Marxism

Marxism is a philosophy developed by Karl Marx in the second half of the 19th
century that unifies social, political, and economic theory. It is mainly concerned
with the battle between the working class and the ownership class and favors
communism and socialism over capitalism.
Philosopher: “Communism is the riddle of history solved, and it knows itself to be
this solution” -Karl Marx
Description:
The Father of Communism, Karl Marx, a German philosopher and economist, full
name Karl Heinrich Marx, was a revolutionary, sociologist, historian, and
economist who was born on May 5, 1818 in Trier, Rhine Province, Prussia, and
passed away on March 14, 1883 in London, England. The Communist Manifesto,
often regarded as the most famous booklet in the history of the socialist movement,
was written by him (together with Friedrich Engels) in 1848. The pivotal book of
the movement, Das Kapital, was also written by him. The Marxist school of
thinking and philosophy is based on these and other texts of Marx and Engels.
Karl Marx (1818–1883) is often treated as a revolutionary, an activist rather than a
philosopher, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in
the twentieth century. It is certainly hard to find many thinkers who can be said to
have had comparable influence in the creation of the modern world. However,
Marx was trained as a philosopher, and although often portrayed as moving away
from philosophy in his mid-twenties—perhaps towards history and the social
sciences—there are many points of contact with modern philosophical debates
throughout his writings.
Following an unexceptional school career, Marx studied law and philosophy at the
universities of Bonn and Berlin. His doctoral thesis was in ancient philosophy,
comparing the philosophies of nature of Democritus (c.460–370 BCE) and
Epicurus (341–270 BCE). From early 1842, he embarked on a career as a radical
journalist, contributing to, and then editing, the Rheinische Zeitung, until the paper
was closed by the Prussian authorities in April 1843.
Big Ideas
Marx's most popular theory was 'historical materialism', arguing that history is the
result of material conditions, rather than ideas. He believed
that religion, morality, social structures and other things are all rooted
in economics. Influences on Karl Marx are generally thought to have been derived
from three main sources, namely German idealist philosophy, French socialism
and English and Scottish political economy.
In the German Ideology (1845-1846), Marx developed what he called his
"materialist view of the world." Engels later called it historical materialism. This
view involves many problems, and a great deal of disagreement exists over what
follows from it concerning the relationship of ideas to material conditions. I would
like to try to explain Marx's theory of ideas as well as the methodology connected
with it, and to show that these matters can be clarified by examining important
differences between the views held in the German Ideology and those held, on the
one hand, earlier in the 1844 Manuscripts, and, on the other hand, later in the
Grundrisse, the Critique of Political Economy, and Capital. In the German
Ideology Marx admits that his thought has undergone a change. He believed that
we are beings who transform the world around us in order to produce objects for
the benefit of all. He does, however, downplay the magnitude of this change. He
claims that in his earlier "Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of
Law" and in "On the Jewish Question" (both of 1843) his "materialist view of the
world" had already been emerging but that its elaboration had been flawed by
"philosophical phraseology" — he had employed "philosophical expressions such
as 'human essence.' "
Contributions:
Karl Marx discovered the law of dialectics (law of motion) in explaining change,
motion and development of the objective world, nature, society and thought. As the
natural scientists discovered the law of transformation of nature, Marx discovered
the law of transformation of society (from one stage to another).
Marx is considered the father of modern sociology and his work in economics laid
the foundation for understanding labor and its relation to capital. Know about the
contributions of Karl Marx to economics and sociology, as well as his theories
regarding capitalism and communism, through his 10 major accomplishments.
#1 HE PUT FORWARD THE THEORY OF ALIENATION CONCERNING THE
WORKER UNDER CAPITALISM
#2 HE AUTHORED THE FAMOUS MARXIST THEORY OF HISTORICAL
MATERIALISM
#3 HIS CONCEPT OF CLASS STRUGGLE WAS HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL
#4 KARL MARX CO-AUTHORED THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
#5 COMMUNIST MANIFESTO IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MOST
INFLUENTIAL POLITICAL MANUSCRIPTS EVER
#6 HE WROTE THE GROUNDBREAKING WORK DAS KAPITAL
#7 HE WAS A LEADING MEMBER OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL
#8 HIS WORK IN ECONOMICS LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR
UNDERSTANDING LABOR AND ITS RELATION TO CAPITAL
#9 KARL MARX IS CONSIDERED THE FOUNDER OF MODERN
SOCIOLOGY
#10 HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL FIGURES IN HISTORY
Explanation:
To explain why Karl Marx Philosophy is important nowadays is because in many
reasons, but the most basic is that Marx gave the most comprehensive critique of
how capitalism corrupts society and the human spirit. Current events continue to
make sense in view of his observations on the manner in which capitalism causes
its own crises. Marxism's main goal, as we all know, is the creation of a classless
society on a world basis. Karl Marx philosophy explains how we might be
skeptical of society and how capitalism corrupts society.
Filipino philosopher having the same idea:
Jose P. Laurel and Karl Marx both political philosopher
Karl Marx and Jose P. Laurel have the same concept of Freedom and Morality.
Most of the ideas and philosophies of Karl Marx were found in Jose P. laurel’s
writings, publications and correspondences. On the other hand, during his
presidency, Laurel's philosophy could be found in his writings, judgements,
legislation, and speeches.
Karl Marx and Jose P. Laurel are intellectuals that give a wide range of ideas that
may be relevant in various socio-political theories. Laurel is a living example of
how the Filipino people treasured freedom and were aware of their rights. He
played a significant role as president in achieving this goal for his people. He was
referring to freedom as being free from the superstructure's domination in relation
to Marxist theory. According to Laurel's definition of freedom, being free is
releasing oneself from the determinism of such forces as colonization and, as he
listed them, even religion. Ideologies imposed by the conquerors are not to be
allowed to shape a person's thought process. These are the standards established by
the capitalists, according to the Marxist perspective.