READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

GROUP 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR ROUND 1

1. Topic Title:

THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD THROUGH THE EYES OF

PIGAFETTA: AN APPLICATION OF HERMENEUTIC APPROACH

2. List of Members and their Role in Various Reports

Members Roles and Contribution

Bordon, Janelle Ross T. Reporter (Antonio Pigafetta, Characters of the Story,

(Leader) How the Expedition Started, Goals of the Expedition, and

Preparations for the Expedition), Constructed the Title,

Abstract and World Behind the Text or Diachronic

Analysis, Collected the Contents of the Executive

Summary, Compiled the References, Proof-reader,

Designed the Trailer, Assembled the Pre-recorded Report,

Researcher

Belgira, Cassidy Blythe A. Reporter (The Departure, The Land of Verzin, Patagonia,

Santo Juliano, and Antarctic Pole), Constructed the World

of the Text or Synchronic Analysis, External Criticism,

 and Significance, Contributed to the Brochure,

Researcher

Dela Peña, Angela Princess Reporter (The Strait of Magellan, Pacific Sea, Arrival in

the Philippines, Malucho, and Return to Spain),

Contributed to the Brochure, Created the PowerPoint for

Pre-recorded Report, Researcher

Nepomuceno, Chloe Renee C. Reporter (Timeline, Ferdinand Magellan Legacy,

Significance, and Quotes), Constructed the Internal

Criticism, Exegesis, Eisegesis, and Significance,

Researcher, Proof-reader

3. Abstract

Antonio Pigafetta’s journal entitled The First Voyage Around the World is a primary source that

provides in-depth accounts of the breakthroughs and occurrences that happened during Ferdinand

Magellan's trip. The aforementioned circumnavigation took place during the Age of Discovery, an

era wherein European countries started their global exploration. They found unprecedented

passageways to the Far East, the Americas, and India. The researchers used a hermeneutical

approach to examine the topic's contextual interpretation and ramifications. This study also

includes the preconceptions, inefficiencies, and modern implementations that happened during the

said expedition.

KEY WORDS: Antonio Pigafetta, The First Voyage, Ferdinand Magellan, circumnavigation, Age

of Discovery, hermeneutical approach, expedition

 4. Outline of the Presentation

Outline of the Report/Flow Person-in-Charge Time Allotment

of Presentation

1. Trailer Bordon, Janelle Ross T. 2 minutes

2. Brochure Belgira, Cassidy Blythe A.

Dela Peña, Angela Princess 10 minutes

3. Executive Summary Bordon, Janelle Ross T.

Belgira, Cassidy Blythe A. 10 minutes

Nepomuceno, Chloe Renee C.

4. Pre-Recorded Video of

the Report 27 minutes & 39 seconds

5. World Behind the Text or Diachronic Analysis

The Philippines before the arrival of Magellan

 Image retrieved from https://shairaleasprd.wordpress.com/2016/03/08/summary-pre-colonial

The natives of the Philippines resided in little communities known as barangays prior to

Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition. The barrio was the first unit of governance for the Filipinos. It

was a separate community made up of thirty to one hundred households that was often located

near a riverbank or at a river's mouth where it empties into the sea. The Malay word “balangay”,

meaning sailboat, is where the name "barangay" originally came from. The indigenous Filipinos

traveled to different parts of the Philippine islands using the barangays to carry them and their

belongings (Funtecha, 2006). A datu, sometimes referred to as raha or rajah, headed each social

unit. Some of them were superior compared to others due to their distinct skills like superior

strength, which earned them prestige. Sovereign authority was not present in that era because of

the country’s lack of political outlook. The datus were not powerful enough to convert the island

into a single country. Renato Constantino (1975) claimed that the datu was not the ultimate head

of state. His power was constrained by a long-standing set of conventions and protocols. Because

of his contributions to society, he got recognition, which led to people freely offering him
assistance. If, for any reason, he was determined to be unqualified to serve as the community's

leader and his power was compromised, he may be dismissed. In turn, the citizens fought with the

datu and accompanied him on expeditions. Additionally, they offered agricultural goods as buwis,

or sacrifices, to their datu.

The languages during this epoch could have been adversely affected by this approach to

life. The citizens of the Philippines had many local dialects and many multiple types of each

language, and they were not all consolidated under a distinct, broader authority. Several barangays

engaged in open commerce during this period. Additionally, there was international trade with

China, Japan, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Thailand, and other archipelagos (Stevens, 1999).

Europe preceding the expedition

The Society

Image retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/age-of-exploration-1435006

 The majority of Europe's kingdoms embraced Christianity throughout the Middle Ages.

Despite the Catholic Church's dominance, there were many other forms of religion practiced

during the Middle Ages in addition to orthodox Christianity. Long-standing pagan rituals and

beliefs intertwined with those of the new faith throughout the Early Middle Ages, making many

of those who identified as Christians socially ostracized by orthodox leadership authorities (Mark,

2019). When the Ottoman Empire seized the sovereignty of Constantinople in 1453, it greatly

constrained trade by denying Europeans accessibility to the region. Additionally, it obstructed the

entrance to the Red Sea and North Africa, two crucial commercial channels to the Far East. A

system of trade channels known as the Silk Road linked the Mediterranean and Europe with China

and the Far East. The Silk Road networks were built when the Han Dynasty in China initially

began trading with the West in 130 B.C. They were utilized until the Ottoman Empire shunned

commerce with China and abolished them in 1453 A.D. Despite the fact that it has been

approximately 600 years since the Silk Road was utilized for global commerce, the routes still

have an effect on civilization, society, and the economy.

The Age of Exploration

 Image retrieved from https://brewminate.com/causes-and-impacts-of-the-european-age-of-exploration/

The sixteenth century was an era of transformation. After Nicholas Copernicus shifted the

position of the world from being at the center of the universe, Christopher Columbus found

America and Martin Luther took on the religious order of Western Europe, this convergence of

small, particularistic areas started to realize that there was an entire planet out there waiting to be

examined. The Portuguese undertook the earliest expeditions connected to the Age of Discovery.

Even though the Portuguese, Spanish, Italians, and other seafarers had been cruising the

Mediterranean for centuries, the majority of mariners stuck close to shore or followed well-

established passages between harbors. That was altered by Prince Henry the Navigator, who

encouraged sailors to venture outside of the known sea lanes in search of uncharted trading posts

in West Africa.

The Treaty of Tordesillas

 Image retrieved fromhttps://www.worldhistory.org/Treaty_of_Tordesillas/

The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed on June 7, 1494, was an accord involving Spain and

Portugal intended to end disputes over territories that Christopher Columbus and other travelers

from the late 15th century had just found or visited (McKenna, 2019). When the Spanish

discovered a nautical path to Asia through the Pacific Ocean, Spain overthrew the Aztecs, while

Portugal went beyond the Indian Ocean. The pact between the two kingdoms was put to the fullest

test. The two empires quarreled over individuals and nations at the edge of Europe as a result of

this imperial conquest. The border itself was shifted to 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands

when Spanish and Portuguese representatives met in Tordesillas, northwest Spain, to reiterate the

canonical partition. In 1506, Pope Julius II ultimately approved the modification. As a result of the

new line, Portugal was given permission to claim Brazil's coastline after Pedro lvares Cabral

explored it in 1500. Brazil's assertions to significant sections of South America's heartland are

firmly supported by ages of expedition and habitation well to the west of the line of partition.
Ferdinand Magellan

Image retrieved from https://gohighbrow.com/ferdinand-magellan-1480-1521/

The Treaty of Tordesillas had an impact on subsequent expeditions, including Magellan's.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator, and adventurer who was born Fernão de Magalhães

in 1480 traveled under the banners of competing nations, Portugal and Spain. He joined Francisco

de Almeida's army at the beginning of 1505, joining King Manuel's voyage to limit Muslim naval

power off the shores of India and Africa and to forge a significant Portuguese presence in the

Indian Ocean. Magellan returned to India in 1507. He actively participated in the famous Battle of

Diu, which took place on February 2 and 3, 1509, and witnessed the Portuguese vanquish a Muslim

navy and take control of the majority of the Indian Ocean.

His main objectives for this expedition were motivated by prestige and fortune. Religion

is also one of the factors involved. After arriving on the mainland of Cebu, Magellan's crew

continued to the Philippine islands. There, he made connections with the natives and, overcome
by a new enthusiasm for religion, tried to introduce them to Christianity. Even though Magellan

was coming closer than ever to the Spice Islands, he chose to assist the Rajah of Cebu in defeating

their rivals on the island of Mactan. With his powerful European armaments, he believed he could

win easily, thus, despite the advice of his troops, Magellan personally took the initiative. When

Magellan was struck by a poisonous arrow during a violent battle with the troop of Mactan, he

crumbled. The day of his passing was April 27, 1521.

Although the first attempt to sail around the world was coordinated by him, Magellan

failed to finish the expedition. Fortunately, it was recorded in history, and because his quest was

the first to cover the entire globe, it is now well recognized on a worldwide scale. His successor,

Juan Sebastian de Elcano, who took over after his passing, became the first European to finish the

circumnavigation.

Antonio Pigafetta

Image retrieved from https://www.cloudridge.org/epostcard-94-magellans-chronicler-antonio-pigafetta/

 A scholar and adventurer from the Republic of Venice was among Magellan’s men.

Antonio Pigafetta was his aide in the expedition. There is not much known about Pigafetta's past

other than the fact that he participated in the first journey around the globe. Pigafetta mastered

navigation in addition to various things and was raised in a prosperous Vicenza household. In

addition to traveling to Spain with Monsignor Chieregati, the papal nuncio, he embarked on deck

the galleys of the Knights of Rhodes.

After learning of Magellan's expedition, Pigafetta determined to participate in it. He was

one among the 18 survivors that sailed the Victoria back to Spain. In addition to circumnavigating

the globe completely, Pigafetta also authored a book titled The First Voyage Around the World

that included a complete account of the journey. His work evolved into a significant primary source

that is still relevant to the modern world.

6. World of the Text or Synchronic Analysis

The Account
 Image retrieved from https://media.gettyimages.com/photos/pages-from-the-nancy-manuscript-of-antonio-

pigafettas-account-of-picture-id173305354?s=2048x2048

Pigafetta was able to survive with the journal that we know and use today. We use this

journal as a basis for everything we know about the expedition today. Pigafetta’s work was a

detailed western route to the Moluccas. And many lands were discovered along the way and many

people were. Also, in the part of the Pacific, the fleet discovered the Marinas Archipelago,

including the Philippines. All of these are written by Antonio Pigafetta – a veteran scholar and

explorer. He joined the expedition describing the events, stories, and experiences in a first-person

perspective.

The text, it had no clear style or format. The grammar was impossible to improve even by

English-speaking analysis. Since the translations of the text and meaning can depend on the

nationality of the readers. Many debated about it and the authenticity of the original manuscript. It

was widely accepted as a reliable account of the said crusade. The first voyage that Pigafetta wrote
was written in Italian, and many people say that it was sent over dozens of monarchies around

Europe.

Pigafetta has recorded in his journal one of the most major events in Philippine history.

The first time Europeans and Filipinos interacted. The original journal was lost, however there

were four manuscripts that were produced based on the original journal. The four manuscripts are

written in two different languages, one in Italian and three in French.

The Crew

Image retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/240-men-started-

magellan-voyage-around-world-only-18-finished-it

King Charles V was the one who provided the Spanish fleet and it was named Armada de

Molucca, the one led by Magellan. There are 5 ships on their journey, those 5 ships are. Santiago

had 32 crew members and was led by Juan Serrano. San Antonio had 60 crew members and was

led by Juan De Cartagena. Concepcion had 43 crew members and was led by Gaspar de Quesada.
Trinidad had 55 crew members and was led by Ferdinand Magellan. And the last ship, the only

ship to survive. Victoria had 43 crew members and was led by Luiz Mendoza. This was the ship

that Antonio Pigafetta boarded. And the crew also had different nationalities around the world.

The Voyage

Image retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2021/05/31/where-and-when-was-the-first-mass-held/

After completing the first globe voyage, the crew of the Victoria anchored in the Spanish

city of Seville's harbor on September 8, 1522. A young Italian nobleman named Antonio Pigafetta,

who had joined the voyage three years earlier and assisted Ferdinand Magellan on the way to the

Molucca Islands, with the goal of finding spices in the "Spice Islands'', was on board. When

Magellan died, the remaining ships in the fleet were lost: the Trinidad was abandoned, the

Concepcion was torched, the San Antonio was overtaken, and the Santiago was lost at sea. 18 of

the 237 seamen that left Seville came back on the Victoria. Together with his diary, which
contained notes outlining the finding of the western path to the Moluccas, Pigafetta had managed

to escape. Along the trip, the fleet also encountered new lands and peoples: on the opposite side

of the Pacific, the Marianas archipelago, and some three hundred leagues to the west, the

Philippines. Some of Pigaffeta's observations in the new land that he went on included interisland

trading, alliances among local chiefs, boat construction, bodily adornment, abundance of gold, and

marriage and burial practices. In order to establish his authority when dealing with unfamiliar

people, Pigafetta bombards them with details. He provides us pages and pages of words from

Patagonia, Cebu, and Tidore in an effort to reconstruct their world for us, including what they look

like, where they live, what they eat, and what they say. However, there isn't much humility, which

is to be expected, especially in the early sixteenth century.

7. Inter-Textual Analysis

I. External Criticism

Author’s Credibility

Pigafetta: First Voyage Around the World was written by Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian

scholar, explorer, soldier. He joined the expedition to the spice islands that was led by Ferdinand

Magellan under King Charles V of Spain. During his time exploring the world he was loyal to

Magellan and stayed comprehensive and detailed in his journal to comply with the demands of the

King. The whole document was made by Pigafetta, based on his experience.
18 Individuals were the only remaining survivors, these 18 individuals were able to survive the

journey and Antonio Pigafetta was one of these 18 individuals. In 1522 they returned to Spain

while being led by Juan Sebastian Elcano, in all 270 crew men who sailed 3 years before, these 18

individuals were the first to ever to travel all the way around the globe.

Time, Place, and Situation at the period the Source was made

Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World was first written on Aug 10 1519,

when the 5 ships began their long journey in search of a route to the Spice Islands. It was led by

Ferdinand Magellan. In the journal everything was covered even the death of Magellan and the

time they were able to get back home to Spain while being led by Juan Sebastian Elcano. And it

ended in Spain in Sept 1522.

Source survival

Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the world between 1519 and 1522 is described in a

book around 1525, this manuscript book was created. The book was written by Antonio Pigafetta.

a Venetian scholar who accompanied Magellan and was born in Venice Vicenza 1940, Italy.

Pigafetta's eyewitness account is the most detailed and complete account of this event. Their pages

are thought to be Special information about a significant historical event.

The Philippines' fascinating precolonial past is especially intriguing. Pigafetta's journal is

noteworthy because not only in Philippine history, but also in global history, because he reported

events in such a way that they were widely circulated. has also given his journal readers a clear
picture of what happened during the time of the expedition. In the process the original journal was

lost but there were four copies that had been preserved in Italian and French languages.

Connecting Pigafetta's work with that of his contemporaries

German maritime journal Marine-Rundschau written in April 1911 by Dr. Walther Vogel

One of the most prestigious pages in history is the journal kept by Antonio Pigafetta. However, it

is believed that the journal assigned viewpoints and prejudices that demonstrated an imbalanced

assessment of the events. In particular, he expressed prejudices in his account about Magellan's

bravery in the Battle of Mactan. His Eurocentric views of the Christian religion also displayed

bias. Because he saw the expedition firsthand, his narrative is often regarded as the major source

of the aforementioned historical events. According to some, Pigafetta's description of the

expedition is the most comprehensive and beautifully constructed text (Yale University Library,

n.d.).

Pigafetta's narratives on Magellan's death made it indisputable to say that he had biases as he

depicted the events of the battle of Mactan and neglected the roots and contingencies of it that may

have led to Magellan's death. The majority of Magellan's terrible circumstances may have begun
before the combat because he made choices that were at odds with the King's directives and

objectives. With the other substantial facts presented in his document, Pigafetta had, in one way

or another, described the story from a position in which he made assertions that were biased and

one-sided. He gave the most in-depth accounts of the expedition, therefore his account is still a

defining moment in history.

In spite of that, there is an additional firsthand account about Magellan’s voyages, written by

Fernando Oliveira from the excerpts of Karl Heinz Weiznor and Pedro Sastre. Dr. Walther Vogel,

a German historian, authored an article about Fernando Oliveira in the German maritime journal

Marine-Rundschau in April 1911. Although Oliveira and Magellan were contemporaries,

Oliveira's narrative had never been fully translated into English. Because Oliveira's Magellan

story was hidden within the pages of a larger, more extensive work based on his scholarly guides

on the Art of Naval Warfare and the Art of Shipbuilding in the 16th century, it was overlooked and

disregarded for generations.

Here is a direct quote from Fernando Oliveira about the Battle of Mactan in April 27, 1521:

"Magellan, undertook to do him (CiLapu Lapu) some damage or humble him, and decided to set

out for that land with some armed men and make a strike in his lands, as in fact he did set out with

sixty men armed with (h)arquebuses, and commenced to burn his huts and cut palm trees. At this

the king took steps to defend his land with many people, and gave battle against him. However, as

long as our gunpowder lasted, those of that land did not dare to close with them; but when it was

used up, they surrounded us on all sides, and since they were incomparably more numerous, they

prevailed, and our men were not able to defend themselves or escape, and fighting until they were

exhausted, some died, and Magellan among them, who, when he was alive, did not want the king

his friend to aid him with his men who were there at that time, saying that with divine favor, the
Christians would be enough to conquer that whole rabble. But when he was dead the king

(Humabon) rushed in and saved those many who were wounded and ordered them carried back to

the ships, because he was afraid that all those other enemies of his would get together and seize

them."

In summary, Oliveira's account differs considerably from Pigafetta's account regarding to the

thought that Magellan's men were helped in their retreat by rival tribe leader Humabon's men

instead of fighting back on their own. In conclusion, Oliveira's account was less poetically

embellished than Pigafetta's and looks to be more strategically sound because Lapu Lapu's

soldiers are unlikely to have pursued the fleeing Spaniards by wading into dangerous waters where

a sizable enemy force was waiting in their boats with weapons.

II. Internal Criticism

Author’s Credibility

First Voyage Around the World featuring Ferdinand Magellan and his circumnavigation

was written by Antonio Pigafetta. A prime example of a primary source considering that Pigafetta

was one of the passengers of the ship who had written in expounded detail the timeline of events

that took place during the expedition, therefore validated. In accordance, the English language

translation is a precise counterpart reference for the sole reason that it flows directly from the

fountainhead. Translated versions were also published by other validated and legitimate sources
like the French translation of the First Voyage Located at Yale University Library. Parallel to that

there were also several journals created on the same time frame as Pigafetta Created the First

Voyage Around the World bringing about truth and solidarity as well as to strengthening the claims

as far mentioned.

The book was originally titled Primo Viaggio Intorno al Mondo. The creation took place

between year 1519 on the 10th of August up until year 1522, mainly a talk through of the day-to-

day events of Ferdinand Magellan’s voyage. The book not only stated significant events but also

those of commonality from their life occurrences reflecting to the present day. Written about was

his understanding, thoughts, and takeaways about the succession of events occurring as they

progress their journey.

Antonio Pigafetta is a testimony of eyewitness for he was there firsthand experiencing the

First World Voyage with the Captain General, therefore making his Journal a primary source.

Siting the findings and different practices observed from different groups of different islands

located beyond the boundaries of their own lands. Very descriptive details describing their way of

life and how they lacked knowledge not only on the aspect of archipelago of the earth but also in

terms of basic primary knowledge.

Biases, Lapses and Inconsistencies of Sources

 The role of Christianity was greatly popularized in the First Voyage Around the World due

to the writings of Pigafetta wherein heavy storms hinder their journeying fleets thus they pray to

the Saints (St. Elmo, St. Nicholas, St. Clara) and as they appear the dark stormy clouds start to

perish out of sight and resumes the clear skies and calm seas that enables them to continue their

sail.

Filipino culture, traditions, and lifestyle are criticized throughout Europe

Filipinos were said to be exhibiting great pleasure upon seeing them. They described them

as “caphri” having holes in their ears so large that their arms could pass through them. It is also

said that they go naked, with woven cloths from trees covering their private parts but some chiefs

wear cotton cloth embroidered with silk at the ends using needles. Dark, fat, and painted are the

words used to described Filipinos physical appearance, black hair up to their waist. They used

coconut and beneseed seed oil to protect themselves against the sun and the wind.

Location of the first mass in the Philippines

The first mass that was commenced in the Philippines was held on the 31st of March year

1521 on a Sunday. Headed by Father Pedro de Valderama at the shores of Mazua. Before the mass

took place the Kings were showered with musk water by the captain. Afterwards went upfront to

kiss the cross but not to offer thy sacrifice. Remaining on their knees to worship with clasped

hands.
Inaccuracy of Maps

Image retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/item/2021668426/

Ferdinand Magellan’s primary goal was to sail to Maluku where the Spice Islands were

located. The captain general thus thought better that by taking the west route and not the east by

sailing through the strait in South America, that it was possible for him to discover a new route to

Indonesia and Asia.

 Purpose of Writing

The centralized idea as to why Antonio Pigafetta wrote The First Voyage Around The

World is to put in document the succession of events that are pivotal in the founding of the said

Islands and the people inhabiting them which are the Filipinos. Also for him to take note of his

trip across the globe and to learn more about the world that they uncover as they journeyed further

away from their lands.

8. Exegesis

The First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigafetta, was written due to his driven

passion to discover the world in a more extensive manner. Laid out in this work of his is how he

viewed the world, an understanding from his own eyes of how and what the existing things beyond

their land boundaries were.

 His work, The First Voyage Around was hyper focused on his thoughts, ideas, and own

interpretations. Jotting down notes of the crucial succession of events that is possible to catch the

attention of the readers and to pique their interest as well whilst learning about the history and

main events (ex.: March 16, 1521 – Arrival at Island Zamal in the Philippines) that happened that

led to the current situation of the present times.

The context of how it was written describes mainly the different inhabitants they crossed

paths with alongside the different Islands they reached as they progress their journey to the Spice

Islands. It gave a very specific view on how our ancestors lived. This mainly includes their

traditions, beliefs, cultural setting, and attitude as well as their actions.

The journal also paved way in answering questions that had no contextual background to

it due to the lack of information surrounding certain events. He did so by conveying much detail

where it was possible for the reader to envision the scenario being portrayed in the text. The journal

is there to be remembered not just now, but for the future generations to come.

9. Eisegesis or World Before the Text

Significance in Society

It was for the journal that raised awareness of the different existing tribes and not

just confined to those they know of or their own personal tribes. They are able to discover
 what is quite the difference of from their own way of living and learn more about the

cultures of other groups.

Significance in a Personal Way

Recovering the history of our land wherein we have credible resources to do so is

highly important in a sense that we can, piece-by-piece, put together the past and reflect it to the

present time and to those historical pieces yet to be discovered for future references. Also giving

us context of what traditions, culture, and beliefs, our ancestors had that were passed down and

how they changed and affected our race.

Significance in Religion

As said earlier regarding Christianity being popularized in Antonio Pigafetta’s

Journal, they were the ones to influence us by the commencement of the first Holy Mass in the

Island of Mazuza. The concept of reaching out to the Saints which was mentioned early on. Led

to the concept of Christianity slowly spread and was adopted.

10. List of References

Anirudh. (2018, September 11). 10 Major Accomplishments of Ferdinand Magellan | Learnodo

Newtonic. Learnodo-Newtonic.com. https://learnodo-newtonic.com/ferdinand-magellan-

accomplishments

Blakemore, E. (2019, September 19). Magellan was first to sail around the world, right? Think
 again. Culture. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/magellan-first-sail-

around-world-think-again

Britannica. (n.d.). Exegesis | Definition, History, Criticisms, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/exegesis

Cartwright, M. (2021, June 16). Ferdinand Magellan. World History Encyclopedia.

https://www.worldhistory.org/Ferdinand_Magellan/#:~:text=Legacy

Centre, U. W. H. (2017, January 31). Route of Magellan. First around the World. UNESCO

World Heritage Centre.

https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6212/#:~:text=It%20opened%20doors%20in%20t

he

History.com Editors. (2018, September 20). Ferdinand Magellan. HISTORY; A&E Television

Networks. https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/ferdinand-magellan

HOMES, Q. (2022, February 23). Ferdinand Magellan Quotes That Tell A Lot About Traveling |

Quote Homes. Medium. https://medium.com/@seo676785/ferdinand-magellan-quotes-

that-tell-a-lot-about-traveling-quote-homes-52dd043f50ff

Library of Congress. (1998). History of Philippines. Www.nationsonline.org.

https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Philippines-

history.htm#:~:text=Spanish%20Control%3A%20Ferdinand%20Magellan%20was

Mitchell, M., & Contente, F. (2018). Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer. In Encyclopædia

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-Magellan

Ph. D., S., M. A., S., & B. A., S. (2005, March 31). Ferdinand Magellan Technically Didn’t

Travel Around the World. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-

ferdinand-magellan-2136334
PIGAFETTA, A. (1906). Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo, Etc. [Text, with Translation by J.A.

Robertson.]. In Google Books.

https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Primo_Viaggio_Intorno_Al_Mondo_Etc_Text.

html?id=ekrZMgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Pigafetta, A. (n.d.). Antonio Pigafetta Quotes. Picture Quotes. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from

http://www.picturequotes.com/antonio-pigafetta-quotes

Presse, A. F. (2019, August 5). 500 Years on, How Magellan’s Voyage Changed the World.

VOA. https://www.voanews.com/a/science-health_500-years-how-magellans-voyage-

changed-world/6173286.html

Regidor, A. (2021). University of the Philippines Diliman. Upd.edu.ph.

https://upd.edu.ph/limasawa-vs-butuan-the-first-easter-mass/#:~:text=(APR.

Yale University Library. (n.d.). Journal of Magellan’s Voyage - Yale University Library.

Collections.library.yale.edu. https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/2017752

Activity 1 of 3 For.

Amanda Briney. “Discover the Age of Exploration.” ThoughtCo, 23 Jan. 2020,

www.thoughtco.com/age-of-exploration-1435006.

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