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STS Question and Answer Module 1

1. During the Ancient Age, humans lived almost entirely in small nomadic communities. What were they depended on for survival? 2. With the widening mastery of the material world, what were the substances brought into service during the Ancient Age? 3. The use of fire was another basic technique mastered in the Old Stone Age. What were the discoveries with regards to “fire”?

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STS Question and Answer Module 1

1. During the Ancient Age, humans lived almost entirely in small nomadic communities. What were they depended on for survival? 2. With the widening mastery of the material world, what were the substances brought into service during the Ancient Age? 3. The use of fire was another basic technique mastered in the Old Stone Age. What were the discoveries with regards to “fire”?

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A. Question and Answer: Answer the following questions briefly but correctly.

Write your
answer/s on the space provided below each number.

1. During the Ancient Age, humans lived almost entirely in small nomadic communities. What
were they depended on for survival?They depend on their skills at gathering food, hunting and
fishing, and avoiding predators.

2. With the widening mastery of the material world, what were the substances brought into
service during the Ancient Age?Clay for pottery and brick, and increasing competence in
handling textile raw materials led to the creation of the first woven fabrics to take the place of
animal skins.

3. The use of fire was another basic technique mastered in the Old Stone Age. What were the
discoveries with regards to “fire”?The discovery that fire could be tamed and controlled and the
further discovery that a fire could be generated by persistent friction between two dry wooden
surfaces were momentous. Fire was the most important contribution of prehistory to power
technology, although little power was obtained directly from fire except as defense against wild
animals.

4. Manufacturing industry had its origin in the New Stone Age. What were the techniques applied
in the manufacturing industries?Manufacturing industry had its origin in the New Stone Age,
with the application of techniques for grinding corn, baking clay, spinning and weaving textiles,
and also, it seems likely, for dyeing, fermenting, and distilling.

5. Why were middle ages known as a backward period in history?The middle ages were known as a
backward period in history due to its apparent cultural decline.

6. What was one of the most important developments in the Middle Ages?One of the most
important developments in the Middle Ages was the experimentation and developments in iron
production.

7. What technology is referred to in the following during the Middle Ages?Agriculture, Warfare
and Transportation:

8. What were the warfare technologies invented during the Middle Ages?Warfare:

 Swords and armor


 Greek fire was invented by a Syrian. It was used to great extent in naval battles to immolate
enemy ships.
 The first stirrup was invented in the Far East in about the second century BC. However they
came to the west during the 700th century and were used in cavalry.
 Gunpowder was introduced.
 Primitive guns were invented.
 The cannon was invented and is the forerunner of today’s modern artillery.

9. What is Scientific Revolution all about?The Scientific Revolution was a period when new ideas in
physics, astronomy, biology, human anatomy, chemistry, and other sciences led to a rejection of
doctrines that had prevailed starting in Ancient Greece and continuing through the Middle Ages,
and laid the foundation of modern science. According to most accounts, the scientific revolution
began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance era and continued through the late 18th
century, the latter period known as The Enlightenment. It was sparked by the publication (1543)
of two works that changed the course of science: Nicolaus Copernicus's On the Revolutions of
the Heavenly Spheres and Andreas Vesalius's On the Fabric of the Human body.

10. The three phases of Scientific Revolution were: Renaissance, Wars of Religion, and Restoration.
What phase is referred to in the following?

a) It is a war caused by, or justified by, religious differences. It can involve one state with an
established religion against another state with a different religion or a different sect within
the same religion, or a religiously motivated group attempting to spread its faith by violence,
or to suppress another group because of its religious beliefs or practices. Wars of religion.

b) It is a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early
modern period. Its influence affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion,
and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance.

c) It is the actual event by which the monarchy was restored. Restoration.

11. Renaissance era is marked by profound technical advancements. What are these
advancements?Renaissance is marked by profound technical advancements such as the printing
press, linear perspective in drawing, patent law, double shell domes and bastion fortresses.

12. During the Modern Age, what were the three inventions that allowed people to communicate,
exercise power, and finally travel at distances unimaginable in earlier times?The printing press,
firearms, and the nautical compass

13. What were the important developments in the Restoration period?

●It marked the triumph of the new science


●It is the period of the formation of the first well-established scientific societies, the Royal Society of
London (1662) and the French Royal Academy (1662)
●It is the age of Boyle, Hooke, and Hugens
●Newton’s “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” was established

14. During the Enlightenment period, how did philosophers and scientists widely circulate their
ideas?Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at
scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books,
journals, and pamphlets.

15. The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of
knowledge and advanced ideals. What are these ideals?The Enlightenment included a range of
ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as
liberty, progress, toleration, constitutional government and separation of church and state.

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