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(ICS 13.100; 91.010.01)(CS 13.100; 91.010.01)

SINGAPORE STANDARD

Code of practice for workplace safety and health

management system for construction worksites
Incorporating Erratum No. 1 and Amendment No. 1
(Formerly CP 79 : 1999)

Published by
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SS 679 : 2021
(ICS 13.100; 91.010.01)

SINGAPORE STANDARD

Code of practice for workplace safety and health

management system for construction worksites

Published by Enterprise Singapore

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this Singapore Standard publication
may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from Enterprise Singapore.
Request for permission can be sent to: standards@enterprisesg.gov.sg.

ISBN 9971-67-724-5© Enterprise Singapore 2021

ISBN 978-981-5042-46-7
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This Singapore Standard having been approved by the Construction Industry Practice Committee
was endorsed by the Standards Council of Singapore on 9 September 1999.

First published, 1999

The Construction Industry Practice Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:

Name Organisation

Chairman : Mr Lam Siew Wah Standards Council

Secretary : Ms Tan Sock Cheng Singapore Productivity and Standards Board
Members : Er. Ang Chee Keong Institution of Engineers Singapore
Mr Boo Geok Kwang Singapore Civil Defence Force
Mr Chee Keng Yam Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore
Mr Giam Siang Hai Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Ho Siong Hin Department of Industrial Safety
Er. Hui Beng Hong Institution of Engineers Singapore
Mr Paul Low Khoon Hock Singapore Institute of Architects
Mr Neo Poh Kok Housing & Development Board
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye National University of Singapore
Mr Gilbert Tan Peng Cheng Singapore Confederation of Industries
Mr Jimmy Tsen Chee Nam PWD Corporation Pte Ltd
Assoc Prof Yip Woon Kwong Nanyang Technological University
Co-opted
Members : Dr Jimmy Chen Wie Ying Individual Capacity
Mr Ian Lander Individual Capacity
Dr Lau Yat Sun Individual Capacity

The Technical Committee on Construction Practice appointed by the Construction Industry Practice
Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of representatives from
the following organisations:

Name Organisation

Chairman : Mr Giam Siang Hai Member of Construction Industry Practice

Committee
Secretary : Mr Christopher Ow Mun Kit Singapore Productivity and Standards Board
Members : Mr Ho Seow Ban Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers
Mr Khong Voon Poh Land Transport Authority
Assoc Prof Lim Ewe Chye Nanyang Technological University
Er. Low Kam Fook Institution of Engineers Singapore
Mr Mak Kwok Leong Housing & Development Board
Mr Ng Chooi Choon Building and Construction Authority
Mr Tan Chong Lin PWD Corporation Pte Ltd

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Members : Mr Joseph Teow Singapore Institute of Architects

Mr Wan Tong Wah Ministry of Manpower
Co-opted : Dr Chew Chye Heng National University of Singapore
Members
Mr Michael Ho Boon Thong Individual Capacity
Mr Frederick Koo Ministry of the Environment

The Working Group appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this
standard comprises the following members:

Name Organisation

Convenor : Mr Ng Chooi Choon Member of Technical Committee

Members : Mr Goh Chye Guan Singapore Construction Safety and
Consultancy Pte Ltd
Mr Richard Goh Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Khong Voon Poh Member of Technical Committee
Capt M. Mahendran Singapore Civil Defence Force
As amended
Mr Ismadi Mohamad Ministry of Manpower Nov 99
Ms Tay Ah Ching Housing & Development Board

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(blank page)

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Contents

Page
Foreword  6

CODE OF PRACTICE
1 Safety policy  7
2 Safe work practices  8
3 Safety training  9
4 Group meetings  10
5 Incident investigation and analysis  11
6 In-house safety rules and regulations  12
7 Safety promotion  13
8 Evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors  14
9 Safety inspections  15
10 Maintenance regime for all machinery and equipment  16
11 Hazard analysis  17
12 The control of movement and use of hazardous substances and 18
chemicals 
13 Emergency preparedness  19
14 Occupational health programs  20

ANNEX
Glossary of terms  22

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Contents

Page

Foreword  3

1 Scope  5
2 Normative references  5
3 Terms and definitions  6
4 WSH policy  8
5 Responsibility and authority of organisation  9
6 Risk management  10
7 Competence, training and awareness  11
8 Group meetings  12
9 Safety and health promotion, communication and participation  13
10 Safe work procedures  14
11 Evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors  16
12 Maintenance of plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools  17
13 Management of hazardous substances  19
14 Workplace health programmes  19
15 Emergency preparedness and response  22
16 WSH inspections  23
17 In-house safety rules and regulations  25
18 Internal review for continual improvement  26
19 Incident investigation and analysis  26

Bibliography  28

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Foreword

This Code of PracticeSingapore Standard was prepared by the Working Group on Workplace
Safety and Health Management System for Construction Worksites set up by the Technical
Committee on Construction PracticeManagement under the directionpurview of the Construction
Industry Practice Committee.

The Factories (Building Operations and Works of Engineering and Construction)(Amendment)

Regulations 1994 requires that the occupier of a worksite where the contract sum of the work to
be carried out is Standards Committee. $10 million or more shall implement a

This standard is a revision of CP 79:1999, “Code of practice for safety management system for
the purpose of ensuring the safety and protecting the health of all workers in the worksite.

This code represents a standard of good practice and has been prepared with the objective of
formulating the discipline to which these procedures should conform. It also stipulates requirements
for the 13 elements in the Regulations and an additional element on Occupational Health.

It is intended for those involved in construction activities especially those in the preparation,
supervision and execution of majorworkers”. This revision is intended to encourage, promote and
support worksites to adopt, develop and implement an effective Workplace Safety and Health
(WSH) management system. It also endeavours to embrace construction works. This code is also
recommended to be used by the occupier of a worksite where the contract sum of the work to be
carried out is less than $10 million. It forms a basis for audittechnological and reviewinnovative
initiatives in the developing of the safetyWSH management system.

This code recommends the adherence to the relevant authorities’ Acts and Regulationssets a
basic standard of good WSH procedures and stipulates the required elements of a fundamental
safety and health management system.

The key changes in this revision are as follows:

a) Aligned with ISO 45001:2018 Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle for an organisational

process approach as well as the current WSH requirements

b) Updated WSH requirements

It is presupposed that in the course of their work, users will comply with all relevant regulatory
and statutory requirements. Some examples of relevant regulations and acts are listed in the
Bibliography. The Singapore Standards Council and Enterprise Singapore shall not be responsible
for identifying all of such legal obligations.

In preparing this standard, reference was made to the following publications:

a) SS ISO 45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements

with guidance for use

b) SS 508 Specification for graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs (Parts 1 to 5)

c) SS 548:2009 Code of practice for selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective
devices

d) SS 586-3:2008(2014) Specification for hazard communication for hazardous chemicals

and dangerous goods – Preparation of safety data sheets (SDS)

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e) Guide to Total Workplace Safety and Health (2014)

f) Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines – Improving Ergonomics in the Workplace (2014)

g) Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines – Managing Heat Stress in the Workplace (2020)

h) Workplace Safety and Healthy Act 2006

Acknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publications.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may
be the subject of patent rights. Enterprise Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all of such patent rights.

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NOTE

1. Singapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are reviewed periodically to keep abreast of technical
changes, technological developments and industry practices. The changes are documented through the issue of
either amendments or revisions.

2. An SS or TR is voluntary in nature except when it is made mandatory by a regulatory authority. It can also be cited
in contracts making its application a business necessity. Users are advised to assess and determine whether the
SS or TR is suitable for their intended use or purpose. If required, they should refer to the relevant professionals or
experts for advice on the use of the document. Enterprise Singapore shall not be liable for any damages whether
directly or indirectly suffered by anyone or any organisation as a result of the use of any SS or TR.

3. Compliance with a SS or TR does not exempt users from any legal obligations.

NOTE

1. Singapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are reviewed periodically to keep abreast of technical
changes, technological developments and industry practices. The changes are documented through the issue of
either amendments or revisions. Where SSs are deemed to be stable, i.e. no foreseeable changes in them, they
will be classified as “mature standards”. Mature standards will not be subject to further review unless there are
requests to review such standards.

2. An SS or TR is voluntary in nature except when it is made mandatory by a regulatory authority. It can also be cited
in contracts making its application a business necessity. Users are advised to assess and determine whether the
SS or TR is suitable for their intended use or purpose. If required, they should refer to the relevant professionals
or experts for advice on the use of the document. Enterprise Singapore and the Singapore Standards Council shall
not be liable for any damages whether directly or indirectly suffered by anyone or any organisation as a result of
the use of any SS or TR. Although care has been taken to draft this standard, users are also advised to ensure
that they apply the information after due diligence.

3. Compliance with a SS or TR does not exempt users from any legal obligations.

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Code of practice for workplace safety and health management

system for construction worksites
1 Scope

This standard is intended for worksites involved in the preparation, supervision and execution of
construction works. It is also intended as a fundamental system approach for any organisation
which has yet to establish a basic safety and health management system.

It specifies the general requirements for a workplace safety and health (WSH) management system
for worksites and gives guidance for its use, to enable organisations to provide safe and healthy
workplaces, by preventing work-related injury and ill health.

This standard is applicable to any organisation in the construction industry that wishes to
establish, implement and maintain a WSH management system to improve safety and health,
eliminate hazards and minimise WSH risks (including system deficiencies), take advantage of
WSH opportunities and address WSH management system non-conformities associated with its
activities.

This standard helps an organisation to achieve and maintain the intended outcomes of its WSH
management system which include:

a) providing safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work-related injury
and ill health;

b) continual improvement of WSH performance;

c) fulfilment of legal and other requirements; and

d) achievement of WSH objectives.

It also envisages that any organisation with an existing established WSH management system
will seek to continually improve its WSH performance outcomes.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

SS 508-1 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings

SS 508-2 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings

SS 508-3 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Design principles for
graphical symbols for use in safety signs

SS 508-4 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Colorimetric and photometric
properties of safety sign materials

SS 508-5 Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Registered safety signs

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1 Agency of incident

The agency which, because of its hazardous nature or condition, precipitated the event of incidents.

3.2 Competent person

A person who has sufficient skill, experience and training to perform the work as appointed by
the occupier.

3.3 Corrective action

An action to eliminate the non-fulfilment of a requirement and to prevent its recurrence.

3.4 Hazard

A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury, ill-health, damage to
property or a combination of these.

3.5 Hazardous substances

Substances used in the worksite, which are generally toxic, corrosive and/or inflammable.

3.6 Incident

The event which occurs on the premises of the worksite which results in:

a) death or injury to person(s); and/or

b) has a potential to cause harm to persons, damage to property and loss to process(es);
and/or

c) dangerous occurrence(s).

3.7 Industrial dermatitis

Skin disease caused or aggravated by the working environment.

3.8 Interested parties

Persons or groups inside or outside the workplace concerned with or affected by the WSH
performance of an organisation.

3.9 Lifting machine

Any crane, crab, winch, teagle, runway, transporter, piling frame, piling machine and any work
platform or suspended scaffold capable of being raised or lowered by climbers, winches or other
powered device.

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3.10 Loss

The fact or process of losing something or someone incurred as a result of incidents.

3.11 Method statement

A document that provides a step-by-step approach towards the safe completion of a specific
activity.

3.12 Occupier

In relation to a factory, a person who occupies or uses premises of a factory.

3.13 Permit-to-work system

An authorisation system of allowing high risk construction works.

3.14 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Personal protective clothing and appliances to be provided and maintained for all workers
employed in any process involving exposure to hazardous conditions and substances.

3.15 Plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools

Any plants, machinery, equipment, hand tool, gear, apparatus or appliance or any part thereof.

3.16 Respirator

A personal device designed to help protect the user from the inhalation of contaminants and/or
against oxygen deficient atmospheres excluding surgical masks.

3.17 Risk

The combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event occurring.

3.18 Safety data sheet (SDS)

The SDS provides comprehensive information about a chemical substance or mixture for use in
the workplace chemical control regulatory frameworks. Both employers and employees use it as
a source of information about chemical hazards and their safety precautions. The information
therefore enables the employer to develop an active programme for employee protection measures,
including training, which is specific to the individual workplace; and to consider any measures
which may be necessary to protect the environment.

3.19 Worker

A person performing work or work-related activities that are under the control of the organisation.

3.20 Workplace

In relation to worksite. It is the work areas/locations within a worksite where worker carry out the
work.

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3.21 Work procedure

A step-by-step approach towards the safe completion of a general job or task.

3.22 Worksite

The premises where any building operations or works of engineering construction are being carried
out.

3.23 SafetyUse of “shall”, “should”, “may” and “can”

In this standard, the following verbal forms are used:

– “shall” indicates that the requirement is strictly to be followed in order to conform to the
standard and from which no deviation is permitted;

– “should” indicates a recommendation;

– “may” indicates a permission;

– “can” indicates a possibility or a capacity.

14 WSH policy

1.14.1 Objective

The objective of the safetyWSH policy is to set down in clear and unambiguous terms, the
occupier’s management approach and commitment to safetyprevent work-related injury and ill
health on the premises of the worksite.

1.24.2 General

4.2.1 The occupier’s management with executive or site responsibility shall define and
document its policy for safety including objectives for its commitment to safety. The safety policy
shall be relevant to the occupier’s organisational goals and the expectations and needs of the
industry. The occupier shall ensure that its policy is understood, implemented and maintained at
all levels of the organisation.occupier shall establish, implement and maintain a WSH policy that
includes a commitment to/for:

1.3 Safety organisation

a) Provide safe and healthy working conditions for the prevention of work-related injury and
ill health and is appropriate for the purpose, size and context of the organisation;

b) Fulfil legal and other requirements;

c) Eliminate hazards and reduce WSH risks;

d) Continual improvement of the WSH management system; and

e) Consultation with and participation of workers, and, where they exist, workers’
representatives.

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4.2.2 The WSH policy shall be:

a) Available as documented information;

b) Communicated within the organisation;

c) Available to interested parties, as appropriate; and

d) Relevant and appropriate.

4.3 WSH objectives and WSH plan(s)

The occupier shall establish documented WSH objectives, for relevant functions and levels within
the organisation.

The objectives shall be measurable, specific, attainable, relevant, timely, and aligned with the
WSH policy, to prevent work-related injury and ill health, to comply with the applicable legal and
other requirements to which the organisation subscribes and for continual improvement.

When establishing and reviewing its objectives, the occupier shall take into account the legal and
other requirements to which the occupier subscribes and its WSH risks.

The occupier shall establish, implement and maintain a plan(s) for achieving its objectives.

Plan(s) shall include as a minimum:

a) Designation of responsibility and authority for achieving objectives at relevant functions

and levels of the organisation; and

b) The resources and time-frame(s) by which the objectives are to be achieved.

The plan(s) shall be reviewed at regular, planned intervals and adjusted as necessary, to ensure
that the objectives are achieved.

4.4 Policy review

The occupier shall review the WSH policy at defined intervals sufficient to ensure its continuing
suitability and effectiveness in satisfying the requirements of its WSH management system.
Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

1.3.15 Responsibility and authority of organisation

The responsibility, authority and the interrelation of personnelworker(s) who manage, perform and
verify work affecting safetyWSH shall be defined and documented, particularly. Workers at each
level of the organisation shall assume responsibility for personnel who need the organisational
freedom and authority to:those aspects of the WSH management system over which they have
control.

The responsibility of the worker shall at a minimum, include the following:

a) initiateInitiate action and to prevent the occurrence of any nonconformitiesnon-conformities

relating to the practice, process and safetyWSH management system;

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b) identifyIdentify and record any problems relating to the practice, process and safetyWSH
management system;

c) initiateInitiate, recommend or provide solutions through designated channels;

d) verifyVerify the implementation of solutions; and

e) initiateInitiate temporary suspension(s) until the deficiency(ies) or unsatisfactory

practice(s) and condition(s) have been corrected.

1.3.2 Resources

The occupier shall identify resource requirements and provide adequate resources, including the
assignment of trained personnel for management performance of work and verification activities
including safety audits and reviews.

1.2 Policy review

The occupier’s management with executive or site responsibility shall review the safety policy at
defined intervals sufficient to ensure its continuing suitability and effectiveness in satisfying the
requirements of this safety management system. Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

2 Safe work practices

6 Risk management

2.16.1 Objective

The objective of safe work practices risk management is to ensure that all works are carried out in
a safe manner so as identify and manage existing and potential hazards to eliminate or minimise
occurrence of incidentsthe risk of work-related injury and ill health.

2.26.2 General

The occupier shall establish and maintain procedures for the safe execution of works. These
procedures shall be documented as work procedures, method statements or permit-to-work
system. Such procedures shall also take into consideration the safety of the public, implement and
maintain a procedure(s) for the ongoing hazard identification, risk assessment and determination
of necessary controls.

2.3 Types of safe works practices

6.3 Safe work practicesRisk assessment and opportunities

6.3.1 Procedure

The procedure(s) for risk assessment and opportunities shall includetake into account but not be
limited to the following:

a) specificAll work activities;

b) Activities of all persons having access to the workplace (including contractors and
visitors);

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c) Human factors and the workers’ wellness/well-being;

d) Identified hazards originating outside the workplace capable of adversely affecting the
WSH of persons under the control of the occupier within the workplace;

e) Hazards created in the vicinity of the workplace by work related activities under the control
of the occupier;

f) Infrastructure, equipment and materials at the workplace, whether provided by the

occupier or others;

g) Changes in the workplace, its activities or materials (refer to 10.4);

h) The design of work areas, processes, installations, machinery/equipment, operating

procedures and work organisation;

i) Opportunities to adapt work activities, work organisation and conditions to workers; and

j) Opportunities to eliminate hazards and reduce risks.

6.3.2 Methodology

The occupier’s methodology for risk assessment and opportunities shall be as follows:

a) Defined with respect to its scope, nature and timing to ensure it is proactive rather than
reactive; and

b) Provide for the identification, prioritisation and documentation of risks and the application
of controls, as appropriate.

The occupier shall ensure that the results of these assessments are considered when determining
controls.

6.4 Determining controls

When determining controls, or considering changes to existing control, risk shall be reduced
according to the hierarchy as follows:

a) Elimination;

b) Substitution;

c) Engineering control;

d) Administrative control; and

e) PPE.

The occupier shall document and keep the results of identification of hazards, risk assessments
and determined controls up to date in a register.

The occupier shall ensure that the WSH risks and determined controls are in place when
establishing, implementing and maintaining its WSH management system.

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6.5 Review

The risk assessment shall be reviewed at least once every three years, upon occurrence of any
bodily injury to any person as a result of exposure to a hazard in the workplace or where there is
a significant change in work practices or procedures.

7 Competence, training and awareness

7.1 Objective

The objective of competence, training and awareness is to enable all workers to perform their
duties in a safe manner.

7.2 General

7.2.1 The occupier shall ensure that any worker(s) under its control is/are competent on the
basis of qualification, training and/or experience.

The occupier shall identify training needs associated with its WSH risks and management system.
It shall provide training or take other action(s) to meet these needs and evaluate the effectiveness
of the training or action(s) taken. The training procedures shall take into account differing levels
of responsibility, ability, language skills and literacy.

7.2.2 The occupier shall make known to the worker(s) but not be limited to the following:

a) The WSH consequences, actual or potential, of their work activities, their behaviour and
the WSH benefits of improved personal performance;

b) Their roles and responsibilities and the importance of achieving conformity with the WSH
policy and procedures and with the requirements of the WSH management system,
including emergency preparedness and response requirements (refer to Clause 15); and

a)c) The potential consequences of departure from such as piling, excavation etc;

b) use of plant, equipment and machinery such as lifting machine and construction vehicles
and machinery; and

c) erection and use of temporary structures and installations such as site offices, workers’
quarters, scaffolds, falsework and electrical installation.

2.4 Application of safe work practices

Safe work practices shall be considered at the following stages where applicable:

a) design and approval;

b) mobilisation;

c) construction; and

d) de-mobilisation.

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2.5 Permit-to-work system

The occupier shall establish a permit-to-work system for specialised work processes which shall
include:

a) works at height ( eg works on scaffold);

b) works in confined spaces;

c) works involving excavation and trenching;

d) works involving hazardous materials;

e) works in hazardous environment;

f) hot-work; and

g) blasting operation such as granite blasting.

The authorised person shall assess the following conditions before issuing the permit-to-work:

i) nature of the work to be performed;

ii) location where the work is to be carried out;

iii) plant, equipment and machinery involved;

iv) duration of the work carried out;

v) presence of inherent or potential hazards;

vi) provision and use of personal protective equipment;

vii) competency of personnel permitted to carry out the work;

viii) provision of fire fighting access and facilities; and

ix) other precautionary measures to be taken.

2.6 Statutory requirements on safe work practices As

amended
Jun 10
The occupier shall establish and maintain a list of all relevant statutory requirements.

Relevant Singapore Standards shall be adopted. In the absence of a Singapore Standard, British
Standards or other internationally recognised standards shall be adopted.

Workspecified procedures or instructions that are statutory requirements shall conform to the
conditions of the said requirements in content, format and authorisations.

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3 Safety training

3.1 Objective

The objective of safety training is to equip employees at all levels with the knowledge, skills and
attitudes which will enable them to perform their duties in a safe and efficient manner.

3.2 General

The occupier shall establish procedures to identify training needs and provide adequate safety
training including refresher training to management, supervisors, workers and safety personnel.
The occupier shall also ensure that proper training records are documented and maintained.

3.3 Identification of training needs

The occupier shall establish procedures to identify training needs of all personnel in order to
provide them with comprehensive training of the rules and regulations, statutory requirements,
procedures and instructions relevant to their particular duties.

The occupier shall establish and maintain a list of all statutory training requirements.

3.3.1 Statutory training

7.2.3 The workers shall be made aware of the following:

a) The workplace WSH policy and objectives;

b) Their contribution to the WSH management system, the benefits of having an improved
WSH performance, the implications and potential consequences of not conforming to the
WSH management system;

c) The learning of workplace incidents and investigations;

d) The risk assessment of the work activities; and

e) The ability to remove themselves from work situations that can cause bodily harm to
them.

7.3 Training requirements

The occupier shall be familiar with the statutoryprevailing training requirements and ensure that
all personnelworkers possess relevant training qualifications. Such statutory training requirements
shall include those as defined in the Factories Act and its subsidiary legislation.

3.3.2 Other safety training

The occupier shall also provide other training courses for personnel at all levels of organization
when necessary.

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3.4 Training for management personnel

All management personnel shall undergo safety training which shall include safety policy, safety
management system, safety organisation, statutory requirements on safety and their duties and
responsibilities in safety and certifications.

3.57.4 Training for supervisory personnelrecords

The occupier shall ensure that all safety training records are documented and maintained.

8 Group meetings
8.1 Objective
All supervisors shall undergo the necessary safety training so as to achieve a better understanding
of the safety aspect of the work operations and to ensure that the tasks are carried out safely.

3.6 Training for workers

All workers shall undergo in-house safety training before they are allowed to commence work. The
training program shall include the safe work practices and in-house safety rules and regulations.

3.7 Training records

The occupier shall ensure that all safety training records are documented and maintained.Group
meetingsObjective

4 Group meetings
4.1 Objective
The objective of the group meeting is to inform and formally address issues and take appropriate
actions to achieve the worksite safety and healthWSH management system objectives.

4.28.2 General
The occupier shall establish procedures to ensure thethat regular group meetings are conducted
effectivelyand at regular intervals. The occupier shall also ensure that recordsthe minutes of all
such meetings are documented and maintained.

4.38.3 SafetyWSH committee meetings

The occupier shall set up a safetyIt is mandatory to form a WSH committee. The safety if the
worksite has a workforce of 50 or more persons and is regarded as a factory 1 under the WSH Act.
The occupier shall set up a WSH committee. The WSH committee shall address safety issues
and ensure a safe working environment for all personnelworkers. The committee shall include:

a) the chairman who shall be the most senior manager on site;

b) the secretary who shall be the safetyWSH officer; and (the chairman to appoint the
secretary if the project does not require a WSH officer);

c) sufficient representatives from all trades to ensure that all aspects of the work operations
are adequately covered. (representatives shall be site-based management staff); and/or

d) workers’ representatives.

1
For the definition of a factory, refer to the WSH Regulatory Framework on Ministry of Manpower’s website.

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Members of the committee shall be competent, be committed to safety and possess positive
attitude towards safety promotion. They shall be given the necessary support to perform their
duties.

TheIt is presupposed that functions and responsibilities of the committee are in compliance with
applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. The minutes of the meetings shall be properly
recorded and maintained. All decisions and follow-up actions shall be documented.shall conform
to the statutory requirements. The minutes of the meetings shall be properly recorded and
maintained. All decisions and follow-up actions shall be documented.

4.48.4 Tool boxToolbox meetings and safety briefings

The occupier shall ensure tool boxtoolbox meetings are conducted at stipulatedregular intervals
within work groups to effectively communicate and coordinate work instructions and to promote
safe conduct of work.Safety briefings shall also be carried out regularly for larger cohorts. Hazards,
risks and all the control measures shall be communicated.

Safety briefings shall also be carried out regularly for larger cohorts.

8.5 Co-ordination meeting

The occupier shall ensure work operations are properly coordinated through the setting up of
suitable co-ordination meetings.

4.5 Co-ordination meeting

The occupier shall ensure work operations are properly coordinated through the setting up of
suitable co-ordination meetings. The objective of these meetings is to eliminate hazards arising
from incompatible works and poor management of work operations.

5 Incident investigation and analysis

9 Safety and health promotion, communication and participation

5.19.1 Objective

The objective of incident investigation and analysis is to establish causes of incidents and to
prevent recurrence.

5.2 General

The occupier shall establish and maintain procedures to identify, record, investigate and analyse
incidents with the objective of implementing specific corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

5.3 Identification and record of incidents

The occupier shall set up a mechanism to identify and record all incidents at work.

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5.4 Investigation of incidents

The occupier shall establish procedures for the investigation of incidents. The procedures shall
include the following:

a) types of incidents to be investigated;

b) prompt reporting of incidents to designated persons;

c) competent persons responsible for the investigation;

d) investigation procedures;

e) identification of root causes;

The occupier shall establish the root cause of incident such as deficiency in the safety
management system. The investigation shall not be limited to identification of unsafe
conditions and unsafe acts only.

f) recommendation and implementation of follow-up actions.

Short term actions shall focus on the corrective measures that need to be implemented immediately
to prevent recurrence while long term recommendations shall seek to improve the overall safety
management system.

5.5 Analysis of incident statistics

The occupier with multiple projects or projects with long contract period shall establish procedures
to monitor and analyse incident trend and provide preventive actions.

Such analysis shall include:

a) types of incidents;

b) agency of incidents;

c) causes of incidents;

d) human elements;

e) incident frequency rate; and

f) incident severity rate.

The report of analysis shall be made available to all personnel at the worksite. The report shall
be maintained for future reference.

6 In-house safety rules and regulations

6.1 Objective

The objective of in-house safety rules and regulations is to ensure all personnel know their
obligations and responsibilities and comply to the rules and regulations.

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6.2 General

The occupier shall establish procedures to ensure in-house rules and regulations are implemented
and enforced diligently at the worksite.

6.3 In-house rules and regulations

The in-house rules and regulations shall include the following:

a) provision and use of personal protective equipment;

b) operation and maintenance of plant, machinery and equipment;

c) handling, storage and use of materials;

d) reporting of hazards and incidents;

e) general housekeeping at the worksite; and

f) removal of fire hazards.

The in-house rules and regulations shall conform to the Factories Act and its subsidiary legislations
and all other statutory requirements.

6.4 Training and review of rules and regulations

The occupier shall ensure that the in-house safety rules and regulations are communicated to all
levels of the organization through safetyWSH promotion, training or other means.

The occupier shall establish procedures to review the rulescommunication and regulations to
ensure its suitability and effectiveness. Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

6.5 Safety sign

The occupier shall establish a system of colour coding and safety signs to draw attention and
provide information on potential hazards. The use of colour coding and safety signs shall conform
to the existing standards.

7 Safety promotion

7.1 Objective

The objective of safety promotionparticipation is to develop and maintain safetyWSH awareness

among all personnelworkers.

7.29.2 General

The occupier through the processes of communication should encourage participation in good
WSH practices and support for its WSH policy and WSH objectives from those affected by its
activities or interested in its WSH management system.

The occupier’s communication processes should provide for the flow of information throughout
the organisation. It should provide for both the gathering and the dissemination of information.
It should ensure that WSH information is provided, received and understood by all the workers.

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The occupier’s procedure(s) should address the need for the active and ongoing participation of
workers in the development and review of WSH practices and, where appropriate, the development
of the WSH management system. The participation arrangements should take into account of any
legal and other requirements.

Workers should be informed about the arrangements that have been made for their participation
and the individual who represents them on WSH matters.

The occupier shall establish and maintain programsprogrammes to promote safetyWSH at the
worksite. The promotion programmes are toshould demonstrate the management’s commitment
towards establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working environment.

7.39.3 Promotional activities

The promotional activities shallshould include but not be limited to the following:

a) displayDisplay of safetyWSH policy;

b) displayDisplay of incidentaccident statistics and pictures;

c) displayDisplay of safetyWSH banners and, posters, bulletins and alerts;

d) distributionDistribution of safetyWSH handbooks and brochures;

e) participationParticipation in external safetyWSH activities;

f) conductConduct of in-house safety exhibitionWSH exhibitions and safety talks;

g) demonstration ofDisplay pictorial safe work procedures;

h) screeningScreening of safetyWSH videos or slides;

i) settingSetting up of safety improvementWSH innovation teams

j) demonstration of first-aid drills; and

k)j) conduct of emergency drillsOrganising time-out activities, WSH events, role-play,

campaign, contests and exercisescompetitions.

The occupier shall ensure that all personnelworkers participate in the safetyWSH promotional
activities.

7.4 Safety bulletin boards

The occupier shall provide, erect and maintain safety bulletin boards at suitable locations for
display of safety information such as safety policy, safety news, safety posters and other safety
promotional materials.

All safety promotional materials shall be prepared and documented in appropriate languages
understood by workers. The materials shall be aided with diagrams or pictures for easy
understanding.

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7.5 Recognition of good safety performance

The occupier shall, as part of the safety promotional activities, establish procedures to
recognise, acknowledge and reward individuals and teams with good safety performance.

7.69.4 Records of promotionpromotional activities

The occupier shall ensure that records for all safetyWSH promotional activities are properly
documented and maintained.

10 Safe work procedures

10.1 Objective

The objective of safe work procedures is to ensure that all works are carried out in a safe and
healthy manner so as to eliminate hazards and reduce WSH risks.

10.2 General

10.2.1 Scope of safe work procedures

The occupier shall establish and maintain procedures for the safe execution of works from design
and approval, mobilisation, construction and de-mobilisation stages inclusive of defect liability
periods. These procedures shall be documented as work procedures, instructions, method
statements or permit-to-work systems.

10.2.2 Activities requiring safe work procedures

Safe work procedures shall be established for the following:

a) All related work processes (piling, excavation, formwork, etc);

b) Use of plants, equipment, machinery or hand tools such as lifting machines, construction
vehicles and machinery; and

c) Erection and use of temporary structures and installations such as site offices, workers’
quarters, scaffolds, falsework and electrical installations.

10.2.3 Other safe work procedure

The following procedures shall also be established:

a) The safety of the public;

b) Incompatible works;

c) Presence of supervision;

d) Correct tools and equipment for the works; and

e) Competency of the workers.

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10.3 Permit-to-work (PTW) system

10.3.1 High risk construction works requiring PTW system

The occupier shall establish and implement a permit-to-work system for high-risk construction
works which shall include the following:

a) Demolition work;

b) Excavation and trenching work in a tunnel or hole in the ground exceeding 1.5 m in depth;

c) Lifting operations involving tower, mobile or crawler cranes;

d) Piling work;

e) Tunnelling work;

f) Working from heights (> 3 m); and

g) Confined space(s).

10.3.2 Duties of PTW authorised manager

The authorised manager before issuing the permit-to-work shall evaluate the conditions as follows:

a) Nature of the work to be performed;

b) Location where the work is to be carried out;

c) Plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools involved;

d) Duration of the work to be carried out;

e) Presence of inherent or potential hazards;

f) Provision and use of PPE;

g) Competency of workers permitted to carry out the work;

h) Provision of emergency access and facilities; and

i) Other precautionary measures to be taken.

10.4 Management of change

The occupier shall establish a process(es) for the implementation and control of planned temporary
and permanent changes taking into account the changes in the workplace, activities, materials,
legal requirements, information about hazards and risks, technology, new equipment/machinery
and processes.

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811 Evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors

8.1
11.1 Objective

The objective of evaluation, selection and control of sub-contractors is to ensure that sub-contractors
are aware of their safety obligations and that only sub-contractors who can meet these obligations
are employed at the worksite.

8.2
11.2 General

The occupier shall set up a system to evaluate the safety performance of prospective
sub-contractors who intend to undertake the works. Only competent sub-contractors who meet
the safety requirements and expectations shall be selected for the works.

The occupier shall provide the sub-contractor with a full understanding of all the safety
requirements and expectations before the commencement of works. The sub-contractors shall
meet these requirements and expectations at all times during the construction phase.

8.3
11.3 Evaluation of sub-contractors

The occupier shall establish procedures to evaluate the sub-contractors’ safety performance. The
result of these evaluations shall be used as a criteriacriterion in the selection of sub-contractors.

The evaluation of the sub-contractorscontractors’ safety performance shall include the following:

a) company’s safetySub-contractor’s WSH policy and safety management system;

b) safetySafety plan, risk management, safe work procedures and method statements;

c) listingMaintenance and use of construction plantplants, machinery and, equipment and

hand tools;

d) safetySafety track records; and training records

e) Competencies of workers (managers, supervisors and workers); and

e)f) Safety organisation.

The occupier shall establish and maintain safety records of acceptable sub-contractors.

8.4
11.4 Selection of sub-contractors

The occupier shall establish procedures to select sub-contractors on the basis of their ability to
meet sub-the contract safetyWSH requirements.

The written contract agreement shall stipulate the performance of the sub-contractors including
specific safety requirements for the works.

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8.5
11.5 Control of sub-contractors

The occupier shall establish procedures to ensure that the safety requirements in the contract
agreementagreements are implemented effectively on-site duringfor every phase of the construction
phaseproject. The occupier shall:

a) establish an effective on-going programongoing programme to evaluate the safety

performance of the sub-contractors;

b) review regularly the effectiveness of the sub-contractor’s safety plan which may include
but not be limited to risk assessment, fall prevention plan, working from heights and traffic
management plan;

c) carry out periodic inspections to ensure the sub-contractor’s compliance with safety
requirements; and

d) review training needs and safety training records of the sub-contractors; and.

e) keep incident statistics of all sub-contractors.

9 Safety inspections

12 Maintenance of plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools

9.1
12.1 Objective

The objective of safety inspections is to verify that safety provisions and practices conform to
worksite rules and regulations and relevant statutory requirements.

9.2 General

The occupier shall establish and maintain documented procedures for safety inspections to
maintenance is to ensure that unsafe conditions and practices at the worksite are identified and
corrective measures are implemented promptly and effectively.

9.3 Types of inspections

Safety inspections shall include the following:

a) general regular inspection;

b) safety committee inspection;

c) plantall plants, machinery

d) special inspection.

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Special inspections are:

i) inspection arising from incident occurrence;

ii) inspection arising from hazard analysis;

iii) inspection of specialised operations and, equipment such as specialised shoring system
and tunneling equipment; and

iv) other specified inspection as required by authorities such as Fire Safety Bureau.

9.4 Competency of safety inspectors

The occupier shall ensure that the safety inspections are carried out by competent persons who are
conversant with safe work practices, in-house rules and regulations, and statutory requirements.

9.5 Inspection methodology

The inspection methodology shall include the following:

a) safety inspections are carried out at a specified frequency and thoroughness

commensurate with the dynamic and rapid changes of the worksite conditions;

b) suitable safety checklists shall be developed and maintained to facilitate the inspection;
and

c) the results of the inspection shall be recorded in the checklists and reported to the
responsible person.

9.6 Follow-up system

The occupier shall establish procedures for the implementation of corrective and preventive
actions. The procedures for the corrective and preventive actions shall include:

a) investigation of the causes of unsafe practices and conditions;

b) determination of actions needed to eliminate the cause of non conformities;

c) application of controls to ensure that corrective and preventive actions are taken and
that they are effective; and

d) monitoring the implementation of the corrective actions.

10 Maintenance regime for all machinery and equipment

10.1 Objective

The objective of a maintenance regime is to ensure that all hand tools, plant, machinery and
equipment hand tools used at the worksite are regularly maintained so that they do not present
any hazard(s) due to the lack of repair and/or maintenance.

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10.2
12.2 General

The occupier shall establish a maintenance programprogramme to ensure the safe and efficient
operation of hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and hand tools used at the
worksite. This programprogramme shall apply to hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment
and hand tools owned by all sub-contractors and suppliers. It shall include the following:

10.3 Maintenance program

The occupier shall implement an effective maintenance program which shall include:

a) listingListing of hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and hand tools;

b) scheduleSchedule of inspection and maintenance;

c) procedureProcedure for breakdown and repair; and

d) recordRecord of inspection and maintenance.

12.3 Maintenance programme

10.3.1
12.3.1 Listing of hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and hand tools

The occupier shall identify, compile and maintain a list of all hand tools plantplants, machinery
and, equipment and hand tools used at the worksite that require regular maintenance.

10.3.2
12.3.2 Schedule of inspection and maintenance

The occupier shall ensure that all hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and hand
tools be inspected and maintained in accordance to statutory requirements,with industrial practice,
the manufacturer’s recommendations and the worksite’s in-house safety rules and regulations. A
schedule of inspection and maintenance shall be documented and maintained.

Defects and malfunctions identified during the inspection shall be documented and brought to the
attention of the authorised personnelreferred for corrective action such as repairs. All repaired
hand tools, plant, machinery and equipment shall be certified by authorised competent person
prior to re-use.

10.3.3
12.3.3 Procedure for breakdown and repair

The occupier shall establish procedures for the breakdown and repair of all hand tools, plantplants,
machinery and, equipment and hand tools which shall include the following:

a) identifyIdentify and record all defects and malfunctions;

b) ensureEnsure that all repairs are carried out by authorisedcompetent persons and
conform to statutory requirements,the manufacturer’s recommendations and the worksite’s
in-house rules and regulations;

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c) displayDisplay warning signs and notices at the hand tools, plantrespective locations of
the plants, machinery and, equipment and hand tools;

d) ensureEnsure that all hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and hand tools
undergoing repairs be prohibited from use; and

e) ensureEnsure that all repaired hand tools, plantplants, machinery and, equipment and
hand tools are certified by authorisedcompetent personpersons prior to re-use.

RecordsIt is presupposed that all repairs are in compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory
requirements.

10.3.4
12.3.4 Record of inspection and maintenance

The occupier shall document and maintain records of all inspections, maintenance, breakdowns
and repairs carried out including maintenance and repairs by external agents.

10.4
12.4 Competency of maintenance personnelworkers

The occupier shall ensure that the maintenance personnelworkers are trained and competent.
Repairs and maintenance carried out by external agentsshall conform to the manufacturer’s
recommendations and specifications and the worksite’s in-house safety rules and regulations.

11 Hazard analysis

11.1 Objective

The objective of hazard analysis is to identify and manage existing and potential hazards to
eliminate or minimise the risk of incidents.

11.2 General

The occupier shall establish procedures to identify and analyse all existing and potential hazards.
The procedures shall include the development and implementation of hazard analysis plan.

11.3 Hazard analysis plan

The occupier shall establish a hazard analysis plan which shall include the following:

a) formation of hazard analysis team;

b) duty and responsibility of team members;

c) hazard analysis method;

d) hazard analysis report; and

e) implementation of control measures.

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11.4 Hazard analysis method

The hazard analysis method shall include the following:

a) identification and record of existing and potential hazards;

b) identification of persons exposed to the hazards;

c) analysis and assessment of the risk involved; and

d) elimination or prevention of the risk.

11.5 Hazard analysis report

The hazard analysis report shall include the following:

a) records of all existing and potential hazards;

b) findings of analysis and assessment; and

c) development and implementation of control measures.

1213 The control of movement and useManagement of hazardous

substances and chemicals

12.1
13.1 Objective

The objective is to ensure that the storage, movement, use and disposal of hazardous substances
and chemicals are managed to minimise occurrence of incidents.

12.2
13.2 General

The occupier shall establish procedures for the proper management of all hazardous substances
and chemicals which shall include flammable, toxic or corrosive substances. The procedures shall
include the control of the receipt, storage, distribution, use and final disposal of such substances.

12.3
13.3 Management of hazardous substances and chemicalsprogramme

It is presupposed that the establishment and implementation of a management programme are in

compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

The occupier shallestablish a control program which shall include the following:

a) maintenanceMaintenance of a register of hazardous materialssubstances compiled from

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). The MSDS shall contain accurate and adequate
information on:SDSs;

-composition, physical and chemical properties of the material; and

-instructions for safe handling, storage, use and disposal.

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b) appointmentAppointment of a competent person to receive such materialshazardous

substances and ensure itstheir safe storage and use;

c) establishmentEstablishment of procedures for the labelling, (Globally Harmonised

System), issue, distribution and use of hazardous substances;

d) communicationCommunication to the users, of the hazards associated with the hazardous

materialssubstances by thea competent person to the users. This shall include the
provision of the following:

– safetyWSH training and instructions tofor the users; and

– personal protectiveThe proper use of PPE;

e) Designation of proper and secured storage areas for the hazardous substances whereby
all hazardous substances shall be returned to the designated storage areas when not in
use; and

f) Establishment and implementation of procedures for the disposal of hazardous substances

shall be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

14 Workplace health programmes

14.1 Objective

The workplace health programmes manage health and well-being in the workplace. This approach
views a healthy workplace as one that has workers and managers collaborating in a continual
improvement process to protect and promote the health and well-being of all workers and the
sustainability of the workplace.

The objective of the workplace health programmes is to protect workers from occupational health
hazards relevant to the construction industry such as fatigue, noise, dust, toxic gases, vapours
and radiation.

14.2 General

The occupier shall plan and implement workplace health programmes on hearing conservation,
respiratory protection, ergonomics and heat stress. In addition, programmes for personal eye
protection, protection against radioactive hazards, the prevention of industrial dermatitis, work-
related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), and strains and the provision of designated rest areas
to address fatigue conditions shall be documented and implemented.

MSDs are muscle, tendon or nerve disorders caused by repetitive exertions, rapid motions,
awkward postures, high force contact stresses, vibrations, and/or low temperatures. Work-related
MSDs are also referred to as cumulative trauma disorders, repetitive strain injuries, or repetitive
motion illnesses. These disorders are characterised by discomfort, impairment, disability or
persistent pains in joints, muscles, tendons or other soft tissues.

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14.3 Hearing conservation programme

The hearing conservation programme shall include the following:

a) Regular monitoring of noise levels;

b) Reduction of noise levels through engineering and administrative control measures;

c) Selection, provision and maintenance of suitable hearing protectors and supervision of

their use;

d) Posting of warning signs and labelling of noisy equipment; and

e) suitable Arranging for pre-employment and annual audiometric examinations for workers
who are exposed to noise above 85 dB(A) over an 8 h work day.

14.4 Respiratory protection programme

The respiratory protection programme shall include the following:

a) Regular monitoring of airborne contaminants where indicated;

b) Reduction of airborne contaminants through engineering and administrative control

measures; and

c) Selection, provision and maintenance of suitable respirators and supervision of their use.

14.5 Ergonomics programme

An ergonomics programme provides a systematic approach to manage ergonomic hazards and

issues at the workplace. The establishment of a programme should offer better informed choices
and help create a safety culture which promotes good ergonomics at work.

There are seven key elements in an ergonomics programme as follows:

a) Management commitment and policy;

b) Employee involvement;

c) Training and education;

d) Hazard identification tag to be worn by the users handling the materials;

e) designationWorkplace monitoring, reporting and medical management;

f) Implementation of storage areas whichcontrol measures; and

g) Evaluation and review.

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14.6 Heat stress management programme

14.6.1 General

Heat stress occurs when the accumulation of heat in the body exceeds the ability of the body
to remove the extra heat. The normal human body maintains the core temperature within a very
narrow range. Temperatures outside of this range limit, will lead to ill health.

The heat stress management programme shall be suitableinclude the following:

a) Heat acclimatisation;

b) Adequate water intake and drinking facilities;

c) Work schedule;

d) Shaded areas for the materials and secured against unauthorised access. Hazardous
materials shallwork where possible;

e) Clothing in outdoor environment; and

f) Fitness to work, worker training and reporting.

14.6.2 Heat acclimatisation

Workers, who come or returning from a colder climate should be acclimatised to the hot weather.
They should not start working at full workload in the hot environment upon arrival.

14.6.3 Adequate water intake and drinking facilities

Workers should be returned tosufficiently hydrated and drinking water should be provided at
convenient locations, close to their work areas.

14.6.4 Work schedule

Alternate work and rest periods should be adequately planned and implemented under hot
conditions.

14.6.5 Shaded areas for work and rest

A shaded area (permanent or temporary) with good airflow should be provided for workers who
need to spend a significant amount of time under the sun. Good airflow may be achieved through
mechanical ventilation, e.g. via the installation of fans. Such rest areas can be set up, e.g. at or
next to a worksite. The shaded rest area should allow workers to have their breaks away from the
hot outdoor working environment. Cool drinking water should also be provided at these designated
storagerest areas when not in use;.

f) establishment and implementation of procedures for disposal of hazardous materials,

which shall be carried out in accordance with statutory requirements or manufacturer’s
recommendations.

Similarly, a cool rest area should be made available to workers who spend a significant amount
of time in a hot indoor working environment.

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14.6.6 Clothing in outdoor environment

Workers should wear appropriate loose-fitting and light-coloured clothing while working in the hot
environment suitable to the task.

14.6.7 Fitness to work, worker training and reporting

Workers should know the symptoms and seriousness of heat-related disorders, the preventive
measures and importance of immediate reporting to their supervisors and seeing a doctor.

14.7 Designated rest area

Safe and proper rest areas should be established for the workforce. Rest areas should be sited in
a safe location away from areas where works are in progress. They should be cordoned off and
properly segregated from adjacent works or travel paths of vehicles and heavy machinery. Proper
on-site traffic management plan should be implemented so that vehicles and workers can move
around safely. Designated rest area should be identified and communicated to the workforce.

1315 Emergency preparedness and response

13.1
15.1 Objective

The objective of emergency preparedness is to ensure emergency situations can be managed

effectively to minimise loss.

13.2
15.2 General

The occupier shall establish emergency plans to respond to emergency situations. The plans shall
be reviewed or tested regularly to ensure itstheir effectiveness and suitability.

13.3 Types of emergency situations

The emergency situations shall include:

a) fire;

b) explosion;

c) failure and collapse of structure;

d) failure and collapse of heavy machinery and equipment;

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13.4
15.3 Emergency plan

The occupier shall establish plans which shall include the following:

a) formationFormation of emergency team(s) and their duties and responsibilityresponsibilities;

b) appointmentAppointment of an emergency coordinator;

c) procedureProcedure for notification and raising of alarms. The list of names and contact
numbers of company personnelworkers, relevant authorities/agencies and emergency
services shall be documented and maintained;

d) initialInitial response procedures and site layout plans for various emergency situations;

e) anAn effective evacuation plan;

f) communicationCommunications to relevant authorities/agencies such as SCDF, PUB,

policeSingapore Police Force, etc;.; and

g) proceduresProcedures and means of controlling and containing loss such as provision

of first aid.

15.4 Types of emergency situations

The emergency situations shall include the following:

a) Fire;

b) Explosion;

c) Failure and collapse of structure;

d) Failure and collapse of heavy machinery and equipment;

e) Leakage of hazardous substances;

f) Adverse weather and flooding; and

g) Any other incident resulting in fatality or multiple serious injuries.

13.5
15.5 Emergency response team

The occupier shall form an emergency response team for initial response to manage an emergency
situation. The team shall comprise of the following:

a) emergencyEmergency coordinator;

b) firstFirst aider;

c) site safety personnel;

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d)c) designatedDesignated fire wardens and rescuers; and

e)d) specialist operatorsEssential services worker.

13.6
15.6 Emergency drills and exercises

The occupier shall conduct emergency drills or exercises at defined intervals to test the
effectiveness of the emergency plans. Records of emergency drills shall be documented and
maintained for evaluation and improvement purposepurposes.

13.7 First-aid program

16 WSH inspections

16.1 Objective

The objective of WSH inspection is to verify that WSH provisions and practices conform to relevant
statutory requirements, and worksite rules and regulations.

16.2 General

The occupier shall establish and maintain documented procedures for WSH inspections to ensure
that unsafe conditions and practices at the worksite are identified and corrective actions are
implemented promptly and effectively.

16.3 Types of inspections

16.3.1 WSH inspections

WSH inspections shall include the following:

a) Routine inspection;

b) WSH committee inspection;

c) Plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools inspection; and

d) Special inspection.

16.3.2 Special inspections

Special inspections shall include the following:

a) Inspection arising from the occurrence of an incident(s);

b) Inspection arising from risk assessment;

c) Inspection of specialised operations and equipment such as a temporary work system;

and

d) Other specified inspection as required by the authorities.

16.4 Competency of workers carrying out inspection

The occupier shall ensure that the workers carrying out the inspection are competent.

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16.5 Inspection methodology

The inspection methodology shall include the following:

a) WSH inspections shall be carried out at a specified frequency and thoroughness

commensurate with the dynamic and rapid changes of the worksite conditions;

b) Suitable WSH checklists shall be developed and maintained to facilitate the inspection;
and

c) The results of the inspection shall be recorded in the checklists and reported to the person
responsible.

16.6 Follow-up system

The occupier shall establish procedures for the implementation of corrective actions.

The procedures for the corrective actions shall include the following:

a) Investigation of the causes of the unsafe practices and/or conditions;

b) Determination of actions needed to eliminate the cause of non-conformities;

c) Application of controls to ensure that corrective actions are taken and that they are
effective; and

d) Monitoring the implementation of the corrective actions, and to take further action if
necessary.

17 In-house safety rules and regulations

17.1 Objective

The objective of the in-house safety rules and regulations is to ensure that all workers know their
obligations and responsibilities.

17.2 General

The occupier shall establish procedures to ensure that the in-house safety rules and regulations
are communicated, implemented and enforced diligently at the worksite.

17.3 In-house safety rules and regulations

The in-house safety rules and regulations shall include the following:

a) Provision and use of PPE;

b) Operation and maintenance of plants, machinery, equipment and hand tools;

c) Handling, storage and use of substances;

d) Reporting of hazards and incidents;

e) General housekeeping at the worksite;

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f) Removal of WSH hazards;

g) Safety signs and colour coding systems;

h) Traffic management plan for the worksite; and

i) Provision of designated rest areas and rest breaks.

17.4 Training and review of rules and regulations

The occupier shall ensure that the in-house safety rules and regulations are communicated to all
levels of the organisation through safety promotion, training or other means.

The occupier shall first-aid program to establish procedures to review and update the in-house
safety rules and regulations to ensure their suitability and effectiveness.

17.5 Safety signs and colour coding

The occupier shall establish a system of safety signs and colour coding to draw attention and
provide first aid and emergency treatment to victims of an accident. This includesinformation on
potential hazards. The use of safety signs and colour coding shall conform to SS 508 series of
standards.

18 Internal review for continual improvement

18.1 Objective

The objective of internal review is to ensure that the WSH management system is suitable,
adequate first aid facilities and trained first-aidersand effective for the worksite in satisfying
its determined requirements and for continual improvement in managing WSH matters in the
organisation.

14 Occupational health programs

18.2 General

The occupier shall conduct an internal review of the WSH management system of the worksite at
defined intervals of at least six months.

Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

18.3 Review

Review shall include but not be limited to the following:

a) WSH policy;

b) WSH targets and objective performance status;

c) WSH objectives and WSH plan;

d) Root causes from incident investigation;

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e) Follow-up of previous review; and

f) Changing circumstance e.g. development of legal and other requirements.

19 Incident investigation and analysis

14.1
19.1 Objective

The objective of occupational health programs is to protect workers from health hazards relevant
to construction industry such as noise, dust, toxic gases, vapours and radiation.

The objective of incident investigation and analysis is to establish causes of incidents. It is

an important tool for preventing the reoccurrence of incidents and identifying opportunities for
improvements.

14.2
19.2 General

The occupier shall planestablish and implement occupational health programs on hearing
conservationmaintain procedures to identify, record, investigate and respiratory protection. In
addition, programs for personal eye protection, protection against radioactive hazards,analyse
incidents with the preventionobjective of industrial dermatitisimplementing specific corrective
actions to prevent their recurrence.

19.3 Identification and work-related back injuries and strainsrecord of incidents

The occupier shall be documented and implementedset up a mechanism to identify and record all
incidents at work, including incidents affecting interested parties.

14.3 Hearing conservation program

The hearing conservation program

19.4 Investigation of incidents

The occupier shall establish procedures for the investigation of incidents. The procedures shall
include the following:

a) regular monitoring of noise levels;

b) reduction of noise levels through engineering and administrative control measures;

a) Types of incidents to be investigated;

b) Prompt reporting of incidents to designated persons;

c) Competent persons responsible for the investigation;

d) Investigation procedures;

e) Identification of root causes;

f) Recommendation and implementation of follow-up actions;

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g) Review of the effectiveness of corrective actions; and

h) Review of the risk assessment for the affected work process.

The occupier shall carry out the investigation in a timely manner. Immediate actions shall be
implemented to prevent recurrence while long term recommendations shall seek to improve the
overall WSH management system.

19.5 Analysis of incident statistics

The occupier should establish procedures to monitor and analyse incident trend and provide
corrective actions.

Such analysis should include the following:

a) Type of incident;

b) Agency of incident;

c) Causes of incident;

d) Human factors; and

e) Incident rate e.g. minor, major injury and injury rate.

The analysis report should be discussed and minuted at the WSH committee meetings and
communicated to all workers at the worksite. The report shall be maintained for future reference.

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Bibliography

Standards/Publications

1. SS ISO 45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements

with guidance for use

c)2. SS 548:2009 Code of practice for selection, provisionuse and maintenance of suitable
hearing protectors and supervision of their use;respiratory protective devices

d) posting of warning signs and labeling of noisy equipment; and

e) arranging
3. SS 586-3:2008 (2014) Specification for pre-employment and annual audiometric examinations
for workers exposed to excessive noise.

14.4 Respiratory protection program

The respiratory protection program shall include the following:

a) regular monitoring of air contaminants where indicated;

b) reduction of air contaminants through engineering and administrative control measures; and

c) selection, provision and maintenance of suitable respirators and supervision of their use.

14.5 Training and education

The occupier shall provide education and training to all workers on the relevant health hazards,
safe work practice and proper use of personal protective equipment.

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Annex

Glossary of terms

Air contaminant - Toxic, irritating or nuisance airborne material.

Agency of incidents - The agency which, because of their hazard communication for hazardous
nature or condition, precipitated the event of incidents.

Hazard - A source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health,
damage to property, or a combination of these.

Hazardous substances and chemicals - Substances and Chemicals used in the worksite, which
are generally toxic, corrosive or inflammable.and dangerous goods – Preparation of safety data
sheets (SDS)

4. Incident - The event which occursGuide to Total Workplace Safety and Health (2014)

5. Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines – Improving Ergonomics in the premisesWorkplace

(2014)

6. Workplace Safety and Health Guidelines – Managing Heat Stress in the Workplace (2020)

Regulations/Acts

1. Work Safety and Health Act 2006

NOTE – The regulations and acts listed above are not exhaustive. Users of the worksite and which:standard
will need to check with the relevant regulatory bodies on the latest regulatory and statutory requirements.

i) results in death or injury to person where the injury requires medical attention which shall
include first aid cases.
ii) results in or has a potential to cause losses to persons, property and process.
iii) is a significant non conformance of the Statutory Requirement, safe work procedures or
worksite in-house rules and regulations.

Incident frequency rate - The ratio of number of incidents per million of man-hours worked.

Incident severity rate - The ratio of number of man-day loss due to incidents per million of
manhours worked.

Industrial dermatitis - Skin disease caused or aggravated by the working environment.

Lifting machine - Includes any crane, crab, winch, teagle, runway, transporter, piling frame,
piling machine and any work platform or suspended scaffold capable of being raised or lowered
by climbers, winches or other powered device.

Loss - Any undesirable personal, property or process loss incurred as a result of incidents.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Information label or leaflet to be provided by the supplier or
manufacturer of any toxic, corrosive or inflammable substance which shall provide accurate and
adequate description of the identity, physical and chemical properties of the substance, safety and
health hazard information, precautions to be taken and safe handling information.

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Method statement - A detail and systematic approach towards safe completion of a specific task.

Occupier - In relation to a factory, a person who occupies or uses premises as a factory as defined
in the Factories Act. In the case of building operations and works of engineering construction, the
main contractor is the occupier.

Permit-to-work system - An authorisation system of allowing works for specialised work

processes.

Personal protective equipment - Personal protective clothing and appliances to be provided and
maintained for all workers employed in any process involving exposure to hazardous conditions and
substances which shall include helmets, safety shoes, hand gloves, ear plugs and safety belts etc.

Plants, machinery or equipment - Includes any plant, equipment, gear, machinery, apparatus
or appliance, or any part thereof.

Respirator - Personal device designed to protect the user from the inhalation of hazardous
atmosphere.

Risk - The combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event
occurring.

Safety audit - The occupier of a worksite where the contract sum of the work to be carried out is
$30 million or more shall appoint an independent external auditor to audit the safety management
system of the worksite at least once every 6 months.

Safety committee - The occupier of a worksite, in which 50 or more persons are for the time
being employed, shall establish a safety committee on which both employees and management
are represented for the purpose of keeping under review circumstances in the worksite which
affect or may affect the safety or health of the persons employed therein.

Safety management system - The occupier of a worksite where the contract sum of the work to
be carried out is $10 million or more shall implement a safety management system for the purpose
of ensuring the safety and protecting the health of all workers in the worksite.

Safety review - The occupier of a worksite where the contract sum of the work to be carried out
is less than $30 million shall conduct a review of the safety management system of the worksite
at least once every 6 months.

Worksite - The premises where any building operations or works of engineering construction are
being carried out.

Work procedure - A step by step approach towards safe completion of a general job or task.

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ABOUT SINGAPORE STANDARDS COUNCIL

The Singapore Standards Council (SSC) facilitates the development, promotion and review of
Standards and Technical References in Singapore. This work is done through partnerships with the
industry, academia and government organisations, under the national standardisation programme
overseen by Enterprise Singapore.

Visit www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/standards for more information.

ENTERPRISE SINGAPORE

Enterprise Singapore grows stronger enterprises by transforming industries, building new

capabilities, and providing Singapore companies access to global opportunitiesis the government
agency championing enterprise development. We work with committed companies to build
capabilities, innovate and internationalise.

We also establishsupport the growth of Singapore as a leadinghub for global trading hub, and
strengthen qualitystartups, and build trust in Singapore’s enterprises, products and services
through quality and standards.

Through this, we aim to create good jobs for our people and sustainable growth for our economy.

For more information, please visit ESG Website:Visit http://www.enterprisesg.gov.sg. for more
information.

ABOUT THE SINGAPORE STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME

STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Enterprise Singapore is the national standards body in Singapore and we administer the Singapore
Standardisation Programme. We are vested with the authority to appoint an industry-led Singapore
Standards Council to approve the establishment, review and withdrawal of Singapore Standards
(SSs) and Technical References (TRs). The Standards Council also advises Enterprise Singapore
on the policies, strategies, initiatives and procedures for standards development and promotion.

Enterprise Singapore and the Standards Council collaborate with key stakeholders from industry
and government agencies to identify and develop new standards as well as review existing
standards to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and support social, safety, health and
environment initiatives in Singapore.

SSs and TRsSingapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are in the form of
specifications for materials, products, services and systems, codes of practice, requirements for
interoperability, methods of test, management systems, guidelines, nomenclatures, etc.

TRs are pre-SSs developed to address urgent industry demand and are issued for industry trials
forover a period of time. Comments received during this trial period are considered when a TR
is reviewed. TRs can become SSSSs after the trial period, continue as TRs for further industry
trials or be withdrawn.

To ensure adequate viewpoints are considered in the development and review of SSs and TRs,
committees and working groups set up by the Standards Council consist of representatives from
various key stakeholders which include industry associations, professional bodies, academia,
government agencies and companies. SSs are also put up for public comment before publication.

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In the international and regional fora, Enterprise Singapore represents Singapore in the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation
(APEC) Subcommittee for Standards and Conformance (SCSC), the Pacific Area Standards
Congress (PASC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (ACCSQ).
The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which
is supported by Enterprise Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.

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Acknowledgements

The content of this Singapore Standard was approved on 16 November 2021 by the Building and
Construction Standards Committee (BCSC) under the purview of the Singapore Standards Council.

First published as CP 79, 1999

First revised and redesignated as SS 679, 2021

BCSC consists of the following members:

Name Representation

Chairman : Ar. Chan Kok Way Individual Capacity

Deputy : Er. Clement Tseng Building and Construction Authority
Chairman
Secretary : Mr Melvin Tan The Institution of Engineers, Singapore –
Standards Development Organisation
Members : Mr Bin Chee Kwan National Environment Agency
Dr Bertil Brandin Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Er. Chan Ewe Jin The Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Er. Chee Kheng Chye/ Housing & Development Board
Er. Wong Swee Khian
Assoc Prof Darren Chian National University of Singapore
Siau Chen
Mr Herman Ching PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency
Mr Dominic Choy Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Assoc Prof Stylianos Dritsas Singapore University of Technology and Design
Er. Paul Fok Land Transport Authority
Mr Goh Ngan Hong/ Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers
Ms Yvonne Tho
Mr Desmond Hill Individual Capacity
Mr Jason Kurek Singapore Manufacturing Federation
Ar. William Lau Individual Capacity
Ar. Benedict Lee Singapore Institute of Architects
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Nanyang Technological University
Choon
Dr Lim Lan Yuan Association of Property and Facility Managers
Dr Andrew Ngo Chun Yong Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Ms Kay Pungkothai National Parks Board
Er. Punithan s/o Building and Construction Authority
Shanmugam
Er. Yvonne Soh Singapore Green Building Council
Assoc Prof Tan Beng Kiang National University of Singapore

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AC Derek Tan Singapore Civil Defence Force

Professor Tan Kiang Hwee National University of Singapore
Mr Sebastian Tan Ministry of Manpower
Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Er. Yong Fen Leong Association of Consulting Engineers, Singapore

BCSC set up the Technical Committee on Construction Management to oversee the preparation
of this standard. The Technical Committee consists of the following members:

Name Representation

Chairman : Mr Dominic Choy Individual Capacity

Secretary : Ms Liza Hassan The Institution of Engineers, Singapore –
Standards Development Organisation
Members : Er. Foo Siang Jeok Building and Construction Authority
Mr Roy Khoo Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Mr Albert Leng Teck Seng Land Transport Authority
Prof Low Sui Pheng National University of Singapore
Er. Ng Peck Nah Housing & Development Board
Er. Titus Tay The Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Teo Kian Hun Singapore Polytechnic
Prof Tiong Lee Kong, Robert Nanyang Technological University
Mr Tong Tee Hui Ministry of Manpower
Er. Simon Wong Teck Jee Surbana Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd
Er. Yeang Hoong Goon CPG Consultants Pte Ltd
Er. Yong Fen Leong Association of Consulting Engineers, Singapore

The Technical Committee set up the Working Group on Workplace Safety and Health Management
System for Construction Worksites to prepare this standard. The Working Group consists of the
following experts who contributed in their individual capacity:

Name

Convenor : Mr Yeo Kim Hock

Members : Mr Richard Chee Hiang Meng
Er. Veronica Chow
Mr Lim Kim Cheong
Mr Loh Yeow Leng
Mr Terence Ng Meng Hai
Mr Gary Quek Ka Wah
Mr Teo Boon Kwang

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The organisations in which the experts of the Working Group are involved are:

Housing & Development Board

Land Transport Authority
Ministry of Manpower
Nanyang Technological University
Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Singapore Manufacturing Federation

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The Singapore Standardisation Programme

is managedThe Singapore Standards Council
facilitates the development, promotion and review of
standards for enterprise growth under the national
standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise
Singapore.

www.enterprisesg.gov.sg/standards