Experiment No: 1

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD

Aim: - To study about special features, advantages and applications of Auto CAD in detail.

Requirements: -

 Auto CAD Software

 Intel Pentium IV, or compatible
 Microsoft Windows XP (Professional, Home Edition, or Tablet PC Edition), Windows 2000
Professional SP4
 512 MB RAM (minimum)
 750 MB free disk space
 1024x768 VGA with true color (minimum)
 Mouse or other pointing device
 CD-ROM drive
 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 SP1

Theory: -
CAD means Computer Aided Design or Drafting. Auto cad is most widely used software developed by
auto desk. Auto cad is a drafting package in almost all engineering branches. There are drafting packages
like cad are DIAP, CAMD, and Delights. Auto cad is one of the most popular cad packages. It is a
general purpose computer aided design. We can draw geometrical entries like plan, section and elevation
of a building.

Advantages: -

 We can make accurate and precise drawings like plan, section and elevation of a building.
 Improved engineering productively.
 Reduced engineering personal requirement.
 Drawing modification or eraser to intake.
 Drawings prepared in the software can be stored safely.

Applications of CAD: -
 Preparation of Architectural drawings in the Auto CAD
 Preparation of maps of an area
 Preparation of Building drawings.
 Preparation of circuit layouts for water distribution and sewer systems.

Result: -
Studying of Auto CAD, its applications and its advantages is done.

Experiment No: 2
DIFFERENT SOFTWARES FOR CAD
Aim: - To study different softwares for Auto CAD.
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Intel Pentium IV, or compatible
 Microsoft Windows XP (Professional, Home Edition, or Tablet PC Edition), Windows 2000
Professional SP4
 512 MB RAM (minimum)
 750 MB free disk space
 1024x768 VGA with true color (minimum)
 Mouse or other pointing device
 CD-ROM drive
 Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 SP1
Theory: -
CAD means Computer Aided Design or Drafting. Auto cad is most widely used software developed
by auto desk. Auto cad is a drafting package in almost all engineering branches. There are drafting
packages like cad are DIAP, CAMD, and Delights. Auto cad is one of the most popular cad
packages. It is a general purpose computer aided design. We can draw geometrical entries like plan,
section and elevation of a building.

Advantages: -
 We can make accurate and precise drawings like plan, section and elevation of a building.
 Improved engineering productively.
 Reduced engineering personal requirement.
 Drawing modification or eraser to intake.
 Drawings prepared in the software can be stored safely.

Applications of CAD: -
 Preparation of Architectural drawings in the Auto CAD
 Preparation of maps of an area
 Preparation of Building drawings
 Preparation of circuit layouts for water distribution and sewer systems

Result: -
Studying of Auto CAD, its softwares and its advantages is done.

Experiment No: 3
PRACTICE EXERCISES ON AUTO CAD SOFTWARE
Aim: - To study and practice basic draw commands exist in the Auto CAD.
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Line
 Poly line
 Construction line
 Polygon
 Rectangle
 Arc
 Circle
 Ellipse
Theory: -
Line: The LINE command is used to draw a line between two specified points. First enter the
LINE command or shortcut L in the command area. Mouse Cross hair displays to specify the first
point of the line and next point of the line or enter the distance of the line. Press ESC key at the
end of the line.

Polyline: POLYLINE command is used to draw a series of lines continuously at a time. PL or

PLINE is the keyboard shortcut for polyline.

Rectangle: RECTANGLE command is used to draw a rectangular geometry in the drawings.

REC is the keyboard shortcut for rectangle. First enter the REC command in the command area.
A cross hair will be displays to specify the first corner point of the rectangle and input the
dimensions of the rectangle as other corner point.

Circle: Circles are created with the CIRCLE command. There are several different ways you can
define a circle. Those are defining center point and radius or diameter of the circle. In the 2Point
method Define the circle with points on either end of the circle diameter. In the 3Point method
Define the circle with 3 noncollinear points. In the Tangent, Tangent and Radius method define
the circle by specifying two other objects that are tangent to the circle and the radius of the circle.

Arc: ARC command is used draw partial circles in the Auto CAD drawings. There are seven
methods available to draw an arc in the Auto CAD. Those are
 i. Specifying 3 points on the arc
ii. Specifying starting point, center and end point
iii. Specifying starting point, center and included angle
iv. Specifying starting point, center and length of the
v. Specifying starting point, end point and radius
vi. Specifying starting point, end point and included angle and
vii. Specifying starting point, end point and direction of start

Polygon: The POLYGONE command is used to draw a polygon with 3 to 1024 sides by
specifying a circle inscribed or circumscribed with definite radius or by entering side length of the
polygon.

Ellipse: This ELLIPSE command is used to draw ellipses by giving starting and ending angles

Line: To draw a line, line command is used. Line command can be given by following ways.

1. Click on line icon.

2. Type by key board, „line‟ in command window.
3. By selecting line option icon „DRAW‟ menu.
Having given line command, supply co – ordinates of start point and endpoint. Starting point
& end point can be clicked also.

Command: line ←┘ (enter)

From Pt – 1: (50, 50) ←┘ (enter)◄┘

To Pt – 2:(200, 50) ←┘(enter)

Line will be ready on screen.

Multiline command: This command is used to draw parallel lines with specified effect distance
between two lines. Multiline command can be given in following two ways.

(i) Type by keyboard word “MLINE” in command window.

(ii) By selecting multiline option from draw menu.

Command: MLINE ◄┘(enter)

Current settings: Justification = Top; Scale= 1.00; Style= Standard.

Specify start point: 5.0, 10.0.

Specify next point: 20.0, 15.0

Justification is alignment of two lines w.r.t. reference top/zero/bottom. Scale is spacing between two
parallel lines.

Rectangle Command:
 Rectangle is a quadrilateral having two pairs of opposite sides equal and 4 angles are each of
rectangle command can be given in 3 different ways as under.

(i) Click by mouse on “Rectangle” tool bar icon.

(ii) Type by keyboard word “Rectangle” in command.
(iii) Select “Rectangle” option from draw menu

Command: Rectangle
 Specify first corner point: 40, 30 ◄┘ (enter)

(or) [Chamfer/elevation/ fillet/thickness/width]

Specify other corner point: 170, 110 ◄┘ (enter)

(or) (Dimensions)

Circle command:

1. Center radius method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/<centre point> : 100,100 ( locate point with mouse/ type by key board)

Diameter/ < Radius >: 50 (given radius by mouse/ type radius by kb as 50)
Circle will be drawn having center point (100, 100)

2. Center, diameter method:

Command: circle

3p/2p/ПR/<centre point> : 100,100

Diameter: D 100(First enter D & then type diameter 100.ircle

will Circle will drawn having diameter 100 & cp 100

3. Two – point method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/<cp> : TTR (Tangent – Tangent – Radius)

Line1: Command line from point: 80, 30

To point: 170, 20

Line 2: Command line from point: 10, 30

To point: 10, 160

Line 1 and line 2 can be drawn using mouse radius:

Circle will be drawn having radius 50 and line 1 and line 2 as tangent to circle

4. 3 point method:
Command: Circle
3p/2p/ПR/<centre point> : 3p

First point 1 : 60, 70

 Second point 2 : 150, 100
Third point 3 : 100, 50

Circle will be drawn passing through three points having the co ordinates (60, 70); (150,
100); (100, 50)

5. Tangent – Tangent Radius Method:

Command: Circle

3p/2p/ПR/< cp >: TTR ( Tangent – Tangent –

Radius) Line – 1: Command line

From point: 10, 30

To point: 10, 160

Line – 2: Command line

From point: 80, 30

To point: 170, 20

Line – 1 & line – 2 can be drawn using mouse radius: 50 circle will be drawn having radius 50 and
line – 1 & line – 2 as tangent to the circle.

Command: Circle
3p/2p/TTR/< cp >: TTR

Select (click by mouse tangent circle – 1)

Select (click by mouse tangent circle – 2)

Specify radius of circle: 40

Arc Command:

Arc command is used to draw arc of a circle. Arc command can be given in 3
different ways as under.

(i) Click by mouse (or) “Arc” tool bar as under.

(ii) Type by key board word “Arc” in command window.

(iii) Select “Arc” option from draw menu.

Method – 1: Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)

First start pt – 1 of arc (or) (center) :120, 70 ◄┘ (enter)

 2nd pt – 2 of arc (or) (centre/end) :70, 120 ◄┘ (enter)

3 rd end pt – 3 of arc : 40, 30 ◄┘ (enter)

Method – 2: Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)

Specify start point of arc (or) (center): CE ◄┘ (enter)

Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

1st start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

End point of arc : (40, 30) ◄┘ (enter)

Method – 3: Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)

Start point of arc (or) (center) : CE ◄┘ (enter)

Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

Start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

End point of arc : a ◄┘ (enter)

(Angle/chord length)
0
Included angle : 233.13 ◄┘ (enter)
Method – 4: Command : Arc ◄┘ (enter)

Start point of arc : C ◄┘ (enter)

Centre point of arc : (70, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

Start point of arc : (120, 70) ◄┘ (enter)

End point of arc : L ◄┘ (enter)

Chord (length) : 89.4 ◄┘ (enter)

Ellipse Command:

To draw ellipse, ellipse command is used. This command can be operated in 3

different methods as under.

(i) Click on “ellipse” tool bar icon

(ii) Type “ellipse” by K.B in command window
(iii) By selecting Ellipse option from draw menu
Ex: Command : Ellipse ◄┘ (enter)

(i) Specify axis end point of ellipse : (45, 90) ◄┘ (enter)

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 (ii) Specify other end point of axis : (195,90) ◄┘ (enter)
(iii) Specify distance to other axis : 120, B5 ◄┘ (enter)
(Or) (Rotation)

Ellipse will be drawn having

(i) Major axis length = (195 – 45) = 150

(ii) minor axis length = 2(135 – 90) = 90
One can select the point by clicking the mouse at axis end point , centre etc. instead of giving
co – ordinates.

Polygon Command:

Polygon command is used to draw regular polygon shapes. Although one can draw polygon also
with line command but it takes more time polygon command draws polygon faster with high
accuracy.3 sides i.e., triangle, to 1024 sides regular polygons can be draw with polygon command.
Polygon command can be given in 3 different methods as under.

(i) Click on “polygon” tool bar

(ii) Type polygon by key board in command window

(iii) Select polygon option from „draw‟

menu There are 3 methods of drawing

polygons.

Method – 1: command : polygon ◄┘ (enter)

Number of sides : 6 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre of polygon : (100, 100) ◄┘ (enter)

Inscribed in circle/circumscribed

About circle (I / C) : I ◄┘ (enter)

Radius of circle : 50 ◄┘ (enter)

Method – 2: command : polygon ◄┘ (enter)

Number of sides : 5 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre of polygon : (100, 100) ◄┘ (enter)

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Inscribed in circle : c ◄┘ (enter)

Radius of circle : 50 ◄┘ (enter)

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Method – 3: command : polygon ◄┘ (enter)

Number of sides : 8 ◄┘ (enter)

First end pt of edge : (60, 20) ◄┘ (enter)

Second end pt of edge : (100, 20) ◄┘ (enter)

Donut Command: Donut or dough nut command enables us to draw filled rings and solid circle
required data‟s are

(1) Centre point (2) outside diameter (3) inside diameter

‘DONUT‟ command can be in two different ways.

1. Type of key board word „DONUT‟ in command window.

2. Select „DONUT‟ option from draw menu.
Ex: Command : „DONUT‟ ◄┘ (enter)

Inside diameter of donut : 80 ◄┘ (enter)

Out side diameter of donut : 120 ◄┘ (enter)

Centre diameter of donut : 80, 80 ◄┘ (enter)

Spline Command: Spline command is used to draw a smooth line passing through number of given
points.

Spline command can be given in 3 different ways.

1. Click by mouse on „spline‟ tool bar.

2. Type by key board word „spline‟ in the command window.
3. select „spline‟ option from „DRAW‟ menu.
Ex. Command : spline ◄┘ (enter)

Specify first point (or) (object) : 15, 6.5 ◄┘ (enter)

Specify Next point : 3, 7.5 ◄┘ (enter)

Specify next point (or) (close) : 4.5, 6.5 ◄┘ (enter)

(Start tangent)

- do - : 4, 5.5 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 2, 4 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 1.5, 2.5 ◄┘ (enter)

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- do - : 2, 1 ◄┘ (enter)

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 - do - : 3.5, 0.5 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 5, 1 ◄┘ (enter)

- do - : 5.5, 2. ◄┘ (enter)

Solid Command: This command draws solid – filled triangle and

polygons command : solid (centre)

solid, specify first point : fix one point by any method

specify second point : fix second point by any method

specify third point : fix third point by any method

specify 4 th point(or) <exit > : fix fourth point ◄┘ (enter)

First two points marked fix one edge of the polygon third point should be specified
diagonally opposite to the second specify fourth point.

Auto CAD 2004 takes the last two points of the first polygon as the first two points for the
next polygon.

Once the command solid is on it will continue unless ◄┘ (entered) i.e., exit.

Pan Command: Pan command moves the drawing on the screen display does not change in shape &
size only its location changes in fact it moves the display window. Cursor changes to a hand shape
cursor by hidden down the pick button you are locking the cursor to its current location. Now cursor
is moved in the desired direction & along with cursor graphics also more when pick. button is
released panning stops only hand cursor move. At the end of stop panning either press ◄┘ (enter)
(or) escape EC.

Erase Command:

Erase command is used to remove object/ object from the drawing it‟s an editing tool. It is nothing
but erase/ rubber as we use for manual drawing. This erase leave zero impression of object/ objects
removed.

It can be given in 3 different ways.

(i) Click on mouse on erase tool bar icon.

(ii) Type by keyboard word „ERASE‟ in the command window
(iii) Select „ERASE‟ option from modify menu.
Ex: Command : Erase

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Select objects : Select by simple window totally (or) by crossing

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 Window totally

Select objects : ◄┘ (enter) circle will disappear.

Rotate Command: Rotate command facilitates to rotate the object at defined angle. This command
is used to rotate object about a base point max by 360 where as move command facilitates to move
the object anywhere in the drawing.

Rotate command can be give in 3 different ways as under.

(i) Click on mouse by „Rotate‟ tool bar icon

(ii) Type by keyboard word “Rotate” in command window.
(iii) By selecting „Rotate‟ option from modify menu.
After giving rotate command, computer will prompt

Select the object

Specifying the base point of rotation &
Specifying rotation angle.
Ex: Command : ROTATE.

Select objects : Select rectangle by clicking on it by mouse ◄┘ (enter) Specify Base pt: Click on pt c
by mouse.
Rotation angle: 450 ◄┘ (enter)
NOTE: Rotation angle should be mentioned only in counter clock wise direction.

Move Command: Move command is used when we can‟t display object to a specified location.

Click on mouse („Move” tool bar icon)

Type by K.B word “Move” in command window.
Select “Move” option from the “modify” menu.

Result: Studying and practicing of all basic draw commands is done in the Auto CAD.

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 Experiment No: 4
Drawing Plan of a building in Auto CAD
A) Plan of a Single Storeyed building in Auto CAD

Aim: To draw Plan of a Single Storeyed building in Auto CAD

Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
Plan procedure:
 Draw the rooms using RECTANGLE command with 3.5mX8m, 1.3mX0.9m, 2mX1.2m,
3.5mX7.1m and 3.5mx2.5m dimensions to represent bed room, toilets, bathroom, drawing
room, and kitchen respectively
 Arrange all rooms in required position using MOVE command with reference to the given
line diagram
 Draw the wall thickness rectangle using OFFSET command with0.23m width
 Draw the rectangles for windows with 1.1mX1.25mat mentioned position and for door with
1.0mX2.0m and 0.75mX2m dimensions and place them in required position using MOVE
command
 Open at door positions using TRIM command and draw type of the door
 Draw the sunshades of 0.6m projection with a bearing of 0.15m all-around the windows
 Draw two steps in front of the door with raise 150mm and tread 300mm using
RECTANGLE command

Result: Drawing Plan of a Single Storeyed building is done in the Auto CAD

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 B) Plan of a Multi Storeyed building in Auto CAD

Aim: To draw Plan of a Multi Storeyed building in Auto CAD

Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
Plan procedure:
 Draw the rooms using RECTANGLE command with 3.5mX8m, 1.3mX0.9m, 2mX1.2m,
3.5mX7.1m and 3.5mx2.5m dimensions to represent bed room, toilets, bathroom,
drawing room, and kitchen respectively
 Arrange all rooms in required position using MOVE command with reference to the
given line diagram
 Draw the wall thickness rectangle using OFFSET command with0.23m width
 Draw the rectangles for windows with 1.1mX1.25mat mentioned position and for door
with 1.0mX2.0m and 0.75mX2m dimensions and place them in required position using
MOVE command
 Open at door positions using TRIM command and draw type of the door
 Draw the sunshades of 0.6m projection with a bearing of 0.15m all-around the windows
 Draw two steps in front of the door with raise 150mm and tread 300mm using
RECTANGLE command
 Do the same for all floors on the ground floor of the building to represent different floor
plans

Result: Drawing Plan of a Multi Storeyed building is done in the Auto CAD

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 Experiment No: 5
Drawing Section and Elevation of a building in Auto CAD
A) Section and Elevation of a Single Storeyed building in Auto CAD

Aim: To draw Section and Elevation of a Single Storeyed building in Auto CAD
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
Section Procedure:
 Draw rectangles of dimensions 0.9mX0.3m, 0.6mX0.6m, 0.4mX0.6m and 0.25mX3m using
RECTANGLE command to represent C.C bed, footing, basement and height of building
respectively
 Arrange all of them in required position using MOVE command
 Draw a rectangle with depth of 120mm to represent slab of the building
 Draw the parapet(0.45m Height and 150mm thick), sunshades, doors, windows and
lintels(150mm thick and 15mm bearings) in the section using LINE or RECTANGLE
command
 Draw the Shahabad tile flooring over C.C of 100mm thick using LINE command
 Hatch the section using HATCH command in required portions of the drawing
 By projecting lines from plan and section draw the elevation of the building with paneled door
and window with steps in front of door

Result: Drawing Section and Elevation of a Single Storeyed building is done in the Auto CAD

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 B) Section and Elevation of a Multi Storeyed building in Auto CAD
Aim: To draw Section and Elevation of a Multi Storeyed building in Auto CAD
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
Section Procedure:
 Draw rectangles of dimensions 0.9mX0.3m, 0.6mX0.6m, 0.4mX0.6m and 0.25mX3m using
RECTANGLE command to represent C.C bed, footing, basement and height of building
respectively
 Arrange all of them in required position using MOVE command
 Draw a rectangle with depth of 120mm to represent slab of the building
 Draw the parapet(0.45m Height and 150mm thick), sunshades, doors, windows and lintels(150mm
thick and 15mm bearings) in the section using LINE or RECTANGLE command
 Draw the Shahabad tile flooring over C.C of 100mm thick using LINE command
 Hatch the section using HATCH command in required portions of the drawing

By projecting lines from plan and section draw the elevation of the building with paneled door and
window with steps in front of door

Result : Drawing Section and Elevation of a Multi Storeyed building is done in the Auto CAD

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 Experiment No: 6
Detailing of building components like Doors, Windows, Roof Trusses
Aim: To draw components like doors, windows and roof trusses of a building in Auto CAD
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
Draw a rectangle using RECTAGLE command with dimensions equal to door dimensions
Command Sequence:
 Command: RECTANGLE
 Specify first corner point:
 Specify the second corner point:
 Using OFFSET command draw a parallel rectangle inside the above drawn rectangle
Command Sequence
 Command: OFFSET
 Specify the offset distance:
 Select the object to offset:
 Draw the wooden panels with required dimensions using RECTANGLE and OFFSET
command
 Move all those panels into exact position by using MOVE command and hatch to show wooden
portion and glazed potion using HATCH command.
Command Sequence:
 Command: HATCH
 Select the pattern: Glass
 Add pick points:
 Do the same for drawing windows and roof trusses

Result: Drawing Components like Doors, Windows and roof Trusses of a building is done in the
Auto CAD

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 Experiment No: 7
Exercises on development of working drawings of buildings in Auto CAD
Aim: To prepare Drawings for a building in the Auto CAD
Requirements: -
 Auto CAD Software
 Computer Hardware
Commands: -
 Rectangle
 Line
 Arc
 Copy
 Move
 Hatch
 Text or M TEXT
 Dim linear
 Trim
 Offset
Procedure:
Set the units and drawing limits for the drawing in the format option as required
 Draw the plan of the building with all rooms in the correct position using commands like
LINE, RECTANGLE, OFFSET and MOVE with reference to the given line diagram
 Draw the section of the building with components like C.C bed, footings, basement and
walls with sections and elevations of doors and windows with specified dimensions and in
exact position using MOVE command
 Hatch the required components of the section using HATCH command
 Draw the Elevation of the building by projecting lines from the plan and section
 Draw the site plan of the building with required spaces all around the building with details
like car parking, plinth area, passages and location of the septic tank using RECTANGLE
and LINE commands
 Draw the Key plan of the building which should show the position of the building among
the surrounding structures and road network
 Draw the Title block at the left bottom corner of the drawing using LINE and OFFSET
commands to write signature of the owner and surveyor
 Draw a tabular form above the title block and draw the details like Foundation details,
Doors schedule and window schedule using LINE and M TEXT commands
 Draw the North Arrow above the table using required commands to show the direction and
orientation of the drawings
 Using TEXT command write the details like room sizes, their name like bedroom or kitchen
and sizes of steps

Water supply Layout:

 Draw the plan of the building with all rooms in the correct position using commands like
LINE, RECTANGLE, OFFSET and MOVE with reference to the given line diagram
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 Draw two parallel lines in front of the building plan with a distance of 3.75m between them
to represent the road using LINE and OFFSET commands
 Draw the details like Tap, Shower, Storage tank, tubs, Water basins and sinks in the rooms
of the plan using necessary commands
 Draw a line between two road lines using LINE command to represent main water pipe
 Draw a perpendicular line from the above drawn line up to points like taps and sinks to
represent service or distribution pipes of the building
 Draw the circles at every intersection of the lines using CIRCLE command to represent
valves between the pipes
 Using TEXT command write all the details

Sanitary Lines:
 Draw the plan of the building with all rooms in the correct position using commands like
LINE, RECTANGLE, OFFSET and MOVE with reference to the given line diagram
 Draw two parallel lines in front of the building plan with a distance of 3.75m between them
to represent the road using LINE and OFFSET commands
 Draw the details like Tap, Shower, Water closets, vent pipes, Water basins, septic tank,
flushing cisterns and sinks in the rooms of the plan using necessary commands
 Draw a line between two road lines using LINE command to represent main sewer pipe
 Draw a perpendicular line from the above drawn line up to points like Water closets, Septic
tanks and sinks to represent waste collecting pipes of the building
 Using TEXT command write all the details

Result: Preparation of Working Drawings of a building in the Auto CAD is done

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