ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD (formerly Ultimate Strength Design)

DESIGN PRINCIPLE:
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 ≥ 𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉

ANALYSIS OF BEAM WITH COMPRESSION STEEL (DOUBLY-REINFORCED BEAM)

𝑏𝑤
𝜖𝑢 = 0.003
𝑑′ 𝜖𝑠′ 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′
𝐴′𝑠 𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐
𝑐 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
ℎ 𝑑 − 𝑑′
𝑑 − 0.50𝑎

𝐴𝑠 𝜖𝑠 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠

𝜖𝑡

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM BALANCE STEEL RATIO

𝐴′𝑠
𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑅𝐵 = 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑅𝐵 +
𝑏𝑑
′
𝑓𝑠
= 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑅𝐵 + 𝜌′ ( )
𝑓𝑦
if displaced concrete is neglected; fy is that of tension bar

𝐴′𝑠
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝜌′ =
𝑏𝑑

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM MAXIMUM STEEL RATIO

𝐴𝑠2
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐷𝑅𝐵 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑅𝐵 +
𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑠′
= 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑅𝐵 + 𝜌′ ( )
𝑓𝑦
if displaced concrete is neglected; fy is that of tension bar

𝐴′𝑠
where: 𝜌′ =
𝑏𝑑

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 1: 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝜌 < 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 1𝑎: 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 1𝑎: 𝑓𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑠′ < 𝑓𝑦

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 2: 𝑓𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙

𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 2𝑎: 𝑓𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦
𝐶𝐴𝑆𝐸 2𝑎: 𝑓𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑓𝑠′ < 𝑓𝑦

𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒂𝒃𝒘 (𝒅 − ) + 𝑨′𝑺 𝒇′𝒔 (𝒅 − 𝒅′)
𝟐

1 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS (NSCP 2015 or ACI 318-14)

• The purposes of strength reduction factors 𝜙 are:
a. To account for the probability of under-strength members
due to variations in material strengths and dimensions
b. To account for inaccuracies in the design equations
c. To reflect the available ductility and required reliability of the member under the load effects being considered
d. To reflect the importance of the member in the structure.

TABLE 421.2.2 (NSCP 2015) or TABLE 21.2.2

STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR 𝝓 FOR MOMENT, AXIAL FORCE, OR COMBINED MOMENT AND AXIAL FORCE
𝝓
Net tensile
Classification Type of transverse reinforcement
Strain, 𝝐𝒕
SPIRALS OTHERS
Compression
𝜖𝑡 ≤ 𝜖𝑡𝑦 0.75 0.65
Controlled
𝜖𝑡 − 𝜖𝑡𝑦 𝜖𝑡 − 𝜖𝑡𝑦
𝜖𝑡𝑦 < 𝜖𝑡 < 0.005 Transition 0.75 + 0.15 0.65 + 0.25
0.005 − 𝜖𝑡𝑦 0.005 − 𝜖𝑡𝑦
Tension
𝜖𝑡 ≥ 0.005 0.90 0.90
Controlled

2 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

DESIGN OF BEAM WITH COMPRESSION STEEL (DOUBLY-REINFORCED BEAM)

𝑏𝑤 𝐹𝐵𝐷 1: 𝐹𝐵𝐷 2:

𝑑′ 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤
𝐴′𝑠 𝑎
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤
𝑑 𝑑 − 𝑑′ = +
ℎ 𝑑 − 𝑑′
𝑑 − 0.50𝑎 𝑑 − 0.50𝑎

𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) 𝑓𝑠 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠

DESIGN PROCESS BY ENGR SEGUNDO POGI

STEP 1: Compute required strength 𝑀𝑢 (𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)
STEP 2:
𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙(𝑀𝑛 ); = 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
𝜙
𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝜙 = 0.90

STEP 3: Solve for 𝑀𝑛1 by using 𝐹𝐵𝐷 1

𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑑

𝑓𝑐′ 0.003
𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝑖𝑓 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.85𝛽1 ( ) ; 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 < 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙
𝑓𝑦 0.003 + 0.005
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜙 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 0.90

𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) 𝑓𝑠 𝑎
𝑎= ; 𝑐=
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝛽1

𝑑−𝑐
𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑠 : 𝑓𝑠 = 600 ( )
𝑐

𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏𝑤 (𝑑 − 0.50𝑎)

STEP 4: Solve 𝑀𝑛2

𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛2 = − 𝑀𝑛1
𝜙
STEP 5: Using 𝐹𝐵𝐷 2
𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑠′ : 𝑓𝑠′ = 600 ( )
𝑐

𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 @ 𝐴𝑠1 :

𝑀𝑛2
𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ (𝑑 − 𝑑′); 𝐴′𝑠 = ′
𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑′)

𝑂𝑅 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 @𝐴′𝑠 :

𝑀𝑛2
𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑′); 𝐴𝑠1 =
𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − 𝑑′)

3 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

Σ𝐹𝐻 = 0
𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′

∴ 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠(𝑚𝑎𝑥) + 𝐴𝑠1

4 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SITUATION: A reinforced concrete with the details as shown. Take 𝑓𝑐′ =21MPa, 𝑓𝑦 =280MPa.
350𝑚𝑚

65𝑚𝑚
2 − 25𝑚𝑚

435𝑚𝑚
550𝑚𝑚

5 − 36𝑚𝑚

1. Determine the balanced steel area.

2. Calculate balance nominal moment.
3. Determine the depth of compression block.
4. Determine the design strength.

5 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SITUATION: Given the following data of a beam:

400𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 24𝑀𝑃𝑎
60𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎
2 − 20𝑚𝑚

650𝑚𝑚 𝑑 = 500𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠 : 𝐷32𝑚𝑚

5. Determine the balanced tension steel area.

6. Compute the design strength of the beam using 5-32mm diameter tension bars.
7. Compute the design strength of the beam using 7-32mm diameter tension bars.
8. Compute the design strength of the beam if As’: 3-25mm diameter and As: 5-32mm diameter tension bars.

6 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

9. Given the following data of a beam, determine the design strength.

500𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 21𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑠 : 8𝐷32𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑦 = 420𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑑 = 500𝑚𝑚 700𝑚𝑚

2 − 20𝑚𝑚
60𝑚𝑚

7 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

10. Given the following data of a beam, determine the design strength.
700𝑚𝑚

𝑑 ′ = 75𝑚𝑚

𝐴′𝑠 = 3𝐷25𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 400𝑚𝑚
550𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠 = 10𝐷32𝑚𝑚

8 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SITUATION: A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. Compressive
′
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. 𝑓𝐶 = 27.5 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use 2015NSCP. The beam is to
support a factored bending moment of 670 kN-m.
11. Determine the area of steel required as tension reinforcement if the minimum strain in the extreme tension steel is
permitted to be 0.004.
12. Determine the area of steel required as tension reinforcement if the minimum strain in the extreme tension steel is
limited to 0.005.
13. Determine the number of 28mmØ bars required as tension reinforcement if the reduction factor, 𝜙=0.90.

9 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SITUATION: A RC beam section which is 375 mm wide and 500 mm deep must resist a service live load moment of 105 kN-
′
m and a service dead load moment of 210 kN-m. 𝑓𝑐 = 24 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 420 MPa and φ=0.90. Take 𝑑𝑣 = 12𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑐 =
40𝑚𝑚
14. Determine the required nominal flexural strength of the section.
15. Determine the maximum steel ratio allowed for a tension-controlled singly-reinforced beam section.
16. Find the number of 28mmØ tension steel.
17. Calculate the stress in compression steel.
18. Find the number of 28mmØ compression steel.

10 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

11 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
SITUATION: For the given beam:
450𝑚𝑚

70𝑚𝑚
3 − 25𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑐′ = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
550𝑚𝑚
650𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠: 10 − 32𝑚𝑚

1. Determine the balanced steel area. (𝟖𝟒𝟖𝟓. 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟐 )

2. Determine the distance of the top fiber to the neutral axis. (𝟑𝟎𝟑. 𝟏𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝒎)
3. Determine the design strength. (𝟗𝟗𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟎𝟐 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎)

4. Determine the design strength for the given beam (𝟖𝟗𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟏 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎)
450𝑚𝑚

70𝑚𝑚
3 − 25𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑐′ = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
550𝑚𝑚
650𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠: 8 − 28𝑚𝑚

5. Determine the design strength for the given beam (𝟖𝟖𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎)
450𝑚𝑚

70𝑚𝑚
2 − 20𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑐′ = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
550𝑚𝑚
650𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠: 10 − 32𝑚𝑚

6. Determine the design strength for the given beam (𝟐𝟗𝟕. 𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟗𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎)
450𝑚𝑚

70𝑚𝑚
2 − 20𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑐′ = 28𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 420 𝑀𝑃𝑎
300𝑚𝑚
500𝑚𝑚

𝐴𝑠: 10 − 32𝑚𝑚

12 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED CONCRETE RECTANGULAR BEAM

SITUATION: A RC beam section which is 450 wide and 550 mm effective depth must resist a service live load moment of
′
200 kN-m and a service dead load moment of 350 kN-m. 𝑓𝑐 = 24 MPa, 𝑓𝑦 = 420 MPa, take d’=70mm.
Taking 𝜖𝑡 = 0.004
7. Determine the required area of tensile steel. (𝟓𝟏𝟓𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝟓𝟔𝟑𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
𝟐
8. Determine the required area of compression steel. (𝟕𝟕𝟐. 𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟏 𝒎𝒎 )
Taking 𝜖𝑡 = 0.005
9. Determine the required area of tensile steel. (𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟓 𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
10. Determine the required area of compression steel. (𝟕𝟔𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓𝒎𝒎𝟐 )

13 PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO