READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

1.THE MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE

Cosmology is the scientific inquiry into what the universe is like. By making assumptions that are
not contradicted by the behaviour of the observable universe, scientists build models, or
theories, that attempt to describe the universe as a whole, including its origin and its future.
They use each model until something is found that contradicts it. Then the model must be
modified or discarded. Cosmologists usually assume that the universe, except for small
irregularities, has an identical appearance to all observers, identical to the laws of physics,
irrespective of where in the universe the observers are located. This unproven concept is called
the cosmological principle. One consequence of the cosmological principle is that the universe
cannot have an edge, for, otherwise, an observer near the edge would have a different view from
that of someone near the centre. Thus, space must be infinite and evenly filled with matter, or,
alternatively, the geometry of space must be such that all observers see themselves as at the
centre. Also, astronomers believe that the only motion that can occur, except for small
irregularities, is a uniform expansion or contraction of the universe.

1-Cosmological models of the universe ------ .

A) are based on unquestionable facts and are always extremely accurate

B) are changed whenever new information shows them to be wrong
C) show us exactly what the universe looks like from any perspective
D) often contradict each other and cause much debate among scientists
E) give us a clear and unchanging picture of the exact nature of the universe

2-One of the bases of cosmological principle is that ------ .

A) people who live near the edge of the universe see things in a very different way
B) the universe is essentially an irregular body held together by a few common laws
C) the Earth is at the centre of the universe, and thus, the most important thing
D) contradictions to models of the universe are in violation of the laws of physics
E) regardless of where a person may be, the universe looks much the same

3-Cosmologists believe that ------ .

A) the infinite nature of the universe can be explained with geometry

B) space is either endless or has some special geometric properties
C) the universe, as we know it, is continually shrinking
D) whatever the nature of the universe, our role in it doesn't really matter
E) it's difficult to define the universe as it's constantly getting larger

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

2.THE FIRST RENAISSANCE MAN

The term Renaissance man was coined to describe the genius of Leonardo da Vinci. He was a man
of so many accomplishments in so many areas of human endeavour that his like has rarely been
seen in human history. Casual patrons of the arts know him as the painter of 'La Gioconda', more
commonly called the 'Mona Lisa', and of the exquisite 'Last Supper', painted on the wall of the
dining hall in a monastery in Milan, Italy. These paintings alone would have assured him enduring
fame as an artist, but they should not obscure the fact that he was also a sculptor, an architect
and a man of science who did serious investigations into the natural and physical sciences,
mathematics, mechanics and engineering. More than 300 years before flying machines were
perfected, Leonardo had devised plans for prototypes of an aeroplane and a helicopter. His
extensive studies of human anatomy were portrayed in anatomical drawings, which were among
the most significant achievements of Renaissance science. His remarkable illustrations of the
human body elevated drawing into a means of scientific investigation and exposition, and
provided the basic principles for modern scientific illustration.

4-Da Vinci's achievements in the arts ------ .

A) made it unnecessary for him to work in science

B) prevented people from taking his medical ones seriously
C) demonstrate only one of his many and varied talents
D) helped him finance his revolutionary work in aeronautics
E) were of a higher quality than his work in the field of physics

5-In the field of aeronautics, da Vinci ------ .

A) was the first man to construct a working aeroplane or helicopter

B) built the first working models of machines used for human flight
C) developed a couple of flying machines, but they were far from perfect
D) designed flying machines centuries before anyone actually built them
E) used his artistic talents to make some of the most beautiful planes ever

6-Da Vinci's work on human anatomy ------ .

A) allowed for great advancement in the field of medicine

B) provided illustrations still used by doctors in the 20th century
C) were important because they were done during the Renaissance
D) came from his desire to paint people with greater accuracy
E) increased the importance of drawing in the scientific process

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

3.MONTAIGNE: FATHER OF THE ESSAY

Called the "father of the familiar essay", Michel de Montaigne, born in 1533, was one of the
world's greatest essayists. Although both the Greeks and Romans had written essays, Montaigne
resurrected the form, named it, and made it popular. His wisdom, curiosity and
straightforwardness has set an example for other famous essayists up to the present day. As a
young man, Montaigne held a series of government posts and spent much time at the French
royal court. In 1568 his father died, and as the eldest living son, Montaigne inherited the estate,
which enabled him to retire to the family chateau and begin to write. He published the first two
books of essays in 1580, and a third book in 1588. Montaigne, a sceptic, was not content to take
matters at face value. He asked questions and was curious about people and their motives. He
tried to find the reasons why men and women acted as they did. His keen interest in the world
around him led him to write on a wide variety of subjects. Montaigne's essays offer a
remarkably complete picture of his life and thoughts, and of the age in which he lived.

7-Though the Greeks and Romans had written essays, Montaigne ------ .

A) had the difficult job of translating all of them into French

B) was the last modern European to practise the art of doing so
C) is the person responsible for making them what they are today
D) wrote ones that were nearly as popular as the old Greek ones
E) merely copied what they had done and called it his own work

8-The passage implies that one reason that Montaigne was able to write so many essays
was that ------ .

A) he was rich enough to be able to pay people to write things for him
B) he was able to stop working at a young age, so he had a lot of free time
C) his employment history provided him with many opportunities to practise
D) he came from the royal family, which provided him with excellent education
E) his education included an extensive study of both Latin and Greek

9-Montaigne's essays are of particular value today ------ .

A) and collectors are willing to pay a lot of money for his hand-written books
B) as only three of his books are known to have survived to the present
C) since they provide accurate information concerning geography in the 1500s
D) because they give us a lot of information about life in the 16th century
E) even though most of them were written when Montaigne was an old retired man

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

4.WITHOUT A TRACE

When a catastrophe strikes a ship at sea and she goes to the bottom, there is usually some clue
to her fate — a bit of debris or perhaps a floating life jacket. Five years after her sinking, a life
jacket from the Lusitania was found, for example, floating along a wharf at Philadelphia —
thousands of miles from where the ship went down in 1915. But in the case of the British
freighter Waratah, and that of the US Navy collier Cyclops, no clues have ever been brought
forward. The 16,800-ton Waratah, only a year old, was last sighted off the coast of South
Africa in 1909. The ship had been described by some as top-heavy and may have flipped over in
heavy seas, with her vanished 211 persons. Equally mystifying is the disappearance of the
Cyclops, a 19,000-ton ship with 309 persons aboard, about seven months before the end of
World War I. She was last heard from in March 1918 while en route to Baltimore from the West
Indies. Since no logical explanation has ever been offered for her disappearance, the US Navy
file on the Cyclops has never been closed.

10-We learn from the passage that when a ship sinks ------ .

A) it often creates a small-scale environmental disaster

B) there are usually no signs of it until several years later
C) the passengers are sometimes not rescued for several years
D) there is generally some evidence about what happened to it
E) most of its contents float on the sea for many years

11-The Waratah and the Cyclops are interesting in that ------ .

A) despite being from different countries, they caused each other to disappear
B) nobody knows exactly what happened to them, though they were big ships
C) though the Waratah was a passenger ship, the Cyclops, which wasn't, lost more people
D) the people who know what happened to them are unwilling to tell anyone
E) they both disappeared at exactly the same place, though on different dates

12-Since what happened to the Cyclops is unknown ------ .

A) we must assume that it was sunk by an enemy vessel during the war
B) it's quite obvious that the crew weren't wearing their life jackets
C) the investigation about it has never been formally ended
D) it would be wrong to assume that the 211 men on board are dead
E) the best explanation would be that it was a poorly-designed ship

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

5.THE WANDERING MINSTREL

The tales told by minstrels during the Middle Ages are called romances. The nobles of Europe
lived in desolate castles then. There were few books to read, and travel was difficult. In such a
life, visitors were eagerly welcomed. Most welcome of all was the minstrel. The family would
gather around the fireplace of the great hall to hear the minstrel chant his thrilling tales.
Through the minstrels' songs ran the theme of chivalry. Chivalry taught knights to defend the
church, to make war against infidels, to be courteous and to keep their word. Around these
ideals, and around the stories of history and legend that exemplified them, the minstrel built his
ballads. They were called romances because the minstrels used one of the Romance languages.
The theme of all these early romances is a quest or search: The knight in the story may be
seeking the Holy Grail, a lost mistress or mother or father, forgiveness for a sin or adventure
for its own sake.

13-One of the reasons why minstrels were popular in the Middle Ages was that ------ .

A) the majority of the people were very romantic

B) very few people had the ability to read
C) the minstrels were generally of noble birth
D) people had little entertainment' in their lives
E) people preferred listening to music to reading books

14-We may infer from the passage that in the Middle Ages, knights were supposed to be -
----- .

A) honourable, honest and well-mannered

B) warlike, savage and barbaric
C) fluent in all the Romance languages
D) extremely hospitable to strangers
E) forgiving towards other people

15-We learn from the passage that the ballads which the minstrels sang ----.

A) were usually romantic love songs

B) were intended to teach people history
C) were about a hero with a mission
D) were based on real personalities
E) were written long before the Middle Ages

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

6.THE IRON AGE

In a sense, the Iron Age has never ended. The most useful of metals, either in its elemental
form or converted to alloys such as steel, iron is still used in products too numerous to count.
The ancients knew of iron early, but it posed a problem: when it hardened, it was very brittle and
would shatter easily. Then, sometime after 1400 BC, as a solution to this problem, the Hittites, a
people of Anatolia, devised a new method of smelting iron, in which carbon was added to the
molten metal. About 200 years later when the Hittite Empire came to an end, the knowledge of
iron smelting spread throughout the ancient Middle East. Because iron ore was far more
abundant than the ores of tin and copper, which were used to make bronze, iron tools and
weapons soon could be found all over the civilised world. The abundance of iron made it possible
to manufacture shields, helmets, and armour along with the standard weapons. The Iron Age
brought with it the age of the foot soldier, and the time of chariot warfare soon passed. The
era of infantry had begun.

16-The passage emphasises that iron ------ .

A) is more useful than all metals except steel

B) is most valuable in its elemental form
C) isn't used as much these days as it was
D) is one of the most expensive metals
E) can be used in a variety of forms

17-It's clear from the passage that the Hittites were the first ------ .

A) to solve the problem of iron breaking

B) to know about iron
C) to discover the element, carbon
D) to learn how to melt iron
E) to produce weapons made of iron

18-As more people learnt how to work with iron effectively, .......... .

A) the Hittite Empire was conquered in warfare

B) it was used to make protective military equipment
C) chariots started to be used in making war
D) bronze also started to be used extensively
E) there was, for a time, a shortage of iron ore

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

7.CREATIVE WRITING

The term creative writing means imaginative writing, or writing as an art. The primary concern of
creative writing is not with factual information, or with the more routine forms of
communication. It does, however, use many of the same skills. A novel, for example, may contain
much sociological, political or psychological information. Scholars may study it for that
Information, as Sigmund Freud studied literature for accounts of dreams and emotional states.
No true novel, however, is written to communicate facts. Like other forms of creative writing, it
attempts to produce in its reader the pleasure of an aesthetic experience. It tries to uncover
form and meaning in the turmoil of love, hate, violence, tedium, habit and brutal facts which
people deal with from day to day. The novelist and short-story writer John Cheever, when asked
why he wrote, said, "To try to make sense out of my life." Whether it takes the form of poem,
short story, novel, play, personal essay, or even biography or history, creative writing is certain
to involve some search for meaning, a measure of wonder and discovery, and a degree of personal
involvement in the result.

19-One can understand from the passage that creative writing ------ .

A) is the most common form of communication

B) contains little factually correct information
C) requires less skill than other forms of writing
D) may provide information useful in research
E) may be found in certain reference books

20-The author tells us that novels ------ .

A) try to hide the worst aspects of life

B) attempt to interpret life through art
C) can make people feel very depressed
D) are only read by artistically-minded people
E) let us experience the extraordinary things in life

21-One point that John Cheever's quote illustrates is that ------ .

A) creative writing can be very informative

B) he is not a terribly good creative writer
C) biography is generally better than fiction
D) it's difficult to find meaning in creative writing
E) creative writing involves the writer personally

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

8.MAGNIFICENT MALLS

According to the 'Guinness Book of World Records', the West Edmonton Mall. Canada, which
encloses 5.2 million square feet on a 46-hectare site, is by far the largest in the world. The Mall
of America, which opened in the early 1990s, the largest such center in the United States, is
twice the size of its predecessor, the Del Amo Fashion Center in Torrance, California. Designed
as a regional entertainment center, this mall, which is designed around a theme park, Knott's
Berry Camp Snoopy, is still a million square feet smaller than the West Edmonton Mall. The West
Edmonton Mall has more than 800 stores, including 11 department stores, and more than 100
restaurants and snack bars. Its other attractions include an 18-hole miniature golf course; an
indoor water park with beaches and a wave-making machine for surfing; a dolphin water show;
one of the world's longest water slides; submarines for underwater rides; a regulation-sized
hockey rink; a nightclub area fashioned after Bourbon Street in New Orleans; cinemas; Canada
Fantasyland, an amusement park with nearly 50 rides; a zoo; art exhibits; and a 360-room hotel.

22-The West Edmonton Mall ------ .

A) is nearly fifty percent larger than the Mall of America

B) is the world's largest entertainment and shopping center
C) is the largest commercial building in the world
D) is largely open land with some covered areas
E) is only half as big as the Del Amo Fashion Center

23-The Mall of America ------ .

A) is about half the size of the Del Amo Fashion Center

B) used to be an entertainment center rather than a shopping center
C) allows shoppers to combine shopping with entertainment
D) is smaller than Knott's Berry Camp Snoopy
E) is the third largest shopping center in the United States

24-Visitors to the West Edmonton Mall can ------ .

A) ride on 50 different types of animals

B) ride on by far the best water slide in the world
C) complete the last phase of their journey to the Mall by submarine
D) find accommodation for the night
E) go to the beach and sunbathe

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

9.THE BIRTH OF ROCK AND ROLL

A record producer who had been searching for a "white man with the Negro sound and the Negro
feel" began recording the Memphis-based country singer Elvis Presley. In 1956 the 21-year-old
Presley created a sensation with his rock 'n' roll-styled 'Heartbreak Hotel', the first of his 14
records in a row that sold more than a million copies each. Presley's success inspired other
country performers to sing rock and roll music in the late 1950s. The popularity of Presley also
helped to encourage the practice of "cover" recordings. That is, when new records by black
performers began to appear on the hit charts, white singers would record simplified versions of
the same songs. The recordings by the white performers received wider distribution and were
played on more radio stations than the original recordings. As rock and roll rapidly became the
most popular music of the late 1950s, record industry executives became aware that young
listeners made up the largest portion of this music's audience. Therefore they recruited young,
often adolescent, singers to record rock and roll and produced such songs as Young Love', '16
Candles', and Teen-Age Crush'.

25-As a result of Elvis Presley's success, ------ .

A) black musicians and singers became more popular

B) his first 14 records sold 1 million copies altogether
C) many country singers changed their style of music
D) country music acquired large numbers of new fans
E) many black performers began to copy his style

26-One can conclude from the passage that the success of the 'cover' recordings
mentioned in the passage demonstrates that ------ .

A) the original versions were less complex than the re-recorded versions
B) the newly recorded versions were better than the originals
C) Presley was so popular that even copies of his songs sold well
D) Americans in the 50s preferred black performers to white ones
E) the music industry in America in the 50s was quite racist

27-One significant result of the rise of rock and roll was that ------ .

A) the record industry became more youth-orientated

B) older versions of songs were adapted for a young audience
C) teenagers started to become record industry executives
D) older people started to enjoy music made by teenagers
E) more radio stations began to play original recordings

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

10.HOW TO LIVE TO BE 100

Since aging and life span are broadly determined by the genetic plan of a species, attention has
been directed to the possibilities of their modification by altering the environment. The
biologist Jacques Loeb showed early in the 20th century that the life span of the fruit fly was
halved by every ten-degree rise in temperature. This led to impractical speculations about
prolonging the human life span by experimenting with various degrees of cooling the body. Fairly
severe restriction of caloric intake in the laboratory rat can more than double its life span,
chiefly by prolonging the period of immaturity. Caloric restriction is so far the only factor shown
to have a major effect on aging and life span. Unfortunately, food restriction has less effect on
species other than rodents. It has not been shown that undernourished human populations live
longer, but vitamin deficiency, disease, and poor medical care found in such groups complicate
the analysis. In geriatric medicine, the hope is to eliminate the disease processes that prevent
human beings from living to the end of their natural life span.

28-The passage tells us that the average length of time an animal species lives------ .

A) cannot be determined until the individual has died

B) is more affected by environment than anything else
C) always changes when its environment is modified
D) can be planned by scientists who study genetics
E) depends primarily on its genes, but can be affected by other factors

29-Experiments have demonstrated that underfed rats live longer ------ .

A) but only if they live in very cold places most of the time
B) although they appear to develop emotional problems
C) only when their diet is devoid of carbohydrates and vitamins, but not proteins
D) and the same appears to hold true for people and other mammals
E) however, this doesn't necessarily seem to be true for humans

30-Geriatric medicine aims to lengthen human life by ------ .

A) getting rid of the diseases that shorten it

B) creating medicine especially for old people
C) encouraging people to live naturally
D) restricting the individual's food consumption
E) preventing the complications resulted from vitamin deficiency

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

11.FROM HOLY WATER TO COCA-COLA

According to the ancient mathematician Hero of Alexandria, Egyptian temples in about 215 BC
had devices from which one could get a squirt of holy water for a few small coins. Today's
vending machines, however, have their origins in coin-operated dispensers of tobacco and snuff
in 18th-century England, and later in the American colonies. These were called honour boxes,
because when a coin was inserted, the top opened, laying bare the supply. Customers were on
their honour to take their entitled amount and then close the lid so that the next person could
pay. The first practical vending machines appeared in the United States in 1888 — chewing gum
machines on elevated train platforms in New York City. The machines remained gum and penny-
candy vendors until the modern cigarette machine was introduced in 1926. Cigarette machines
were the first to return change. The first soft-drink machine appeared in 1937.

31-In ancient Alexandria, visitors to temples ------ .

A) didn't have to pay for the holy water they wanted

B) had a choice of buying either holy or ordinary water
C) weren't allowed to enter without paying a bit of money
D) could buy holy water without having to talk to anyone
E) were required to buy holy water before going into the temple

32-It's mentioned in the passage that the first automatic machines for selling tobacco ---
--- .

A) let people decide what a fair price should be

B) made it very easy for people to pay for the product
C) relied on the general honesty of the customers
D) had special devices to prevent theft
E) were only allowed to be used by honourable people

33-When the modern cigarette machines were first introduced, they were different from
other machines selling products in that ------ .

A) they were able to accept paper money and weren't limited to taking coins
B) the customer didn't have to have the exact amount of money to buy from them
C) customers could pay in money from other countries, not just the currency of that country
D) they were found in train stations and also sold chewing gum to people who wanted it
E) it was much easier to use them, as they were more practical than the ones selling gum

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

12.CHEMICAL WARFARE

The first significant use of chemical warfare occurred in January 1915, when the Germans
unleashed shells of tear gas against the Russians in a raid on the Polish city of Bolimov. The
attack had little effect, perhaps because of the severe winter cold. The use of chemical arms on
the western front was quite different. On April 22, 1915, the Germans used chlorine gas at the
start of the Second Battle of Ypres in Belgium. They attained complete surprise and scored a
minor tactical victory. During the rest of World War I, the Germans introduced a series of
different chemical agents, including choking gas and blistering gas. But the Allies were quick to
develop defenses against chemical warfare. By 1918, both sides were using poison gases on a
large scale. After the war, chemical and biological warfare was outlawed. Such agents were not
used in World War II. They made no significant appearance again until used by Iraq against Iran
in their war in the 1980s.

34-The passage suggests that the German's first use of chemical weapons in battle -----
- .

A) won them a significant victory by surprising the enemy

B) caused great suffering to the civilian population
C) might have been ineffective because of the weather
D) helped them to repel Russian invaders in Poland
E) helped their Russian allies take the city of Bolimov

35-The Germans developed many different chemical weapons during World War I, ------
.

A) but the Allies managed to find ways to fight against them

B) while the Allies saw the use of such weapons as wrong
C) although the weapons hurt the Germans more than their enemies
D) and continued developing the technology during World War II
E) but stopped using them after the Battle of Ypres in 1915

36-Once the First World War was over ------ .

A) Germany sold its surplus weapons to Iraq

B) chemical weapons were never used again in war
C) the Interest in chemical weapons died as well
D) a short-term ban was placed on chemical weapons
E) the use of chemical weapons was banned

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

13.BOUNCING BALLS AND BEATING HEARTS

Over 200 years ago, the British chemist Joseph Priestley received an intriguing bouncy ball from
an American friend. It was made of a material he had not seen before. Priestley noticed that it
'could rub away pencil marks, and so he named the material rubber. Not only has the name stuck,
but since then rubber has become so important to modern society that it is hard to imagine life
without it. The flexibility, elasticity and durability of natural and synthetic rubbers have made
them the choice materials for products that cushion shocks, soften blows, dampen vibrations,
transmit power, and perform in many other ways. Tyres, automotive components, electrical
insulation, conveyor belts, theatre seats, building materials, footwear, elastic bands, tennis balls,
surgical gloves, artificial hearts and refrigerator linings — these are only a sampling of the huge
and growing list of products that are completely or partly made of rubber.

37-Priestly called the new material rubber ------ .

A) as was instructed by his American friend.

B) because it was soft and could easily be rubbed
C) since he had shaped the ball by rubbing it on a hard surface
D) having been inspired by one of its functions
E) as it could rub surfaces without wearing them out

38-If rubber had not been discovered, ------ .

A) people would have to use synthetic substitutes instead

B) there would not be any shoes, chairs or gloves
C) in general, people would be even less imaginative
D) life today would be considerably different from what it is
E) there's a good chance that human life would have ended

39-The passage makes it clear that at present, there are many types of products made
from rubber, ------ .

A) though it seems that many are being replaced by plastics

B) and it seems quite likely that there will be more in the future
C) despite the fact that the material tends to wear out quickly
D) but people tend to stay away from the material and use natural substitutes instead
E) yet they are only available in technologically advanced countries

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

14.HENRY FORD: HUMANITARIAN or BUSINESSMAN?

Other American industrialists and factory managers were stunned when automobile
manufacturer Henry Ford announced in 1914 that he would pay his assembly line workers five
dollars a day 'and reduce the working day from nine to eight hours. The average daily wage in
American industry at the time was $2.34. He became world famous almost overnight. Opponents
derided Ford as a socialist, while supporters called him a great humanitarian. Actually, Ford had
simply come to understand that mass production required a society composed of many
consumers, not just a few wealthy people amid a multitude of poor. He was making cars for the
middle class and knew that sales depended on the existence of a middle class able to afford
them, preferably including his own workers. This notion went against the grain of most American
businessmen, who believed that low wages, coupled with the highest possible prices, were
necessary to make a profit.

40-We can infer from the passage that Henry Ford revolutionised American industry by --
---- .

A) producing automobiles everyone could afford

B) preaching socialist values to his own employees
C) setting new standards in wages and working hours
D) making people work in factories from 8 to 9 hours each day
E) supporting consumers although he himself was a manufacturer

41-The principal motivation behind Ford's pay scheme was ------ .

A) to attract skillful workers from other companies

B) to make other wealthy business owners help the poor
C) to redistribute wealth by giving more money to the poor
D) to eliminate the need for charitable organisations
E) to create a larger market for mass produced goods

42-The passage gives us the information that before Henry Ford, American businessmen --
---- .

A) depended heavily on the middle class both as employees and as customers

B) refused to pay workers more than $2.34 for each nine-hour shift of work
C) were well known for their generosity and concern for poor people
D) believed in making profit margins high by keeping wages low
E) didn't devote much effort to the concept of producing high quality goods

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

15.SCIENCE OR FICTION?

Science fiction — usually thought of as a 20th-century literary form — actually made its first
appearance in the 2nd century AD. Most educated people of that period believed that the moon
was a solid body. Plutarch, in his 'On the Face That Appears in the Moon', summed up the
advanced views of his time. He held that the moon was a smaller Earth. The idea of flight to the
moon was devised in two stories written as early as AD 160 by Lucian of Samosata, a Greek. In
Lucian's True History', the hero is blown to the moon during a storm. The hero of Lucian's
'Icaro-Menippus' uses the wings of large birds. During the Middle Ages, no more stories of
space travel were written. Late in the Renaissance, however, as scientific interest was revived,
people also became more interested in space. In the 17th century, the invention of the telescope
and the work of Johannes Kepler in Germany and Isaac Newton in England yielded knowledge of
the solar system, when Kepler precisely described the orbits of the planets and Newton
described mathematically the laws of gravitation and motion.

43-The majority of educated people in Plutarch's time believed that------ .

A) there were creatures living on the moon different from human beings
B) the moon had god-like significance for human beings on the Earth
C) civilisation on the moon was more advanced than on the Earth
D) the moon resembled the Earth but in reduced form
E) people would probably soon be able to fly to the moon

44-In Lucian of Samosata's book, True History, ------ .

A) we see one of the early examples of a work of science fiction

B) the central character in the novel came from the moon
C) he explained how it would be possible for man to travel to the moon
D) the author claimed that man had already flown to the moon
E) the moon is blown down to the Earth during the course of a storm

45-In the latter part of the Renaissance, ------ .

A) Johannes Kepler was among those working in the field of science fiction
B) there were fewer works of science fiction written than there had been earlier
C) the renewed interest in science brought a renewed interest in science fiction
D) people took more interest in science, but not in science-fiction
E) a lot of important scientific knowledge came from science fiction writers

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

16.ARE THEY EVIL?

During the Middle Ages in Europe, the cat became an object of superstitions and was associated
with evil. The animal was believed to have powers of black magic — an assistant to witches and
perhaps the embodiment of the devil. People who kept cats were suspected of wickedness and
were often put to death along with their cats. Cats were hunted, tortured, and sacrificed. Live
cats were sealed inside the walls of houses and other buildings as they were being constructed,
in the belief that this would bring good luck. As the cat population dwindled, the disease-
carrying rat population increased, a factor that contributed greatly to the spread of epidemics
throughout Europe. By the 17th century, the cat had begun to regain its former place as a
companion to people and a controller of rodents. Many of the superstitions that appeared during
the period of cat persecution, however, are still evident today in the form of such sayings as "A
black cat crossing your path brings bad luck."

46-During the Middle Ages, cat-owners were in danger of being ------ .

A) thought to be evil people

B) forced to kill their pets
C) perceived as very superstitious
D) considered to be the devil himself
E) used in the construction of buildings

47-It's obvious from the passage that the widespread epidemics in Europe in the Middle
Ages ------ .

A) was believed to be the result of bad luck

B) helped to control the amount of rodents
C) caused the cat population to decline dramatically
D) were believed to be the work of witches
E) were connected to the diminishing numbers of cats

48-It is clear from the passage that during the 17th century ------ .

A) people no longer had any superstitions

B) cats were no longer considered to be rodents
C) the persecution of cats rose to its height
D) disease had wiped out most of Europe's cats
E) the cats' luck began to change for the better

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

17.AUSTRALIA'S ORIGINAL STORYTELLERS

Before European settlers arrived in Australia late in the 18th century, the sole human
inhabitants of the continent were the Aborigines. These people had no written language. Their
songs, myths, legends and stories were part of an oral tradition which was handed down over
centuries. Much of this tradition served to explain the origin of the land and of the people in the
dreamtime, or the dreaming, a mythological period in which the natural world, its laws, and the
human race were created. The land itself was the focal point of Aboriginal narratives, because it
was the source of the people's livelihood. The stories also told of journeys across the land, of
specific events connected with special places. The stories traced the origins of each tribe back
to a revered ancestor. Not until well after Australia had become an extension of European
civilisation were some of the Aboriginal stories collected and translated. One collection was
published in 1896 by Catherine Langloh Parker under the title 'Australian Legendary Tales'. In
1952, Alan Marshall published 'People of the Dreamtime'. By the 1960s, Aboriginal writers were
publishing their own works in English.

49-The Aboriginal oral tradition ------ .

A) taught the people how to farm and raise produce on the land
B) began to be collected and translated in the 18th century
C) mainly contained stories about their land in mythological period
D) is the only source of information about the Aborigines' past
E) was, for a long time, the only source of the people's income

50-The stories themselves ------ .

A) were centred on Australia's life-giving soil

B) show that all Aborigines descend from a single tribe
C) were based on the dreams of certain Aborigines
D) contained all the laws of the various Aboriginal tribes
E) were traditionally told during long transcontinental trips

51-The passage tells us that it was quite some time after European settlers arrived
Australia that ------ .

A) the Aborigines learnt to write in English

B) Aboriginal stories were written down and published
C) Australian Aborigines mingled with Europeans
D) some Europeans developed friendly relationships with the Aborigines
E) the Aborigines developed a written language

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

18.WHY LEAVE?

If people are satisfied where they are, they will not migrate. Throughout history, people have
left their native lands for a variety of reasons: religious or racial persecution, lack of political
freedom, economic deprivation. The forces that attracted them to new homelands were the
opposites of these: religious and political freedom, ethnic toleration, economic opportunity. The
leading motive behind migration has always been economic. Overpopulation creates shortages of
jobs and food. The natural resources of a region can become exhausted, impelling a whole group
of people to migrate. People who are oppressed for any reason will in all likelihood be
economically deprived as well: The movement from farm to city is a prime example of migration
for economic reasons. During the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, millions
of people left poverty-stricken rural areas for the cities. Even the low-paying, seven-day-a-week
jobs in early factories were better than the endless toil and misery of trying to earn a living on
the farm. This search for jobs in urban areas has continued to be a leading cause of migration up
to the present.

52-According to the author, all of those who migrate ------ .

A) try to escape from overpopulation in the area

B) are under some form of state persecution
C) are members of an ethnic group who seek political freedom
D) are attracted by the wealth of their new homeland
E) have some sort of dissatisfaction with their native land

53-The main reason that most migrants leave their homelands is that ------ .

A) they want to practise their religion freely

B) their political ideas conflict with their own state's
C) they are driven by the hostile climate of the region
D) they think they can make more money elsewhere
E) they have become tired from working too hard

54-Country people who moved to the city during the Industrial Revolution ------ .

A) generally found satisfactory jobs within a week

B) usually regretted the rural lives they had left behind
C) preferred the most miserable jobs to the struggle of rural life
D) often returned to the farms where they could at least survive
E) often spent a long time looking for work without success

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

19.WHAT ARE YOU LAUGHING AT?

The Roman writer Seneca once commented: "All things are cause either for laughter or weeping."
The 18th-century French dramatist Pierre-Augustin Beaumarchais echoed Seneca's words by
stating: ''I hasten to laugh at everything, for fear of being obliged to weep." Both Seneca and
Beaumarchais understood that laughing and crying are closely-related emotional responses to
some kind of outside stimulation. They knew that in life, as in drama, comedy and tragedy are
never far apart. Both laughing and crying serve to release tension. Laughter, like weeping, is a
reflex action rooted in the central nervous system and its related hormones. It is expressed in
the contraction of certain facial 'muscles and in altered breathing patterns. The stimulation
that brings forth laughter is called humour. To define laughter and humour in this way, however,
is to leave unanswered two questions. Why do people laugh, and what is funny, or humorous? The
questions are difficult to answer because emotions and the reasons for them are not easily
analysed.

55-Seneca and Beaumarchais would have agreed that ------ .

A) there is nothing in life that cannot be seen as funny in some way

B) it is necessary to cry if something isn't at all humorous
C) the best way to deal with unpleasant events is to laugh at them
D) everything in life could be seen as either humorous or tragic
E) you should be careful whether a particular situation requires you to laugh or to cry

56-Laughing and crying are similar in that ------ .

A) each action provides the body with stimulation

B) they both leave people somewhat relaxed
C) they are both the result of excessive hormones
D) many people cannot distinguish the difference
E) they are produced by the same stimulations

57-It is difficult to define humour and identify the causes of laughter because ------ .

A) people find it difficult to look at comedy seriously

B) most people are much more concerned with tragedy
C) people get nervous when being studied and can't laugh
D) the physical responses to humour are already known
E) there's no easy way to study emotions scientifically

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

20.THE DEVELOPMENT OF COACH TRAVEL

Before asphalt, most roads were little more than dirt lanes, winding and narrow. As a coach
swerved about, it would tip perilously, and passengers were obliged to throw their weight from
one side to the other to help keep the coach on its wheels. When the vehicle became mired in
mud, the passengers got out and pushed. Asphalt was built not from soil but from layers of stone
topped with gravel. Steep grades were kept to a minimum and the road was ditched to drain off
water. With the relative comfort and safety provided by the asphalt, the demand for carriages
rose to unprecedented levels. In the United States, the Concord coach carried mail and
passengers and became the favourite for fast travel on post roads. Unlike earlier coaches, it had
a level roof on which luggage could be stored. Later came the Sociable, an improved coach with
rear entrance, steps, handrail, and an unusual arrangement in which two rows of seats faced each
other across an aisle.

58-It can be inferred from the passage that early transport by coach was ------ .

A) quicker than by other means, but also dirtier

B) unpleasant because the seats weren't wide
C) somewhat dangerous and not very comfortable
D) slow due to the huge amount of luggage of the passengers
E) unsafe because of the unexpected attacks from highway bandits

59-When roads were first made with asphalt, ------ .

A) more people than ever chose to travel by coach

B) few people could afford to pay the fare for journeys
C) coaches sometimes ended up in roadside ditches
D) not many coaches were able to get up the hills
E) coach drivers refused to travel up steep hills

60-It's clear from the passage that on a Sociable coach, ------ .

A) there were seats on the top of the carriage

B) passengers weren't allowed to sit on the rear seats
C) there was a restriction on the amount of the luggage a passenger could take
D) passengers were seated facing each other
E) only the very rich could travel

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READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

READING PASSAGES / TEST 7 (60 ADET SORU)

CEVAP ANAHTARI www.yesdil.com

1. B 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. E 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D

11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. E 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. B

21. E 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. E 27. A 28. E 29. E 30. A

31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. E 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. C

41. E 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. E 48. E 49. C 50. A

51. B 52. E 53. D 54. C 55. D 56. B 57. E 58. C 59. A 60. D

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