READING

COMPREHENSION OF
GRADE 5 PUPILS IN
ADAOAG ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL: IT’S RELATION
TO THEIR ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE

SUBMITTED BY: MARITES A. BUTAY

SUBMITTED TO: LUCILA B. FLORIA, Ph.D

 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In the age of modernization where our society has become more technology-

based and where life was put into convolution, reading has become gratuitous.

The ability to read and give meaning to the written symbols has to be advanced

for an emergence and refinement in order to be acquainted with the complexity of

life.

In today’s educational systems, reading is conceived as concept-grasping and

concept-discerning involving active selections, critical judgment of lessons

analytical examine and an appreciation of the author’s conviction and artifice. It is

also considered as an out-of-school activity of an individual because lore about

innovations, discoveries and great studies are built-up from reading books,

journals, newspapers, magazines and other forms of printed materials.

As an individual continues reading diurnal issues, he broadens his

wisdom and becomes a well-rounded person when it comes to the issues that

influence his life. The success of an individual, both in school and off the school

can be greatly influenced by the ability to read. A child who reads well would love

mathematics, science, language, technology and home economics, and other

fields, for reading becomes an essential tool in the deepening of these context
.

subjects of the curriculum. The success of an individual, both in school and off

the school can be greatly influenced by the ability to read. A child who reads well

would love mathematics, science, language, technology and home economics,

and other fields, for reading becomes an essential tool in the deepening of

these context subjects of the curriculum. The success of education aims to equip

the children with necessary skills they need in order to become assets for the

welfare and progress of the society. This depends upon the most basic tool for

learning which is the ability to comprehend what is read. Without reading

comprehension, the learners will find it difficult if not impossible to acquire

knowledge and make that knowledge functional in their life.

Lacking of comprehension among elementary children had become great

concern of many stakeholders. This reading problem ranges from non-readers to

readers but cannot comprehend in elementary. It is also an observation that

lacking of reading comprehension on printed materials needs remedial reading

approaches and schemes. That is why in school year 2012-2013 the Department

of Education launched the new K-12 Curriculum that was enacted into law known

as RA 10533 which aims to advance the competencies of Filipino graduates to

enable them to stand at par with global practices and remain equipped with

relevant skills and knowledge in their chosen profession. Children need to

develop their comprehension abilities to be intelligent consumers of ideas. They

are surrounded with volumes of printed material and their ability to comprehend

must be fully developed to make reading productive. Being an elementary

teacher, the researcher observed in her grade 5 that reading comprehension is a

major concern.

In view of this, the researcher decided to conduct an analytical study of

the reading ability of the pupils and acquire helpful suggestions that would be of

use to teachers, school administrators, parents and future researches, to improve

the academic learning process in the educational system.

Statement of the Problem

This study will seek to assess the reading comprehension level of the grades 5

Class of Adaoag Elementary School, Adaoag, Baggao, Cagayan for the school

year 2019-2020.

Specifically, it will attempt to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the subjects in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Educational attainment of parents

1.4. Occupation of parents

1.5. Gross Annual Income of parents

1.6 Reading Materials at Home

2. What is the reading comprehension level of the subjects relative to the

following dimensions:

2.1 Literal Dimension

.

2.1.1 Identifying character/setting

2.1.2 Noting significant details

2.1.3 Getting Word meaning through Context

2.2 Inferential Dimensions

2.2.1 Inferring character traits

2.2.2 Predicting outcomes

2.2.3 Inferring the mood and emotion of characters

2.2.4 Drawing conclusions

2.2.5 Recognizing Cause and Effect

2.3 Critical Dimension

2.3.1 Determining the purpose of the author

3. What is the mean academic performance of the subjects as reflected in

their semester grades for school year 2019-2020?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the reading comprehension

level of the subjects and their mean academic performance?

5. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the subjects and

their reading comprehension level?

6. In what dimension/s of reading comprehension do the subjects need

enhancement?

7. What actions may be proposed to enhance the dimension/s where the

subjects performed low?

Significance of the Study

As of this date, there has never been a study conducted on the reading

performance of the grade five of Remus Elementary School, hence the

researcher will undertake this study. Findings of this study may be useful to the

following:

Department of Education. The result of the study would serve as a basis in

formulating programs and policies that strengthen the use of social media in the

field of instruction in all public schools by providing enough funds and to literate

all public school teachers for quality delivery of instruction.

School Administrators. The results of the study may be a basis for the

School Administrators to assign separate remedial reading teachers and would

look into the possibility of giving less loads to the adviser and would also provide

the necessary facilities for remedial reading classes and send teachers to

trainings.

Teachers. Teachers will make use of the findings of this study to improve

their teaching to strengthen their reading programs and improve the skills of the

pupils.

Parents. The parents will recognize the services the school can offer and

will realize that they need to support and cooperate with the administrators and

teachers for a program of improved reading instruction for the pupils.

Pupils. The pupils will be guided in their reading comprehension difficulties

and will eventually improve themselves and their reading performance level.
.

Researcher. The findings may guide the researcher herself in helping the

pupils in their reading comprehension difficulties and provide remedial measures

to improve and strengthen their reading performance and comprehension level.

Future Researchers. The findings may be used by future researchers in

their studies to help learners improve their reading comprehension level.

Scope and Delimitation and Limitation

This study was limited to the assessment of the reading comprehension

level of the grade five pupils of Adaoag Elementary School, Adaoag, Baggaao,

Cagayan for the school year 2019-2020 through the inclusive reading

comprehension dimension tests.

Definition of Terms

Critical thinking. In this study critical thinking is the objective analysis of facts to

form a judgment.[1] The subject is complex, and there are several

different definitions which generally include

the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis or evaluation of factual evidence.

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking)

Literal comprehension. Literal comprehension is the understanding of the written

meaning of a passage: the definition of words, the context of the writing, the

main idea of the passage, and the sequence of thought chosen by the author.

( https://www.google.com.ph/#q=meaning+of+literal+comprehension)

Inferential. Inferential is the reasoning involved in drawing conclusions based on

evidence and prior knowledge rather than observation. While some students may
be able to practice this critical skill with abstract examples, others may need

concrete examples. https://eduscapes.com/sessions/pilot/pilotinference.htm

Reading. Reading is a complex "cognitive process" of decoding symbols in order

to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension). Reading is a means

of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.

Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader

which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and

language community which is culturally and socially

situated. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(process))

Reading comprehension. In this study reading comprehension is the ability to

read text, process it, and understand its meaning

Context clues. are hints that an author gives to help define a difficult or unusual

word. The clue may appear within the same sentence as the word to which it

refers, or it may follow in a preceding sentence. Because most of one’s

vocabulary is gained through reading, it is important that you be able to

recognize and take advantage of context clues.

( http://blog.dictionary.com/context-clues/)

Theoretical Background

Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

Problems on the reading comprehension skills of pupils led us to read

several studies locally and abroad.

.

In elementary instruction, reading is geared on the pupils’ “learning-to-

read”. However, it has been observed that seldom do the pupils read books,

magazines, newspapers, or any printed materials nor go to the library to read

and scan printed materials during their free time. This causes some problems in

the teaching-learning process.

Developing their reading comprehension skills will make the teacher

effective and efficient. Through this, he will be able to apply methods and

techniques appropriate to their needs and level of intelligence. At that certain

stage, reading comprehension will be given more attention which will surely

contribute for their growth and enhancement in reading skills. Pupils become fully

equipped with this kind of tool called reading which could lead to a chain of

positive consequences.

Reading is a very important skill that Elementary pupils should develop

since it plays a vital role in their holistic maturity. In this connection, this study

sought to determine the reading preferences and reading programs that will

enhance pupil’s reading comprehension skills.

In this paradigm, the input includes the profile of the pupils, their age, sex,

and educational attainment of parents, occupation of parents and income of

family
 Input Process Output

Profile of the Pupils with respect Identifying the profile of the

Reading
to subjects
Comprehension
1.1 age Assessing Reading
Level Assessed
1.2 sex Comprehension Level
1.3educational attainment of Testing:
parents -Literal Dimension skill Action plan to
1.4 occupation of parents - Inferential Dimension skill address the
1.5 Income of family - Critical Dimension Skill identified
1.6 reading materials at home dimension(s)
2. Dimensional Reading Assessing the mean where the
Comprehension academic performance of subjects are
-Literal Dimension skill the subjects weak
- Inferential Dimension skill
Correlating the Reading
- Critical Dimension Skill
comprehension level with
3. Mean Academic
the profile variables
Performance of the subjects in

the 1st and 2nd Quarter as Identifying the dimensions

reflected in their form 138 where the subjects are weak

Proposing measures to

address the identified

dimensions
.

----------------------FEEDBACK-----------------------------

Figure1. Paradigm showing the Conceptual Framework of the study.

The paradigm above illustrates the input, process and input by which this study

was guided.

Frame 1 is the input. It will include profile of the pupils with respect to their

age, sex, and socio-economic status of parents and the dimensional skills the

teacher has to develop among the pupils. These are the Literal Dimension Skills,

the Inferential, Critical and Creative Dimension Skills

The literal Dimension Skills will include Identifying character/setting, noting

significant details and getting word meaning through Context.

The Inferential dimension skills are Inferring character traits, Predicting

outcomes, Inferring the mood and emotion of characters, Drawing conclusions

and Recognizing Cause and Effect.

The Critical dimension skill will include the determining of the purpose of

the author.

Frame 2 is the process by which the profile of the pupils will be accessed

and the five dimension skills will acquire by the pupils will be assessed using the

Reading Comprehension Test adapted from Phil IRI. It will consist one part using

short story titled, “Magician Invents Special Effects.” It will assess the graded 5

pupils’ performance in the reading comprehension skills namely literal, inferential,

critical and creative.

 In the third frame, the expected outcome is an improved academic

performance of the pupils if the teacher will make use of the findings, conclusions

and recommendations.

Literature Review

In this part, the researcher will review some previous studies related to

this research.

The first research is come Albader with his research entitled “Difficulties in

Second Language Reading”. This research focused on the learners’ reading

comprehension skill in TOEFL exam. In this research Albader mentions the

difficulties that someone faces in reading in a second or foreign language. The

difficulties cover all aspects of linguistics, such as grammar (syntax),

pronunciation (phonetics), and meaning of words (semantics). Moreover, he

concludes that it is difficult for the students to read so many technical and

scientific terms in a very short time in TOEFL exam.

The second research is done by McNamara entitle “Understanding the

Fourth-Grade Slump: Comprehension Difficulties as a Function of Reader

Aptitudes and Text Genre”. The goal of this research is to develop a better

understanding of young readers’ difficulties in comprehending text, and how

those difficulties vary as a function of reader aptitudes and text genre. The

results of this study highlight the importance of text genre and reader knowledge

when examining reading comprehension abilities and difficulties.

.

The third research was done by Ade with her title “A Study on Students’

Difficulties in Comprehending Recount Text; A Case Study at SMAN 1 Gangga

on First Grade Academic Year 2012/2013”.33 This research was proposed to

discover the ability of students and types of difficulties faced by students in

comprehending recount text. The result of this study showed that there are

several common problems or difficulties faced by students such as: analyzing the

text content, allocating their time to study English outside the school because

they prefer doing other activities and understanding the meaning of sentences

and words caused lack of vocabularies mastery and word power.

Another research was done by Sasmita with her title “Identifying Students’

Abilities in Understanding English Reading Texts: A Case Study at The Second

Year Students of Smkn 1 Gangga in Academic Year 2012/2013”.34 This study

was aimed to find out the students’ level of abilities in understanding English

reading texts and the factors may make the students had difficulties in

understanding English reading texts. Based on the research findings the factors

that may make the students have difficulties in understanding English reading

texts were related to vocabulary, grammar knowledge, and reading interest.

Synthesis

From the previous studies above, the researcher can conclude that poor

reading comprehension levelis very important to be known by the learners and

the teacher. Since every learner probably has different difficulties in

understanding the reading text, the researcher got an inspiration to do a research

based on this topic.

 However, the problems faced by the learners in one school might be

different from the other schools. This research will differ from all of those

previous researches from some aspects. First, in this research the researcher

emphasized on the approach in understanding reading text comprehension level

of grade pupils. This is important to help the teachers be aware of the problems

and consequently try to solve the problems in the earlier level of study and

improve the pupils’ reading competence. This was based on the preliminary

study result that there are many pupils who have low comprehension level in

understanding the written text. Moreover, the differences are also about data

collection technique and the data analysis used in this research.

Hypothesis

This study will be guided by the following lone hypothesis:

There is no significant difference in the reading performance of the grade

five of Adaoag Elementary School for the school year 2019-2020 with their age,

sex, educational attainment of parents, occupation of parents, and the income of

parents.
.

METHODS

Research Design

The descriptive correlational design will be used since the researcher would like

to correlate the Reading Comprehension level of the grade 5 pupils and their

academic performance and the documentary analysis will analyze the 1 st and 2nd

quarter mean average of the respondents as stated in their form 138.

Study Site and Participants

The respondents of this study will be grade 5 pupils class of Adaoag Elementary

School for the school Year 2019-2020.The distribution of the respondent is

shown in Table I.

Table 1 Distribution of Respondent

GRADE NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

GRADE 5 24

TOTAL 24
Research Technique

Instruments

The main research instrument that will be used in gathering the data will

be a survey questionnaire and the Phil IRI test. Part I deals on the profile of the

respondents as to age, gender and educational attainment of parents, occupation

of parents, Gross Annual Income of parents, and reading materials at home. Part

II will be the administration of the Phil IRI tests to the grade 5 pupils.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researcher will seek the permission of the District Supervisor, the teaching

staff of Remus Elementary School to conduct the PHIL IRI test and float the

survey questionnaire.

The questionnaire and the Reading comprehension tests will be

administered personally to the respondents in order to solve immediate problems

that will crop up and this will also facilitate dispatching and will ensure high

percentage retrieval.

Data Analysis

For the analysis and interpretation of data that will be gathered in this study the

PHIL IRI computation table will be utilized.

To interpret the PHIL IRI test of the pupils, the scale below will be used:
.

AVERAGE READING LEVEL

0-59 FRUSTRATION

60-89 INSTRUCTIONAL

90-100 INDEPENDENT

Ethical Considerations

In this research, author was maintained the high level ethical standard of

research. Data was collected through the prior permission of respondents and

the purpose of the study was not kept hide from respondents. Further, it was

ensured to respondents that the data will not use for any unfair means.

REFERENCES

( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking )

( https://www.google.com.ph/#q=meaning+of+literal+comprehension )

https://eduscapes.com/sessions/pilot/pilotinference.htm

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_(process))

( http://blog.dictionary.com/context-clues/ )
 APPENDICES

Literature Matrices

BIBLIOGRAP MAJOR DELINEAT METHODS, MAJOR

HY OBJECTIVE ED DESIGN, FINDINGS

S, FACTORS, DATA

CENTRAL VARIABLE GATHERING

QUESTIONS S, TOOL,SUBJEC

, MAIN THEMES TS/

PROBLEM PARTICIPANTS

Juan Miguel To know the *Profile of Participants Comprehensi

Cruz and cited mean the subject -Grade 5 on is the

in Selangan in academic -Age learners prime goal of

2015 performance -Gender -teachers reading and

of the -Educational -parents comprehensio

subjects as attainment - n failures can

reflected in of Parents lead to school

their -occupation failures.

semester of parents Despite the

grades for -Gross Philippines

school year annual supposedly

2019-2019? income of high literacy

parents rate of 88.6

.

_Reading %, many

To materials at Filipinos can

determine home barely read

the actions *Motivation, and write

may be technique,

proposed to used in the most

enhance teaching important

reading *interest of reader

comprehensi the subject variable that

on where the * Learners affects

subjects background reading

performed * Learning comprehensio

low? Environment n is gender.

Males and

to improve females have

the academic different

learning perspective

process in about

the reading. This

educational difference is

system. also evident

in reading

comprehensio

n. The males
are more

analytic

compared to

females

Males and

females can

have different

outlook

towards

reading. The

more the

person is

persistent and

have end

goal, the

more he is

likely to be

successful in

reading. A

person, who

has positive

view towards

reading will
.

find reading

enjoyable and

can see

progress in

his reading

performance,

Data collection instrument

QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I PROFILE PUPILS

Direction: Please check the appropriate box that is applicable to you.

1. Age

( ) 10

( ) 11

( ) 12

( ) 13 AND ABOVE

2. Gender

( ) Male

( ) Female

3. Educational Attainment of Parents

 ( ) elementary

( ) elementary graduate

( ) high school

( ) high school graduate

( ) College

( ) College graduate

( ) Post graduate

4. occupation of parents,

( ) Farming and House Keeping

( ) Sales Clerk

( ) Carpenter

( ) OFW

5. Gross Annual Income of parents

1000- 1500 ( )

1500-2000 ( )

2000 -3000 ( )

3000 and above ( )

6. Reading materials at home

( ) books

( )magazines

( ) Newspapers

( ) Almanac and Encyclopedias

.

( ) None