ST.

JOHN PAUL II INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

TRAINING ASSESSMENT AND LEARNING CENTER, INC
FRA Building, Carmen West, Rosales, Pangasinan/
Aguila Road, Brgy. Sevilla, San Fernando City, La Union

Animation (NC II)

Quarter I – Module 1:
(Week 1-2)
 Subject: Animation
Grade & Section: Grade 12- TVL ICT
Module No. 1-2
Week No. 1-2
Instructor: Mr. Roi Jones Y. Ballenas

Objectives:

After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

1. arrange the timeline of animation;
2. discuss the different origins of animation;
3. continue the next timeline of animation until present.
4. identify and describe the different animation tools and equipment;
5. state the use of the different animation tools and equipment;
6. use the different animation tools and equipment according to function and
task requirement.

Lesson
Introduction to Animation
1
Animation is the creation of the “illusion of movement” using a series of still
images. It is the process of designing, drawing, making layouts and preparation of
photographic sequences which are integrated in the multimedia and gaming
products. Animation involves the exploitation and management of still images to
generate the illusion of movement. A person who creates animations is called
animator. He / she use various computer technologies to capture the still images and
then to animate these in desired sequence.
 1 2

3 4

Multimedia is the term used to represent combination of visual and audio

materials gathered from various resources and then added into one single
combination. A multimedia product can be sets of texts, graphic arts, sounds,
animations and videos. Precisely, term multimedia is used to refer visual and audio
materials into a single common presentation which can be played in a computer
including CD ROM or digital video, internet or web technology, streaming audio or
video and data projection system etc.
Modern entertainment industry i.e. film and television has gained new heights
because of advances in animation, graphics and multimedia. Television
advertisements, cartoons serials, presentation and model designs - all use animation
and multimedia techniques.

The history of animation started long before the development of

cinematography. Humans have probably attempted to depict motion as far back as
the paleolithic period. Shadow play and the magic lantern offered popular shows with
projected images on a screen, moving as the result of manipulation by hand and/or
some minor mechanics. In 1833 the phenakistiscope introduced the stroboscopic
principles of modern animation, which decades later would also provide the basis for
the cinematography.
MAGIC LANTERN

The Magic Lantern or Lanterna

Magica is an early type of image
projector developed in the 17th century.
The magic lantern has a concave mirror
in front of a light source that gathers
light and projects it through a slide with
an image scanned onto it. The light rays
cross an aperture (which is an opening
at the front of the apparatus), and hit a
lens. The lens throws an enlarged
picture of the original image from the
slide onto a screen.

THAUMATROPE (1824)

A disk or card with a picture on

each side is attached to two pieces of
string. When the strings are twirled
quickly between the fingers the two
pictures appear to combine into a
single image due to persistence of
vision.

PHENAKISTOSCOPE (1832)

The phenakistoscope used a spinning

disc attached vertically to a handle.
Arrayed around the disc’s center was a
series of drawings showing phases of
the animation, and cut through it was
a series of equally spaced radial slits.
The user would spin the disc and look
through the moving slits at the discs
reflection in a mirror.The scanning of
the slits across the reflected images
kept them from blurring together, so
that the user would see a rapid
succession of imagesthat appeared to
be a single moving picture.
ZOETROPE (1833)

The zoetrope consists of a

cylinder with slits cut vertically in the
sides. On the inner surface of the
cylinder is a band with images from a
set of sequenced pictures. As the
cylinder spins, the user looks through
the slits at the pictures across. The
scanning of the slits keeps the pictures
from simply blurring together, and the
user sees a rapid succession of images,
producing the illusion of motion.

FLIP BOOK (1868)

A flip book or flick book is a book

with a series of pictures that vary
gradually from one page to the next, so
that when the pages are turned rapidly
the pictures appear to animate by
simulating motion or some other
change.
PRAXINOSCOPE (1877)

The praxinoscope was an

animation device, the successor of the
zoetrope. Like the zoetrope, it used a
strip of pictures placed around the
inner surface of a spinning cylinder.
The praxinoscope improved on the
zoetrope by replacing its narrow
viewing slits with an inner circle of
mirrors, placed so the reflections
appreared more or less stationary as
the wheel turned.Someone looking in
the mirrors would therefore see a rapid
succession of images, producing the
illusion of motion.

KINETOSCOPE (1888)

The Kinetoscope is an early

motion picture exhibition device.
Though not a movie projector, it was
designed for films to be viewed
individually through the window of the
cabinet housing its components. It
creates the illusion of movement by
conveying a strip of film bearing
sequential images over a light source
with a high speed shitter.

35 mm filmstrip of the Edison

production Butterfly Dance (ca. 1894–
95), featuring Annabelle Whitford
Moore, in the format that would become
standard for both still and motion
picture photography around the world.
CINEMATOGRAPH (1892)

It is a film camera, which also

serves as a film projector.

THE FIRST FILMS

Gertie the Dinosaur (1914)v

Gertie the Dinosaur is a 1914

American animated short film by
Windsor McCay. Although not the first
animated film, as is sometimes
thought, it was the first cartoon to
feature a character with an appealing
personality. The appearance of a true
character distinguished it from earlier
animated “trick films”. The film was
also the first to be created using
keyframe animation.

El Apostol (1917)

El Apóstol (Spanish: “The

Apostle”) was a 1917 Argentine
animated film utilizing cutout
animation, and the world’s first
animated feature film.
 Felix the Cat (1925)

Felix the Cat is a cartoon

character created in the silent film era.
His black body, white eyes, and giant
grin, coupled with the surrealism of the
situations in which his cartoons place
him, combine to make Felix one of the
most recognized cartoon characters in
film history. Felix was the first
character from animation to attain a
level of popularity sufficient to draw
movie audiences.

Walt Disney’s Alice Comedies (1925)

The “Alice Comedies” are a series

of animated cartoons created by Walt
Disney in the 1920s, in which a live
action little girl named Alice (originally
played by Virginia Davis) and an
animated cat named Julius have
adventures in an animated landscape.

Walt Disney’s Steamboat Willie (1928)

Steamboat Willie was produced in

black-and-white by The Walt Disney
Studio and released by Celebrity
Productions. The cartoon is considered
the debut of Mickey Mouse, and his
girlfriend Minnie, but the characters had
both appeared several months earlier in
test screenings. Steamboat Willie was
the third of Mickey’s films to be
produced, but was the first to be
distributed. The film is also notable for
being one of the first cartoons with
synchronized sound.
 Warner Bros Looney Tunes (1930)

Sinkin’ in the Bathtub was the very

first Warner Bros. theatrical cartoon short
as well as the very first of the Looney Tunes
series. Made in 1930, this short marked the
theatrical debut of Bosko the “Talk-Ink Kid”
whom Harman and
Ising had created to show to Warner
Brothers. Bosko became their first star
character, surpassed only much later by
Porky Pig and Daffy Duck. Also, this is the
first publicly released non-Disney cartoon
to have a prerecorded soundtrack.

Disney’s Silly Symphonies “Flowers and Trees” (1932)

It was the first commercially

released film to be produced in the
full-color three-strip Technicolor
process, after several years of twocolor
Technicolor films.

Disney’s “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” (1937)

It is the first full-length cel

animated feature in motion picture
history, the first animated feature film
produced in the United States, the first
produced in full color, the first to be
produced by Walt Disney Productions,
and the first in the Walt Disney
Animated Classics series.
Lesson Information 1.2: Hand tools
and equipment.
Lesson
Hand Tools and Equipment
2
In traditional animation, preparation of materials depend on the needs of the
client, layout, animation director, animator, clean-up process, in-between process,
and during the final stage of the production. The following are the common tools,
equipment, and materials in animation.

Tools Equipment Materials

animation disc animation paper
ergonomic
pencil • printable
• • computer, • •
peg storyboard
•• tables, and •
bar • exposure sheets
• chairs light box •
eraser • practice
printer
brush materials

Tools and Equipment for Hand Drawn Animation

a. Pencil is used to rought out first key

drawings. HB or B pencil is needed for clean
drawing, while colored pencil is used for
roughing out the animation.

b. Clutch pencil is used for cleanup

drawings. It has the same fine width as
graphite pencils This is often used by
animators because it does not have to be
continuously sharpened.
c. Sharpener is used to sharpen a
pencil’s lead by shaving away its wood
surface.

d. Eraser is used to remove pencil

markings on the paper. It is important
for an animator to have an eraser to rub
out lead cleanly. It is available in soft
plastic and rubber.

e. Brush is used to get rid of any

carbon dust or eraser pieces.

f. Masking tape is used to secure

animation papers or for taping down the
peg bar.
 g. Mirror is used to catch the right facial
expression for a character.

h. Animation paper usually comes in field

sizes, either 12 field or 15 field. However, A4
size is commonly used now because it is more
suitable for most scanners.

i. Animation lightbox is a
fundamental element needed in animation
desks. It is used to see clearly through all the
layers of drawings.

j. Animation disc is a drawing disc placed on a

light box and used to work out camera moves and
panning walk cycles. It has two sliding peg bars that
are found at the top and bottom. It is made up of metal,
plastic, or wood
 k. Camera rig is made up of metal frame to
hold and control the camera without shaking
when being used.

l. Camcorder is used to record and store

images that will be imported to the computer

m. Scanner is used as an alternative device

to a camera. It is a device that scans
documents and converts them into digital
data.

n. Drawing tablet is used for digital coloring and

drawing. It is also known as graphics tablet,
digitizer, drawing pad, pen tablet, or digital art
board. It is a computer input device that enables a
user to handdraw images, animations and
graphics, with a special pen-like stylus, similar to
the way a person draws images with a pencil and
paper.

o. Personal computer is used in animation for

line testing. Once completed, this is where final
coloring and shooting of the final film is done.
SELF-CHECK# 1.2.1

Directions: Identify and explain the functions of the following hand tools and
equipment.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.
7. 8.

9. 10.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Write true on the line if the statement is correct. Write false if it is not.

1. Tools must be in good condition at all times.

2. A graphic tablet must be kept clean and dry, and stored properly after use.
_________3. Work area must be kept clean and tidy to avoid clutter that may cause
accidents.
4. keyboard must be cleaned efficiently according to your own liking.
5. Animation papers must be sorted and kept together.
Lesson Checking. Inspecting,
3 Assessing and Maintaining
Hand Tools and Equipment
I. Objectives

Upon completion of this module the learners should be able to;

1. check, inspect, and assess the condition of tools and equipment for proper
operation and safety;
2. follow procedures in cleaning, tightening, and simple repair of hand tools,
equipment, and paraphernalia;
3. identify common malfunctions (unplanned or unusual events) when using
hand tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are identified and;
4. perform safety procedures in using hand tools, equipment, and paraphernalia.

Checking and Inspecting Materials, Tools, and Equipment

It is important to inspect and check materials and tools for defects and damages
before receiving them so that one can ask for replacement if found defective. Here are
ways to check whether materials and tools are in good condition and complete.

1. Check if the materials and tools are complete in terms of quantity and
specification.
2. Check the physical condition of tools. Ensure that the parts are complete
and free from damages.
3. Check the accessories of the materials and tools. Make sure there is nothing
missing.
4. If any of the materials or tools is found missing or defective, inform it
immediately to the person in charge.
5. Secure a replacement for the material or tool found defective.
6. Sign the requisition from upon receiving the materials and tools to ensure
that you receive them.
7. Always handle the materials and tools carefully.
Assessing the Condition of Tools and Equipment for Proper
Operation and Safety

In any workplace, it is important to follow the basic rules governing the use of
hand tools to avoid accidents and injuries. Below are ways to check the safety use of
tools:

1. Choose the right tool for the job.

2. If defects are seen, detected, or noticed, immediately dispose the said tool
to avoid any possible injury.
3. Pointed tools such as pencils must not be placed in one’s pocket.
4. Use only tools in good condition.
5. Store the tools and materials when not in use.
6. Tool handles should be kept dry to prevent slipping when in use.
7. Tools must be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines and
must be suitable for the task for which they are to be used.
8. The right protective equipment for the tool and activity must be used.
9. Tools must be checked for any damage. In case of damage, label the tool as
faulty or defective and organize a repair or replacement.
10. Keep electrical power tools free from dust and dirt and make sure they are
free of oil and grease.
11. Store commonly used tools in an easy-to-reach location.
12. Tools and equipment must be cleaned after every use.
13. Keep one’s working area tidy. This will improve productivity and avoid
injuries of one’s work.
14. All equipment should have a maintenance schedule.

Safety Procedures and Common Malfunctions in Using Hand

Tools,
Equipment, and Paraphernalia

Tools are part of everybody’s lives that it is difficult for animators to be aware
that they may pose hazards. Serious accidents can happen no matter how cautious
animators are in taking steps to avoid or eliminate tool-related hazards. Animators
must learn to recognize the hazard associated with the different tools they use and
the safety precautions necessary to prevent those hazards.
Mishandling of hand tools and equipment is a source of injury to workers. In
many cases, injury happens because we assume that we know how to use the tool.
General Safety Rules

Safety procedure and proper handling of tools and equipment are highly
observed when working with any electronic devices in the animation industry to avoid
damages or injuries. An animator works with so many things on his or her desk such
as lamp, lightbox, animation disc, graphic tablets, and computer. It is important that
an animator is familiar in using each tool correctly. With the proper knowledge of the
use of tools, the job of an animator is less difficult. The following safety rules apply
to every animator:

1. Workstation

a. Keep your work area clean.

b. Dust and papers are fire hazards and can damage your tools and
equipment.
c. An animator’s desk has lots of paper. Never leave sheets lying around the
table.
d. Place scrap materials in appropriate containers.
e. Keep your workstation well lit. If you cannot see your work, then you
cannot see the hazard.
f. Keep the surrounding free from ignitable materials before working with
tools that can produce sparks.

2. Tools

a. Inspect your tools before using.

b. Check the breakage of parts if there are cracks on the glass of the
animation lightbox and animation disc.
c. Disconnect the power source when performing maintenance and
cleaning the computer, scanner, digital camera, and other electronic
devices.

Common Malfunctions When Using Hand Tools, Equipment, and

Paraphernalia

In today’s world, computers and other electronic devices are essential to every
person to the extent that they became a necessity to have one of these electronic
devices. However, a device wears out due to several factors such as environmental
effects, corrosion, vibration, and temperature. Wrong ways of using these devices can
contribute to faulty defects. Therefore, knowing how to use and take care of one’s
device is essential to prolong its usefulness and limiting the damages it could bring.
These are the common malfunctions when using hand tools and equipment:
 1. Wrong use of tools for the job will create bad effect on the tools.
2. Too much imposition of force on tools, which is less that its capacity to
endure, causes the tools to be unserviceable.
3. Tools not kept and maintained will make them difficult to operate and non
functional.

Methods of Identifying Nonfunctional Tools and Equipment

To identify nonfunctinal tools and equipment, the following inspections should

be done:

1. Visual inspection. The animator has to see and check the appearance of the
tools and equipment.
2. Functionality. The animator has to check the range of operations that can
be run on a computer or other electronic systems.
3. Performance. The animator has to check the process of accomplishing a
task.
4. Power supply. The animator has to check the hardware component that
supplies power to an electrical device.
5. Persons involved. The animator has to consult someone who is technically
expert on the job.

SELF-CHECK# 1.3.1

A. Write true if the statement is correct. Write false if it is not.

1. Handheld electrical tools must be used and maintained in accordance with

the manufacturers’ guidelines and must be suitable for the task for which they
are to be used.
2. Animator cannot use any equipment unless previously instructed for its
safe use.
3. All tools must be stored safely when not in use.
4. Pointed tools such as pencils must not be carried in pockets.
5. Tool handles should be kept dry to prevent slipping when in use.
6. Never carry sharp tools in your pocket.
7. Always complete the task described on the schedule at the required time.
8. Computers must only be cleaned once a month.
9. Pictures and animation text reference must be kept in an easy-to reach location.
10. After using the sharpener, clean it and return it to its proper storage place. B.
LEARNING ACTIVITY:

A. List at least five (5) safety measures in using hand tools, equipment, and
paraphernalia.

B. Classify whether the hand tools, equipment, and paraphernalia in the animation
room are functional or nonfunctional. List the answer in the box.

Functional Nonfunctional
Lesson Cleaning and Repairing Hand
4 Tools, Equipment, and
Paraphernalia

I. Objectives

Upon completion of this module the learners should be able to;

1. identify the different cleaning tools and;

2. follow the procedures in cleaning hand tools, equipment, and
paraphernalia.

In any workplace, our safety depends on cleanliness. Having the appropriate

cleaning tools is essential when maintaining and repairing computers and other
electronic devices used in the animation workstation. Using the appropriate cleaning
tools helps ensure that electronic components are nto damaged during cleaning.
Keeping computers and other electronic devices clean inside and out is a vital
part of a maintenance program. Dirt accumulated from pencil erasures can cause
problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical
components of computers. An excessive build up of dust acts like an insulator and
traps the heat on any electrical component. This insulation impairs the ability of heat
sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to
overheat and fail. Dirty animation lightbox or animation disc may prevent animators
from producing a good clean-up drawing. The following are common cleaning tools
used in the animation room.

Cleaning Tools

1. Lint-free cloth is used to clean different computer

components without scratching or leaving debris.
 2. Compressed air is used to blow away dust and debris from
different computer parts without touching the components.

3. Brush is used to brush off dust from pencil

erasures and other electrical components.

4. Cable ties are used to bundle cables neatly

inside and outside of a computer.

5. Vacuum cleaner is used to suck up dirt and

dust.

6. Glass cleaner is used to clean mirrors, glass,

and screen of computer monitors.

Procedures in Cleaning Hand Tools, Equipment, and Paraphernalia

1. Keep hand tools in good, clean condition with two sets of rags. One rag should
be lint-free to clean or handle electrical components. The other rag should be
oily to prevent rust and corrosion.
2. Clean all electronic devices by brushing off any dust and wiping off excess oil
or grease with a clean rag.
3. Inspect any electrical cables for dirt, and for any chafing or exposed wires.
4. Clean computer case and the outside of the monitor with mild cleaning
solution on a damp, lint-free cloth.
5. Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does
not cause electrostatic buildup on components.
 6. Clean computer monitor with a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with distilled water
and wipe the screen from top to bottom.
7. Clean animation lightbox with soft, clean damp cloth to prevent scratches on
the glass.
8. Clean desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, handheld vacuum
cleaner with a brush attachment.
9. Use only a vacuum cleaner approved for electronic components.

SELF-CHECK# 1.4.1

Conduct a maintenance activity for the following tools and equipment. Determine
how to clean it and the cleaning tool to use for each item below.

Tools/Equipment Maintenance Activity

1 . Animation disc

2 . Animation lightbox

3 . Computer cooling fan

4 . Sharpener

5 . Scanner

6 . Drawing tablet

7 . Camcorder

8 . Computer monitor

9 . Keyboard
LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Following the procedures in preparing a report to property custodian, check the

appropriate box whether you, as a student, performed the indicators.

Indicator Yes No

1. Conduct an inventory of tools and equipment.

2. Record the number of nonfunctional tools and

equipment.

3. Segregate tools that are serviceable or

unserviceable.
4. Report the number of tools and equipment that
are nonfunctional but subject for repair.

5. Label tools and equipment that are

condemnable.

6. Return tools and equipment in the tool cabinet

per operating procedures.