Summary of All Sequences for 4MS / 2021

Sequence one 

a- Comparatives of :

 Equality : subject + verb+ as+ adjective+ as+ …the rest of sentence.

Example : a/ Ahmed is tall.

b/ Omar is tall too. Ahmed is as tall as Omar.

 Inequality/ Inferiority : subject + verb + not as + adj + as + … the rest of sentence

Example : a- Ahmed is intelligent.

b- Omar is more intelligent. Ahmed is not as intelligent as Omar.

b- Active and Passive Forms/ Voices :

Passive voice ( present simple) Passive voice (past simple)

Subject + is / are + past participle +object Subject+ was/were+ past participle+ obj

Example: Example:

The child breaks the window. The child broke the window

The window is broken by the child The window was broken by the child.

Note: the past participle of regular verbs (we add “ed” at the end of the verb).

The p.p of irregular verbs changes (look at the list of verbs at end of your book).

c- Cause and Effect:

 Cause/ Reason: “because- since- as”

Example: - The mother punishes Asma because she didn’t get good marks.(No Comma)

- Because Asma didn’t get good marks, her mother punishes her. (we add comma
between the two clauses)
  Effect/ Result: “ so, therefore, as a result”.

Example: - Asma left the bus so she needs to take a taxi.

- Asma left the bus and therefore she needs to take a taxi. (we add ‘and’ before
‘therefore’)

- Asma left the bus. As a result, she needs to take a taxi. (we put ‘full sop’ before
and ‘comma’ after “as a result”).

d- Time Sequencers:

First, Second, Third, Fourth,…. Finally.

First, Next, Then, After that, Besides, Moreover,…..Finally.

We use them to organize a set of ideas in a paragraph.

e- Pronounciation: /ei/ + /ai/

/ei/ /ai/
Eight- name- hate- face. Nine- fly- sky- goodbye.

Sequence Two

1- The superlative of superiority:

 Short adjectives: (one or two syllables)

Adjective + est/ st/ iest. Example: easy easiest.

Tall tallest.

 Long adjectives: (more than two syllables)

The most + adjective. Example: beautiful the most beautiful.

 Irregular adjectives: (change)

Good the best
Bad the worst
Many/much the most
Little the least
Far the farthest/ furthest
Old the oldest/eldest
2- The Simple Past and Past Continuous Tenses: “while” “when”:

 Past Contiuous: to be in the past (was/were) + verb stem + ing.

Example: She was watching an American movie.

 If the sentence begins with “while”, we just put the first verb in the past continuous
and the second one in the simple past. Example:
While the teacher was explaining the lesson, someone knocked the door.
 If we put “while”/ “when” in the middle, we just conjugate the first verb in the past
continuous and the second one (after ‘when’/’while’) in the simple past. Example:
The teacher was explaining the lesson when/while someone knocked the door.
 If the sentence begins with “when”, we just put the first verb in the simple past and the
second one in the past continuous. Example:
When someone knocked the door, the teacher was explaining the lesson.

Note: after “when” the verb is always conjugated in the simple past.

3- Expressing Similarities and Differences with: ‘like- unlike- whereas’:

a- Similarities:

 To express similarities between two things, we use “like”

 We can use “like” at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

Example: -the mobile is a means of communication.

-The computer is a means of communication.

 The mobile is a means of communication like the computer.

Or

 Like the computer, the mobile is a means of communication.

b- Differences:

 To express differences between two things, we use ‘unlike’/’whereas’.

Example: -the winter is cold.

-the summer is hot.

Unlike the winter, the summer is hot.

The winter is cold whereas the summer is hot.

Note: we use “whereas” in the middle of the sentence only.

4- The Present Perfect with: “ since”/ “for”:

- The present perfect tense: to have in the present (have/has) + past participle.

Example: Asma has received the email.

- We use the present perfect to talk about an event that happened in the past and continued in
the present.

Example: I have studied English since 2017.

I have studied English for 4 years.

- Asking questions using ‘How long’ with the present perfect:

 Asma has studied English since 2017.

 How long has Asma studied English ?

5- Forming oppsites using prefixes :‘dis, un, in, im, il, ir’:

Examples: possible impossible

Legal illegal

Like unlike/dislike

Responsible irresponsible

Honest dishonest

6- Forming adjectives using ‘ful’/ ‘less’:

Ful : it is about something ‘good’ example: hope hopeful

Less : it is about something ‘bad’ example: hope hopeless

7- Pronounciation: the final /t/ /d/ /ed/:

Final ‘ed’

/id/ after /t/ after /d/ after

t, d p, k, f, gh, sh, ch, ss, c, x l, n, r, g, v, s, z, b, m+ all vowels.

wanted – exploded published- walked. Enjoyed- encouraged.

8- The Simple Present Tense:

To be: To do: To have:

I am I/ you/ they /we do I/ you/ they/ we/ have

You/ they/ we are he/ she/ it does he/ she/ it has

He/ she/ it is

The other verbs:

I/ you/ they/ we stay as it is. example: to clean clean

He/ she/ it we add “s” at the end. example: to clean cleans.

When the verb ends with “o-sh- ch- x- ss”, we add “es” at the end.

Example: To go goes

To finish finishes

When the verb ends with “y” and there is a consonant before it, we change “y” into “i “
and add “es” (only with He/ she/ it). Example: to study studies.

When the verb ends with “y” and there is a vowel before it, we add only “s” at the end
(with he/ she/ it). Example: to play plays.

9- The Past Simple Tense:

 Time markers: yesterday, ago, last ....in 1999 ......(past date)

 Regular verbs “ed”. Example: played
 Irregular verbs the 2nd column of the list in you book. Example: wrote

10- The Simple Future Tense:

 Time markers: tomorrow, next ......in 2030.....(future date)

 Subject +will + verb stem. Example: I will buy a new house.

Sequence three

1- The imperative:

a- affirmative: add sugar and milk.

b- negative: don’t add sugar and milk.

2- Conditional type 01

1. If + present simple + , future simple. Example: If I pass my BEM exam, I will make
a big party.
2. Future simple + if + present simple. Example: She will search for a job if she gets
her diploma.
3. Imperative verb + if + simple present. Example: start revision, if you want to succeed
in your BEM exam.
4. If + simple present + , imperative verb. Example: If you want to succeed in your
BEM exam, start revision.

3- Expressing Likes and Dislikes:

 Likes: subject + likes/ prefer/ love/ enjoy + verb + ing.

Example: I like watching horror movies.

 Dislikes: subject + hate/ dislike + verb+ ing.

Example: I hate eating unhealthy foods.

4- Pronounciation: /s/ + /z/ + /iz/

The final ‘s’

/s/ after /z/ after /iz/ after

p- t- k- f- θ b- d- g- v- ծ- l- m- n- r- ‘ing’ ss- s- ce- ge- dge- sh- ch-x

thinks smells dances

5-Relative pronouns:

Who / that Which / that Where

person Animals / things places
Examples:

1. The police found the boy. He disappeared last week.

The police found the boy who disappeared last week.
2. This is the cat. It belongs to John. This is the cat which belongs to John.
3. This is the school. I studied there. This is the school where I studied.
 Written expression: 8pts

The structure of the paragraph: 02 pts

 Leave a space and Start with a capital letter.

 Don’t forget punctuation (full stop (.) comma (,) )
 Use capital letters where necessary ( names of people/ places…).

Relevance: all the ideas must be related to the topic. 02pts

Organization: start with an small introduction to your topic. Then, try to develop your ideas
using “sequencers” (first; second; then; after that, also …) 02pts

Linguistic resources: 02pts

 Correct grammar
 Punctuation and capitalisation
 Using linking words ( because- so – but ….)

NEVER SAY: “ TIME IS NOT ENOUGH TO REVISE, START NOW”.

Best of luck ☺
Ms. DJEFAFLIA Lamis