensitive, making its native structure challenging to determine. Its composition and flexibility allow its biological functions

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ACTIVIDAD 1 TEMA1 (para entrega miércoles 16-2-2022)

    NOMBRE Y APELLIDOS……………………………………………………………..

    A typical casein micelle contains thousands of casein molecules, most of which form
    thermodynamically stable complexes with nanoclusters of amorphous calcium
    phosphate. The structure and biological functions of the casein micelle are intimately
    related. The 3 biological functions of the casein micelle considered here are (1) the safe
    secretion of high concentrations of calcium and phosphate so that the mammary gland
    does not become calcified, (2) the safe secretion of high concentrations of potentially
    toxic fibrillogenic casein proteins through the mammary gland, and (3) retention of
    micelles in the stomach of the neonate so that nutrients can be digested and absorbed.
    Like many other unfolded proteins, caseins have an actual or potential tendency to
    assemble into amyloid fibrils, particularly at the high concentrations found in milk. Fibrils
    do not form in milk because an alternative aggregation pathway is followed that results
    in formation of the casein micelle. As a result of forming micelles, nutritious milk can be
    secreted and stored without causing either pathological calcification or amyloidosis of
    the mother’s mammary tissue. The ability to sequester nanoclusters of amorphous
    calcium phosphate in a stable complex is not unique to caseins. It has been
    demonstrated using a number of noncasein secreted phosphoproteins and may be of
    general physiological importance in preventing calcification of other biofluids and soft
    tissues. Thus, competent noncasein phosphoproteins have similar patterns of
    phosphorylation and the same type of flexible, unfolded conformation as caseins. The
    ability to suppress amyloid fibril formation by forming an alternative amorphous
    aggregate is also not unique to caseins and underlies the action of molecular chaperones
    such as the small heat-shock proteins. The open structure of the protein matrix of casein
    micelles is fragile and easily perturbed by changes in its environment. Perturbations can
    cause the polypeptide chains to segregate into regions of greater and lesser density. As
    a result, the reliable determination of the native structure of casein micelles continues to
    be extremely challenging. The biological functions of caseins, such as their chaperone
    activity, are determined by their composition and flexible conformation and by how the
    casein polypeptide chains interact with each other. These same properties determine
    how caseins behave in the manufacture of many dairy products and how they can be
    used as functional ingredients in other foods. Holt, C 2013 J. Dairy Sci. 96 :6127–6146

    LEE EL PÁRRAFO ANTERIOR Y CONTESTA EN (buen) ESPAÑOL:

    A- Enumera las tres funciones biológicas de las micelas de caseína que se


    indican en el texto y explica por qué es necesario que se lleven a cabo esas
    funciones.
    B- ¿Por qué se requiere un aporte de calcio y de fosfato tan grande en la
    leche? ¿Cómo se consigue que la dispersión sea estable?

    C- ¿Cuál es el problema que resuelven las micelas de caseína en cuanto al


    plegamiento de las proteínas y cómo lo hacen? ¿Qué es una actividad
    chaperona?

    D- ¿Cómo se consigue que las micelas queden retenidas en el estómago del


    neonato y no circulen rápidamente por el digestivo?

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