Sargodha WSS RDP (13-04-2022)

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
SARGODHA
Water Supply & Sanitation Sector
Water Supply & Sanitation Sector
Sargodha Regional Development Plan
Team:
Authors:
Omer Ahmed (Program Manager – Civil)
Ammarah Siddiqui (Program Manager – WSS)
Farhan Riaz (Program Manager – Mechanical) Ali Fahad (RA-Civil)
Usman Abdullah (Program Manager – Irrigation)
Talha Rashid (Program Manager – Electrical)
Ms. Zunera Akhtar (Program Manager – WSS)
Ms. Amber Aleem (Senior Program Officer – Environment)
Ms. Kulsoom Irshad (Program Officer – Environment)
Ms. Ayesha (Program Officer – Legal)
Ms. Arsh Noor (Intern – Environment)
Maps prepared by:

Ms. Rukhsar Shahzadi (Program Officer – GIS)
Rough Cost Estimations by:

Mr. Mobeen Ahmed (Quantity Surveyor)
Mr. Hammad Ullah (Program Officer – AutoCAD Operator)
Conceptual Drawings by:

Mr. Moiz (Program Officer – Architect)
Mr. Hamid (Program Officer – AutoCAD Operator)
Reviewed and finalized by:

Mr. Muhammad Omer Masud (Chief Executive Officer – Urban Unit)
Engr. Abid Hussainy (General Manager – Environment and Social Safeguards)
Suggested Citation:
The Urban unit. 2022. Water & Sanitation Sector: Sargodha Regional Development Plan.
01 Overview ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Topography ................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Geography and Climate .............................................................................................................. 1
1.3. Districts Profile & Demography .................................................................................................. 1
1.4. Water Supply & Sanitation at a Glance ...................................................................................... 3
1.4.1. WASH Index in Sargodha Division ......................................................................................... 3
1.5. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.1. Desk Study............................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2. Meeting with Stakeholders ................................................................................................... 5
1.5.3. On-ground Survey ................................................................................................................. 6
1.5.4. Community Consultations ..................................................................................................... 7
1.5.5. Identification of Gaps ............................................................................................................ 7
1.5.6. Spatial Data Sets Assessments .............................................................................................. 7
1.5.7. Planning & Design Exercise ................................................................................................... 7
1.5.8. Sustainable Interventions with Costing ................................................................................ 7
1.6. Perception Survey ....................................................................................................................... 8
02 Water Supply & Sanitation – Sargodha ......................................................... 10

A. Water supply of Sargodha ........................................................................................................ 10
2.1. Existing Water Supply Infrastructure........................................................................................ 10
2.1.1. Tube Wells........................................................................................................................... 12
2.1.2. Overhead Reservoir (OHR) .................................................................................................. 13
2.1.3. Water Works ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.4. Filtration Plants ................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.5. Water Supply Pipelines: ...................................................................................................... 15
2.2. Planning & Design criteria ........................................................................................................ 16
2.3. Proposed Interventions ............................................................................................................ 18
2.3.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 18
2.3.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 18
2.3.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 19
B. Sewerage System Sargodha ...................................................................................................... 22
2.4. Existing Sewerage Infrastructure .............................................................................................. 22
CONTENT
2.4.1. Disposal Stations ................................................................................................................. 23
2.4.2. Sewerage Network .............................................................................................................. 24
2.4.3. Wastewater Treatment Plants ............................................................................................ 24
2.5. Planning & Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 24
2.6.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 26
2.6.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 26
2.6.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 26
03 Water Supply & Sanitation – Khushab .......................................................... 29

A. Water Supply – Khushab........................................................................................................... 29
3.1.1. Tube Wells........................................................................................................................... 31
3.1.2. Water Works ....................................................................................................................... 32
3.1.3. Ground Storage Tanks (GST) ............................................................................................... 33
3.1.5. Water Supply Pipelines ....................................................................................................... 34
3.3. Proposed Interventions in Khushab ......................................................................................... 38
3.3.1. Short - Term Plan ................................................................................................................ 38
3.3.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 38
3.3.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 39
B. Sewerage System – Khushab .................................................................................................... 41
3.4.1. Condition Assessment of Assets ......................................................................................... 42
3.6.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 45
3.6.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 46
3.6.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 46
CONTENT
04 Water Supply & Sanitation – Mianwali ......................................................... 49
A. Water Supply – Mianwali.......................................................................................................... 49
4.1.2. Tube Wells........................................................................................................................... 50
4.3. Proposed Interventions in Mianwali ........................................................................................ 57
4.3.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 57
4.3.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 57
4.3.3. Long - Term Plan ................................................................................................................. 58
B. Sewerage System Mianwali ...................................................................................................... 60
4.6.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 65
4.6.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 65
4.6.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 65
4.6.4. Urban Sewerage Scheme for Mianwali City........................................................................ 65
05 Water Supply & Sanitation – Bhakkar........................................................... 67

A. Water Supply – Bhakkar ........................................................................................................... 67
5.1.2. Tube Wells........................................................................................................................... 69
CONTENT
5.3. Proposed Interventions in Bhakkar .......................................................................................... 75
5.3.1. Short Term Plan .................................................................................................................. 75
5.3.2. Medium Term Plan.............................................................................................................. 75
5.3.3. Long Term Plan ................................................................................................................... 76
B. Sewerage System Bhakkar .............................................................................................................. 80
5.4.4. Water Ponds and Old River Creek ....................................................................................... 82
5.6.1. Urban Sewerage Scheme for Bhakkar City ......................................................................... 86
06 Rural WSS – Sargodha Division ..................................................................... 88

6. .................................................................................................................................................. 89
6.1. Baseline Assessment of WSS System ........................................................................................ 89
6.1.1. Water Supply Infrastructure ............................................................................................... 91
6.1.2. Water Quality ...................................................................................................................... 93
6.1.3. Sewerage System ................................................................................................................ 94
6.2. Rural WSS Interventions ........................................................................................................... 96
6.2.1. Short - Term ........................................................................................................................ 97
6.2.2. Medium - Term ................................................................................................................... 97
6.2.3. Long - Term ......................................................................................................................... 97
CONTENT
Sr. No. Figures Pp No.
1. Figure 1: Annual Temperature & Precipitation Trends of Sargodha District 01
2. Figure 2: District wise WASH Index 04
3. Figure 3: Overall WASH Index Comparison 04
4. Figure 4: Methodology for Development of Plan 05
5. Figure 5: Example of Condition of WSS Infrastructure- very Poor 06
6. Figure 6: Result of Perception Survey 08
7. Figure 7: Results of Willingness to Par Survey 08
8. Figure 8: Consultation conducted with local community 09
9. Figure 9: Bar Chart depicting Water Supply Infrastructure of Sargodha City 11
10. Figure 10: Tube well inside Main Water Works Sargodha 12
11. Figure 11: Inside view of an abandoned Tube wells along Lower Jhelum Canal 12
12. Figure 12: Damaged lining of pond and Damaged GST at Main Water Works 13
Sargodha
13. Figure 13: Damaged civil structure and Sand Filter bed at Main Water Works 13
Sargodha
14. Figure 14: Ground Storage Tanks at Gill wala and Satellite Town Water 14
Works
15. Figure 15: Electro-Mechanical components of Water Works Satellite Town 14
16. Figure 16: Filtration Plant at Katcheri Road, Sargodha 15
17. Figure 17: Baseline Water Supply System in Sargodha City 15
18. Figure 18: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Sargodha City 23
19. Figure 19: Houses just beside Ghani Park Disposal 23
20. Figure 20: Overflowing waste water from Ghani Park Disposal 23
21. Figure 21: Well and Roof Girders of Jinnah Colony Main Disposal 24
22. Figure 22: Proposed Spatial Sewerage Interventions for Sargodha City 28
23. Figure 23: Bar Chart dipicting Urban Infrastructure pf Khushab District 30
24. Figure 24: Bulged floor of a tube well in Kacha Shahpur 31
25. Figure 25: Water Pond and GST at Water Works (Scheme No 2) in Khushab 32
FIGURES
26. Figure 26: Slow Sand Filter at Water Works Khushab in deteriorating 32
condition
27. Figure 27: Water Ponding beside Rehmatwala GST 33
28. Figure 28: Rehmatwala GST Khushab 33
29. Figure 29: Filtration plant beside PHED office Khushab 33
30. Figure 30: Pie Chart showing water supply pipelines coverage of Khushab 34
31. Figure 31: Baseline Water Supply System in Khushab City 34
32. Figure 32: Estimated Water Demand in Khushab City 36
33. Figure 33: Average and Maximum Day Demand 36
34. Figure 34: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Khushab City 41
35. Figure 35: Disposal Station Satellite Town Khushab 43
36. Figure 36: Condition of Sludge Carrier of Disposal Station Khushab 43
37. Figure 37: Total Sewerage Flow 45
38. Figure 38: Proposed Spatial Sewerage Interventions for Khushab City 48
39. Figure 39: Bar Chart depicting Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in 50
Mianwali City
40. Figure 40: Tube wells in Mianwali City 51
41. Figure 41: Civil structure and electrical components of tube wells in Mianwali 51
City
42. Figure 42: Overhead Reservoirs across Mianwali City 52
43. Figure 43: Filtration Plant in Mianwali City 52
44. Figure 44: Pie chart depicting Wayer Supply Pipelines coverage in Mianwali 53
city
45. Figure 45: Baseline Water Supply System in Mianwali City 53
46. Figure 46: Estimated Water Demand for Mianwali City 55
47. Figure 47: Average and maximum day demand in Mianwali City 55
48. Figure 48: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Mianwali City 60
49. Figure 49: Baseline Sewerage map of Mianwali City 63
50. Figure 50: Estimated Sewage Flow of Mianwali City 64
51. Figure 51: Proposed spatial Sewerage Interventions for Mianwali City 66
52. Figure 52: Tube wells at different location in Bhakkar City 69
53. Figure 53: Overhead Reservoirs at different locations in Bhakkar City 70
FIGURES
54. Figure 54: Baseline Water Supply System in Bhakkar City 71
55. Figure 55: Estimated Population for Bhakkar City 73
56. Figure 56: Estimated Water Demand for Bhakkar City 73
57. Figure 57: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Bhakkar City 79
58. Figure 58: Disposal Station in MC Bhakkar 82
59. Figure 59: Waste Water being carried to fields 82
60. Figure 60: Inside Wet Well of Disposal Station Mandi Town 82
61. Figure 61: Outside Wet Well of Disposal Station 82
62. Figure 62: Water Ponding in Bhakkar City 83
63. Figure 63: Waste being dumped along Old River Creek, Bhakkar City 83
64. Figure 64: Population of Bhakkar District 84
65. Figure 65: Total Sewage Flow of Bhakkar District 84
66. Figure 66: Estimated Sewage Flow of Bhakkar City 85
67. Figure 67: RCC Sewer pipes being casted for PHED Sewerage Scheme 86
68. Figure 68: Proposed spatial Sewerage Interventions for Bhakkar City 87
69. Figure 69: Districts of Sargodha with Rural Population 89
70. Figure 70: Rural Water and Sanitation Index in Sargodha Division 90
71. Figure 71: Consultation of Urban Unit Team with Rural Community of 91
Sargodha Division
72. Figure 72: Rural Water Schemes in Sargodha Division 92
73. Figure 73: Shoot of Rural Water Quality Situation 94
74. Figure 74: Sewerage Coverage in Rural Areas of Sargodha Division 95
75. Figure 75: Proposed Rural WSS Interventions 96
76. Figure 76: Proposed Rural Water Supply Interventions 99
77. Figure 77: Proposed Rural Sewerage Interventions 99
FIGURES
Sr. No. Tables Pp No.
1. Table 1: Demographic Demographic Information of Sargodha Division 02

2. Table 2: Grading Chart for Asset Condition Assessment 06
3. Table 3: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Sargodha City 11
4. Table 4: Estimated Water Demands for Sargodha City 16
5. Table 5: WS Short - Term Interventions in Sargodha City 18
6. Table 6: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Sargodha City 19
7. Table 7: WS Long - Term Interventions for Sargodha City 19
8. Table 8: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Sargodha City 20
9. Table 9: Sewerage Infrastructure in Sargodha City 22
10. Table 10: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Sargodha 23
11. Table 11: Estimated Sewage Flow of Sargodha City 25
12. Table 12: Sewerage Short - Term Interventions in Sargodha City 26
13. Table 13: Sewerage Long - Term Interventions for Sargodha City 27
14. Table 14: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Sargodha City 27
15. Table 15: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Khushab City 30
16. Table 16: Asset Rating in Khushab City 31
17. Table 17: Estimated Water Demands for Khushab City 35
18. Table 18: WS Short - Term Interventions in Khushab City 38
19. Table 19: WS Medium-Term Interventions in Khushab City 39
20. Table 20: WS Long Term Interventions for Khushab City 39
21. Table 21: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Khushab City 40
22. Table 22: Urban Sewerage infrastructure in Khushab 42
23. Table 23: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Khushab 42
24. Table 24: Estimated Sewage Flow of Khushab City 44
25. Table 25: Sewerage Short - Term Interventions in Khushab City 45
26. Table 26: Sewerage Medium - Term Interventions in Khushab City 46
27. Table 27: Sewerage Long - Term Interventions for Khushab City 46
28. Table 28: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Khushab City 47
29. Table 29: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Mianwali City 49
30. Table 30: Asset Rating in Mianwali City 50
TABLES
31. Table 31: Estimated Water Demands for Mianwali City 54
32. Table 32: WS Short - Term Interventions in Mianwali City 57
33. Table 33: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Mianwali City 58
34. Table 34: WS Long Term Interventions for Mianwali City 58
35. Table 35: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Mianwali City 59
36. Table 36: Urban Sewerage infrastructure in Mianwali City 61
37. Table 37: Asset Condition Assessment Criteria 61
38. Table 38: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Mianwali 62
39. Table 39: Estimated Sewage Flow of Mianwali City 63
40. Table 40: Sewerage Medium Term Interventions in Mianwali City 65
41. Table 41: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Mianwali City 65
42. Table 42: Urban Sewerage Scheme for Mianwali City by PHED 66
43. Table 43: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Bhakkar City 68
44. Table 44: Condition Rating of Assets 68
45. Table 45: Asset Rating in Bhakkar City 69
46. Table 46: Estimated Water Demands for Bhakkar City 72
47. Table 47: WS Short - Term Interventions in Bhakkar City 75
48. Table 48: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Bhakkar City 76
49. Table 49: WS Long Term Interventions for Bhakkar City 77
50. Table 50: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Bhakkar City 77
51. Table 51: Urban Sewerage Infrastructure in Bhakkar City 80
52. Table 52: Asset Condition Assessment Criteria 81
53. Table 53: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Bhakkar 81
54. Table 54: Estimated Sewage Flow of Bhkkar City 83
55. Table 55: Urban Sewerage Scheme for Bhakkar City by PHED 86
56. Table 56: Summary of Rural Water Schemes 92
57. Table 57: Overview of Sewerage Situation in Rural Sargodha 95
58. Table 58: Phase wise proposed WSS Interventions 98
59. Table 59: Scope of Short Term WSS Interventions 100
60. Table 60: Rural WSS Projects 101
61. Table 61: Summary of Cost of Rural WSS Projects 103
TABLES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The adequate provision of water and sanitation services (WSS) continued to be essential requirement for
protecting public health and maintaining basic living conditions. Sargodha Region is no exception,
however, as per data collected and analysis carried out by Urban Unit, the public sector investment and
delivery model in cities and rural is inadequately planned and financed in the past, making the condition
of assets for delivery of services inadequate and institutions weak and fragmented. In simple words, large
population of Sargodha region continue to lack access to clean drinking water and the basic sanitary
conditions required for a healthy life.
Although there is no shortage of Technological solution to these problems and if finances are in placed as
a targeted and planned interventions, the quality of services can be improved. Quality of services is
neither the result of physical – natural constrains such as water scarcity, or finances, the WSS existing
crises is ignorance of needs & inadequately response to WSS requirement is due to a “crisis of governance
in institutional sitting “. These needs of service delivery and governance is responded through two prone
approaches in SRDP, i) investment where is needed as per technical solutions ii) through a well-
coordinated institutional arrangement such as ringed fenced water and sanitation utility or entity for city
or at regional scale. The institution purpose is to design, planned, operate and manage WSS services and
well capacitated for responding to need of the sector with accountability.
The satisfaction level of community for water services varies from 50 to 80% whereas sewerage is 20 to
60%. The Area of Khushab and Bhakar are most neglected areas in the development planning and
financing. The willingness to pay despite low income is high with range of Rs 300 to Rs 50 in the Region,
demonstrating important of services to communities. The majority of tube well are not functional i.e more
than 70%, which is reflection of role of local authorities responsible for Water and Sanitation, which
requiring attention to better created inter-linkages between public policy and management. Similarly,
sewerage has same issues, highlighting poor quality of assets and services.
Water quality is reflected in 83% area is contamination due to microbial contamination & excessive
Chloride, Nitrate, Hardness, Iron, and TDS. Presence of high brackish water due to major contribution
from Sodium and Chloride ions, thus making public service delivery important. Infant mortality rate of
66% is reported in rural areas of Punjab as per MICS 2018-19 published report. There is presence of 9-
40% TDS Pollution in water of Sargodha Division with minimum contamination of 9% in Bhakkar and
maximum in Sargodha district. Sargodha and Khushab are classified as highly brackish zones while
Mianwali water possesses medium contamination and Bhakkar is categorized as sweet water zone.
Arsenic contamination is prevalent in some areas of Sargodha and Mianwali districts.
The aspect of disparities and inequities in services are always found among districts as highlighted in one
of the published WASH Scorecard reports of UNICEF in 2019. Khushab is categorized in to lowest rank of
35 and 25 among all districts of Punjab with respect to rural water and sanitation index, which highlights
the need of immediate planning and respective interventions in the district
The regional plan has advanced an integrated approach for cities and rural area based on detail and rapid
assessment and thus a model of regional plan which is dynamic and well-structured and respond to short,
medium- and long-term investment needs of sector. Projects worth over 30 billion have been identified
for 10 years in these four districts of Sargodha division. The Regional Plan has proposed Total Urban WSS
Project: 30, with Grant Total: 12,483 million OR 12.4 billion and Rural Water schemes of Grand Total:
17,421 million with adequate solarization component.
The quality of asset and service delivery has demonstrated that the existing institutional design of PHED
designing and constructing the assets and Local Government operating the asset with inadequate
financing and human resources is not a proper techno-organizational fit for WSS. Establishment of city
specific and Regional WASA under Punjab Development of Cities Act 1976 as a public sector driven model
is advanced as an institutional design in this regional plan. In the rural area the community model with no
finances and regulation has impacted the provision of water supply, thus needs a public management
model to address deprivation is needed lead by PHED. There is evidence internationally and regionally
that current drive to integrated the responsibilities for drinking water and sewerage to bring better
manage the water cycle is leading in practice, to the transfer of these responsibilities to the newly created
supra-local organizations i.e., WASAs and PHED in Rural Area is workable solution and hence proposed.
BACKGROUND
In Pakistan, the administrative jurisdictions are divided into divisions, districts and tehsils. These
administrative units serve as the baseline for public spending from various tiers of government. As we
move up the administrative hierarchy from cities and districts, division plays a crucial role in providing
public services more efficiently due to economies of scales and higher decision making power. Considering
the existing administrative structure of Punjab, the term division is used as an economic ‘Region’ so that
adoption of the plan requires minimal changes to existing processes on which current planning and
systems have evolved. The Sargodha Division is an emerging economic hub of Punjab and has high
potential for growth. The division comprises of 4 districts i.e. Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali and Bhakkar.
This report presents the Regional Development Plan of all four districts in the Sargodha division.
Drinking Water and Sanitation are the most essential elements for human life and its dignity. Access to
drinking water and sanitation services is recognized as a fundamental human right by Government of
Pakistan in the Constitution under Article 9 that “no person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in
accordance with law”. The Government of Punjab also envisions providing safe drinking water and
sanitation facilities to the entire rural and urban communities in an equitable, efficient and sustainable
manner.
The plan is developed using participatory approach combined with the field visits of all the districts in
Sargodha division, primary and secondary data analysis at local as well as regional level. The planning
exercise included all the relevant stakeholders and local community in identification of key projects and
their timelines - short-medium-long term investment plan at district and regional level.
The report comprises of fourteen chapters. The chapters I-IV discusses the introduction to the division,
existing WSS indices, methodology adopted and the community perception survey. The chapters V-XII
discusses the detailed plan for water and sewerage of Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali and Bhakkar including
their existing infrastructure, conditional assessment, baseline situation, demand-supply gaps and
proposed project plans for the future.
Sargodha is the 11th most populous city of Pakistan and the 5th most populous city of Punjab and is the
divisional headquarters of the Sargodha division. The district lies in the middle of Punjab. The geo-strategic
importance has led to establishment of air base of Pakistan Air Force here. The underground water of
Sargodha is brackish and the main source of water for the city are the seepage tube wells installed along
the Lower Jhelum Branch Canal and the direct intake of water from the same canal. The water is pumped
from the source to Ground Storage Tanks throughout the city from where it is distributed at household
level. There are a total of 53 tube wells, 7 OHRs and 14 Water Works within the boundary of MC Sargodha.
Majority of these assets have long outlived their lives and are in deteriorating condition. The condition of
Sewerage in Sargodha is also dire with undersized pipes and overflowing disposals. There are a total of 11
disposal stations in the city all of which are in deteriorating condition.
Khushab is another district of Sargodha division with a population of about 1.28 million. Khushab is
situated between the districts Sargodha and Mianwali, lying at the edge of river Jhelum. The water of
Khushab is also brackish. The main water supply system is based on tube wells installed along the Jhelum
river as well as direct intake from the 1-L Khushab canal. The water is stored in storage tanks in the city
from where it is further distributed. There are total of 28 tube wells, 2 GSTs and 3 water works owned by
MC Khushab. These assets are on the verge of their design life and need immediate rehabilitation
measures. The sewerage system in Khushab is practically non-existent with only one disposal station
available. Open drains/ditches are used to dispose waste water away from the urban centers.
The district of Mianwali is an important district of Sargodha division lying on the edge of sandy plains of
Thal. The mighty Indus river flows through the Mianwali district, due to which sub surface water is
available in abundance. The rich aquifer has led to increase in private boring in the district. The water
supply system in Mianwali consists of 11 tube wells and 5 OHRs. These schemes supply water to the
population via direct pumping. The water supply infrastructure in the city has been graded as average to
satisfactory based on its condition. The system of sewerage and drainage is the major issue for Mianwali
with only one disposal station currently functional. The waste water of the city is carried through channels
and sullage carriers away from the city and is eventually disposed into Indus. Urban flooding and water
ponding is a common occurrence during rainy season. The overall condition of sewerage of Mianwali is
dire.
The district of Bhakkar is the largest district of the Sargodha division with respect to area. The district lies
on the edge of Thal and has sweet underground water available in abundance. The water supply schemes
of Bhakkar is based on direct supply from tube wells with OHRs available for storage. There are 9 tube
wells and 6 OHRs owned by MC Bhakkar. These assets are in dire condition with most of them needing
immediate maintenance. The sewerage system of Bhakkar is old and outlived with choked sewers
throughout the city. There are total 6 disposal stations owned by MC Bhakkar all of which are in
deteriorating condition.
The Sargodha division has a rural population of about 6 million indicating 9% of the rural population of
Punjab to be settled there. Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) is the main department
responsible for the installation or execution of water supply and sanitation schemes in rural areas of
Punjab. One of the major challenges of Service Delivery in rural areas is the distribution of responsibilities
to execute and operate the infrastructure. PHED is responsible for execution or installation of the municipal
services infrastructure which is usually handed over to Community Based Organizations (CBOs) for its
operation and maintenance (O&M). There are approximately 540 rural water supply schemes 70% of
which are in functional state. Rural sewerage system mostly of open drain type (92%) is present in
approximately 700 villages of Sargodha Division which make average of 33% coverage in rural areas while
67% villages are still unserved for sewerage facilities.
Considering these facts and figures, a number of projects are proposed in short-medium-long term basis
for Sargodha Division in order to make the existing network efficient and enhance the water supply and
sewerage coverage. Projects of worth over 30 Billion have been identified in these four districts of
Sargodha division. These projects have been identified after performing demand-supply analysis and are
planned in order to cater for the existing gap in the system. These projects have a vast scope including but
not limited to rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, extension of water and sewerage facilities to
unserved areas, capacity building programs for MCs, divisional uplift projects, establishment of DNI Zones,
Waste Water Treatment Plants, water quality labs, solar interventions, training centers and more. These
projects aim to solve the existing water supply and sewerage crisis by providing a result-oriented, efficient
and streamlined path for planned regional development in the region.
Section 1
01 Overview
1.1. TOPOGRAPHY
Sargodha is the 11th most populous city in Pakistan and the 5th most populous city in Punjab. Sargodha is
located in the north-east of Pakistan and mainly comprises of flat, fertile plains, although here are a few
small hills on the Sargodha-Faisalabad Road. The River Jhelum flows on the western and northern sides,
and the River Chenab lies on the eastern side of the city.
1.2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Sargodha is located 172 kilometers northwest of Lahore and lies about 30 miles from the M-2 motorway,
which connects Lahore and Islamabad. Sargodha is roughly 94 km from Faisalabad, due southeast.
Directly east connected by the M-2 motorway are Lahore and the route to Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Due east is the city of Jhang; toward the west are the city of Mianwali and the Chashma Barrage.
1
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

Sargodha has a climate of extreme heat and cold. The maximum temperature reaches 46°C in the summer
while the minimum temperature recorded is as low as 3°C in the winter. (Meteoblue, n.d.) Sargodha
experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. The month with the most rain in Sargodha
is July, ranging from 2mm to 50mm. (Meteoblue, n.d.)
Figure 1: Annual Temperature & Precipitation Trends of Sargodha District
1.3. DISTRICTS PROFILE & DEMOGRAPHY

Sargodha Range was established on July 1, 1960, and it included the districts of Sargodha, Mianwali,
Jhang, and Faisalabad. The Khushab and Bhakkar Sub Divisions of the Sargodha and Mianwali Districts,
respectively, were raised to district status on July 1, 1982. Faisalabad District was also given the status of
Range, due to which the districts of Jhang and Faisalabad were seprated from Sargodha.
Table 1 describes the district wise demographic information of Sargodha Division.

Section 1
Table 1: Demographic Information of Sargodha Division
Sargodha Region
Sargodha Khushab Mianwali Bhakkar

Sr. # Particulars
District District District District
1. Location 32.1566° N, 32.3259° N, 32.6645° N, 31.6082° N,
72.8043° E 72.1416° E 71.4774° E 71.0854° E
2. Area (km2) 5,854 6,511 5,840 8,153
3. Population (2017) 3,696,212 1,280,372 1,542,601 1,647,852
4. No. of Tehsils 07 (Sargodha, 04 (Khushab, 03 (Mianwali, Isa 04 (Bhakkar,
Kot Momin, Noorpur, Khel, Piplan) Darya Khan,
Bhalwal, Quaidabad, Kallurkot,
Shahpur, Nowshehra) Mankera)
Sillanwali,
Sahiwal, Bhera) 2

4,000,000
3,500,000 3,696,212
1,280,372
3,000,000
1,542,601
2,500,000
1,647,852
2,000,000 6,511
Khushab
1,500,000 5,840
Mianwali
1,000,000 8,153
Bhakkar
500,000 5,856
Sargodha
0
Population (2017) Area (Km2)
Sargodha Bhakkar Mianwali Khushab

Section 1
1.4. WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AT A GLANCE

Sanitation and drinking water are the most basic necessities for human existence and dignity. Government
of Pakistan regards access to drinking water and sanitation services as a fundamental human right
enshrined in Article 9 of the Constitution of Pakistan, which states that "no one shall be deprived of life
or liberty except in compliance with law." Therefore, the government is responsible for providing safe
drinking water) and sanitation services to the urban and rural populations in order to meet the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) Target (Goal 6.1 & 6.2) by 2030.
Achieve universal
and equitable access
to safe and
affordable drinking
Achieve access to
water for all.
adequate and equitable
GOAL 6.1
sanitation and hygiene for
all and end open
defecation, paying special
attention to the needs of 3
women and girls and those
in vulnerable situations.

GOAL 6.2
1.4.1. WASH INDEX IN SARGODHA DIVISION
The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) is a composite index of three pillars: water, sanitation and
hygiene. UNICEF created a detailed district-by-district WASH scorecard and published a report in 2019 to
help relevant stakeholders make educated decisions about sector-specific interventions in order to boost
advocacy and evidence-based investments. Disparities and imbalances in WASH exist throughout
districts/divisions, urban as well as rural populations.
Section 1

Figure 2: District wise WASH Index
87.93
71.81
66.28
62.54
WASH INDEX
28.76
DISTRICTS WITH RANKING
Khushab (36) Mianwali (18) Sargodha (11) Bhakkar (5) Narowal (1)
Figure 3: Overall WASH Index Comparison

Section 1
1.5. METHODOLOGY
The technique for the full task of developing a regional development plan for water supply and sanitation
(WSS) has been separated into distinct sections, which are summarized and enumerated in Figure 4:

Figure 4: Methodology for Development of Plan
1.5.1. DESK STUDY
In order to assess the state of water supply and sanitation (WSS) in the Sargodha Region over the last
decade, a complete desk research was performed. The desk study considered the current legislative
landscape, the most recent WSS ADP Schemes, development plans, and pertinent published papers,
publications, and journals. The number of initiatives and programs that were completed in previous years
to strengthen WSS infrastructure were also evaluated. The team also engaged with relevant departments
to share any secondary or primary sectoral data/reports, which were reviewed and used.
1.5.2. MEETING WITH STAKEHOLDERS
Team carried out a detailed 10-day visit (January 16 - January 23, 2022) to Sargodha Division where
meetings with multiple relevant stakeholders were carried out:
 XENs & SDOs Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)

 Chief Officer Municipal Corporations
 Community Development Officers (CDOs) PHED
 Junior Research Officers (JRO) PHED
Section 1
During the consultations, relevant department officials were inquired about the current situation,
challenges and future required WSS interventions in the districts. Major Challenges expressed by
concerned officers included Outlived WSS Infrastructure; Absence of groundwater quality testing; High
electricity tariffs; Non-existent metering system; Sewerage network leakages polluting water supply
infrastructure; Political & feudal influence in Urban & Rural area schemes; Presence of brackish
groundwater; Existence of Unserved WSS Pockets; Absence of legal cover to CBOs; Theft issues and Lack
of Proper Human Resource and Capacity Building Mechanism.
1.5.3. ON-GROUND SURVEY
To analyze the condition of the WSS infrastructure in both urban and rural areas, the team undertook a
field survey. To analyze the state of all assets for the Water Supply and Sewerage System, the team
employed a variety of technologies and designed survey forms based on international best practices. Tube
Wells, Overhead Reservoirs (OHRs), Ground Storage Tanks (GSTs), Water Filtration Plants (WFPs) and
Disposal Stations were among the key data sources. WSS Infrastructure Machinery, Civil Structure, and
Electrical Components were all assessed and grouped into the following ratings based on their condition. 6
The team also used mobile water testing kits to conduct random water quality testing. Table 2 is used as

criteria for condition assessment exercise.
Table 2: Grading Chart for Asset Condition Assessment
Rating Asset Condition Description
A Excellent No noticeable defects. Some aging or wear may be visible.

B Good Only minor deterioration or defects are evident.
Some deterioration or defects are evident, but function is not
C Fair
significantly affected
Serious deterioration in at least some portion of the structure.
D Poor
Function is inadequate
No longer functional. General failure or complete failure of a major
F Failing
structural component.
Figure 5: Example of Condition of WSS Infrastructure- very Poor

Section 1
1.5.4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS
The Urban Unit team conducted several consultation sessions in all districts of Sargodha division. To
perform the exercise, each city was subdivided into 6 to 7 densely populated areas. This activity included
consulting citizens of various ages (ranging from 21 to 65 years old). To collect feedback from citizens,
survey forms were developed and used. The team received comments from more than 100 residents in
each city on average.
1.5.5. IDENTIFICATION OF GAPS
The gaps in service delivery were observed and asses related to in the development of WSS services in the
region, based on consultations with stakeholders and the community. In addition to it, population
projections along with water budgets were also taken in to account to figure out priority areas of
interventions and technical requirement.
1.5.6. SPATIAL DATA SETS ASSESSMENTS

7
All geo-tagged data from the field was transferred to ArcGIS, a GIS-based Asset Inventory system was

created, and all assets were mapped according to their condition ratings. For the four districts of Sargodha
Division, base maps were created including all above ground and subsurface assets, as well as their
condition. To assess and plan the actions, different geographic data sets such as communities, river
tributaries, secondary water quality layers, groundwater table, and other critical relevant data were
layered on existing WSS infrastructure.
1.5.7. PLANNING & DESIGN EXERCISE
The team strategized a plan for providing drinking water and sanitation services to meet the demand of
people based on primary data collecting and existing secondary data. For planned short, medium, and
long-term phases, future population and water demand were calculated. The team also looked at the
current infrastructure and potential gaps in order to provide solutions to satisfy future demand for
sustainable planning. In the sectoral plan, all parts of the water supply system were reviewed and planned
in detail, including design criteria, infrastructure requirements, equipment, machinery, and facilities
requirements, and monitoring requirements.
1.5.8. SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTIONS WITH COSTING
The team categorized the key neglected/problematic regions, the most severe difficulties, and identified
the list of interventions in the water supply and sanitation sector needed to meet the needs in a
sustainable manner based on the gap analysis and need assessment. Projects and actions were ranked
according to their level of urgency. The interventions were identified and arranged in short (2023),
medium (2026), and long-term (2031) phases based on the immediacy of the necessity and the severity
of the issue to deliver the most efficient level of municipal services.
The anticipated extension of water supply and sewage lines, as well as accompanying machinery and
infrastructure, water quality tests, required equipment and machinery, and provision of possible water
Section 1
treatment solutions, were all discussed, along with other development elements. WSS infrastructure was
conceptually designed, and detailed costing for the identified short, medium, and long-term plans were
developed.
1.6. PERCEPTION SURVEY

Water supply and sanitation are important municipal services that contribute to inhabitants' health and
quality of life. For proper assessment and planning, effective community involvement is required to
consider residents' perceptions of the existing state of services and their desire for improvement. The
team planned to conduct a perception survey in each district and designed a survey form to collect
information about water supply and sanitation services supplied by concerned MCs, based on the scope
of work to be carried out in the sectoral WSS regional development plan. To conduct the survey, each city
was separated into 6 to 7 densely inhabited zones, and the team received responses from more than 100
residents ranging in age from 21 to 65 years old. People were asked to rate the satisfaction level and their
willingness to pay for improved Water Supply and Sanitation services. The outcomes of survey are
represented in the form of charts in Figure 6.
8
Water Supply District Sanitation

Bhakkar
80% 20%
80% Mianwali 30%
50% Khushab 40%
50% Sarghoda 60%
Figure 6: Result of Perception Survey
Figure 7: Results of Willingness to Par Survey

Section 1
The analysis of the poll data revealed that the majority of inhabitants were dissatisfied with the sanitation
services offered to them. It was discovered that 80% of the residents of both Mianwali and Bhakkar were
satisfied with their water supply, this is because they mainly rely on private bores installed at their
households due to availability of sweet water. However, the degree of satisfaction with sanitation services
was found around 20% and 30% in Bhakkar and Mianwali respectively. It demonstrates the need for action
to improve the services. Around 50% of the residents of Sargodha and Khushab unlike Mianwali and
Bhakkar were unhappy with the municipal services. They can be attributed to outlived water supply
infrastructure and non-existent sanitation network. The overall condition of the region depicts the need
for taking the steps to improve the services.

Figure 8: Consultation conducted with local community
Section 2
02 Water Supply &

Sanitation – Sargodha
A. WATER SUPPLY OF SARGODHA
Sargodha City water supply is managed by Municipal Corporation (MC) Sargodha after Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED) designs are executes the water supply schemes in the city. The
underground water of Sargodha is brackish. Canal water and seepage wells along Lower Jhelum Branch
Canal are the only two sources of fresh water for water supply schemes of the city. The oldest water
supply schemes in the city are from pre-partition era dating back to 1904 that is still being operated.
Further schemes were added and extended as the population of the city increased. Sargodha is the
10
divisional headquarter of Sargodha Division with a population of about 500,000 individuals. This high-

water demand paired with limited sources of fresh water presents a complex situation for the effective
delivery of fresh water to the people of the city. The gap in service delivery and the demand is significant
and calls for immediate interventions to be addressed.
2.1. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

Sargodha water supply is not fulfilling the required water demand of the city. According to the latest
census of 2017, the population of Sargodha is more than 500,000 with almost 80,000 households in the
city. Almost 70-80% area of Sargodha city has MC water supply network. The water supply schemes
extract water through either direct pumping from Lower Jhelum Branch Canal (LJBC) which is then treated
through Slow Sand Filters or from seepage tube wells installed along the canal. This water is then pumped
to Water Works (GST) present in various parts of the city from where they are further distributed. A total
of 14 MC owned Water Works are currently present in Sargodha. These water works are old with the
earliest one being constructed in 1904 and the last constructed in 2006. 13 out of these 14-water works
are currently functional. But despite this, the delivery volume of water from these water works in far less
than the water demand of the city thus creating a big shortage in demand and supply.
The water system of Sargodha also includes Overhead Reservoirs that are constructed at various locations
throughout the city and provide emergency storage to the network. The distribution network of Sargodha
is 30-50 years old and covers about 80% of the city. These old pipes have leakages and damages, and the
inter-mixing of sewerage is a common occurrence.
Hence, there is a need to rectify and improve these service delivery gaps in order to provide a sustainable
plan for the water supply system for Sargodha. A water supply scheme is currently planned and
undergoing in Sargodha City.
Section 2
Table 3: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Sargodha City
Tube wells 53
Operational 31
Non-Operational 22
Overhead Reservoir 7
Operational 7
Non-Operational 0
Water Works 14
Operational 13
Non-Operational 1
Water Supply Pipeline
City Coverage 70-80%
11

1
Water Works 13
14
0
7
22
Tube wells 31
53
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Non-Operational Operational Total
Figure 9: Bar Chart depicting Water Supply Infrastructure of Sargodha City
With regard to condition assessment of the water supply system, overall civil structure, machinery and
electrical components associated with water supply infrastructure present in the city has been evaluated
as “D” which indicates serious deterioration in at least some portion of the structure and the function
being inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is evaluated as “C” meaning that some
deterioration or defects are evident but the function is not significantly affected.
Section 2
2.1.1. TUBE WELLS
The MC Sargodha owns 53 tube wells, 31 out of which are operational. These tube wells were installed
along the Lower Jhelum Canal in various schemes from 1960-2006. Most of these tube wells are of 0.5
cusecs discharge capacity except the tube wells of Ludhewala Scheme No. 2, which has 10 tube wells of 1
cusec capacity. The details of tube wells and their relevant schemes are provided as annexure to this
report.
14 tube wells have been abandoned due to a number of reasons including system damage, outlived
machinery and brackish water issues (Eisanagar Tube wells). The condition of pump houses of the older
tube wells is also deteriorating. 8 tube wells are currently under repair by the MC Sargodha. Further, the
number of tube wells in the city are also insufficient to cater for the demand of whole city and additional
wells are required to fulfill this demand-supply gap.
The pictures below show the different tube wells installed at different locations in Sargodha.
12

Figure 10: Tube well inside Main Water Works Sargodha
Figure 11: Inside view of an abandoned Tube wells along Lower Jhelum Canal
Section 2
2.1.2. OVERHEAD RESERVOIR (OHR)
There is a total of 7 Overhead Reservoirs in Sargodha city. All 7 of these OHRs are functional and provide
storage to the water supply network of Sargodha city. These OHRs are of different storage capacities and
the details are provided as Annexure to this report.
2.1.3. WATER WORKS
Water Works in Sargodha is a water supply facility that is made up of various assets like Ground Storage
Tank, Pumping machinery and in some cases a Slow Sand Filter and an Overhead Reservoir. There are a
total of 14 Water Works under MC Sargodha out of which 3 Water Works are termed as Main Water
Works and the other 11 are Pumping Stations.
2.1.3.1. MAIN WATER WORKS (DIRECT INTAKE FORM CANAL)
The Main Water Works 1925, Main Water Works NST and the Main Water Works Johar Colony are the
three Main Water Works of Sargodha. These have a direct intake of water from the Lower Jhelum and 13
Mathalak Rajbah Canals. The pumped water is then treated through Slow Sand Filter beds before storing

in GSTs. The water is then distributed to different areas of the city. The Main Water Works of Sargodha
was established in 1904 and is still operational. Due to old age of the structure, deteriorating civil
structure and machinery of the water works was observed. The lining of the pond was damaged and the
sand beds had vegetal growth. The Ground Storage tanks also needed repairs but were functional.
Spalling of plaster was observed.
Figure 12: Damaged lining of pond and Damaged GST at Main Water Works Sargodha
Figure 13: Damaged civil structure and Sand Filter bed at Main Water Works Sargodha
Section 2
2.1.3.2. MAIN WATER WORKS (FED BY TUBE WELLS)
There are 11 smaller Water Works in Sargodha City. These water works are fed from tube wells installed
along the Lower Jhelum Canal. Since the tube wells are at a distance from the city, the head is reduced
and these water works act as pumping stations for supply of water to various parts of the city. The water
from these tube wells is stored in GSTs at these water works and then is distributed further.
14

Figure 14: Ground Storage Tanks at Gill wala and Satellite Town Water Works
The civil structure of GST of these water works was satisfactory. The machinery and electrical components
however had outlived their life with little to no maintenance and needed replacement. The condition of
these water works is evident from the pictures attached below:
Figure 15: Electro-Mechanical components of Water Works Satellite Town

Section 2
2.1.4. FILTRATION PLANTS
There are around 22 Filtration Plants within the boundary of MC Sargodha. These filtration plants are RO
plants and are operated by the MC Sargodha. Some of these filtration plants are in dire condition and
need major rehabilitation.
Figure 16: Filtration Plant at Katcheri Road, Sargodha

15

2.1.5. WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES:
The water supply pipelines of Sargodha are 30-50 years old with almost 70-80% coverage of the city.
These pipelines are of varying diameters and materials like PVC, CI, MS and AC. The main water supply
lines of Sargodha have an approximate length of 50.7 km and range in size from 6”-24”. The distribution
network of Sargodha has an approximate length of 300 km and the range in size of 2”-16”. These pipelines
are old and have leakages with valves buried under the road in most cases.
Figure 17: Baseline Water Supply System in Sargodha City

Section 2
2.2. PLANNING & DESIGN CRITERIA

This section refers to the design of main components of water supply network. The main components are
discussed in the subsequent sections. Based on the current and projected populations for the Municipal
Committee and the proposed water demand of 33 gallons per capita per day i/c 20% as unaccounted for
water (NRW) & 15% of commercial water demand and 10% of Industrial and 10% of Institutional water
demand have also been added in the design, the current (2022) water demand and future (2025, 2030
and 2040) water demands are shown in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Estimated Water Demands for Sargodha City
Water Demand (Gallons per Day)
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040
Existing Urban Existing Urban Existing Urban Existing Urban
Population
Boundary Boundary Boundary Boundary
16
558,476 591,266 650,249 786,455

Domestic Demand 33
GPCD (including 20% 18,429,708 19,511,778 21,458,217 25,953,015
NRW)
Industrial (Cottage
industries, Factories)
10% of Domestic 1,842,970.8 1,951,177.8 2,145,821.7 2,595,301.5
Demand
Institutional
(Educational,
Institutions and 1,842,970.8 1,951,177.8 2,145,821.7 2,595,301.5
Hospitals) 10% of
Domestic Demand
Commercial (Shops &
Restaurants etcetera.)
15% of Domestic 2,764,456.2 2,926,766.7 3,218,732.55 3,892,952.25
Demand
Average Day Demand
(MG/D) 25 26 29 35
Max Day Demand

37 40 43 53
(MG/D)
 Design Criteria
The main objective of design is to evolve a water supply network, which can be operated with minimum
maintenance for design life of the project. There is a need to develop a sustainable system for water
supply that takes into account the impact of population growth and efficient aquifer recharge mechanism.
Section 2
 Planning Horizons
Planning horizon for this plan is 18 years i.e., 2022-2040. Short-, medium- and long-term phases are
identified for 3, 5 & 10 years i.e., 2025, 2030 and 2040 respectively.
 Population Projection
The population projections are determined by using following formula:
Pn = Po (1+r)n
Where,
Pn = Projected population for required year
Po = Population of base year
r = Population annual growth rate (taken from last Census Report 2017)
n = Number of years, counted from the base year 17

Growth rate in case of Sargodha city is taken as 1.92% as per 2017 Census report of Pakistan.

 Maximum Day Demand
Maximum day demand is taken as 1.5 times the average day demand.
 Tube Well Working Hours
Tube Well Working Hours are taken as 16 Hours/day in city as proposed in Design Criteria for WASAs by
Urban Unit
 Overhead Reservoir
Overhead reservoirs are designed for the continuous supply of water. Capacity of overhead reservoirs is
taken as 1/10th of average day demand.
 Ground Storage Tanks
When the length of the rising main is such that the loss of head is very high, intermediate pumping
stations comprising a storage tank and pumping machinery installed in a pump house will be used.
Capacity of ground water storage tanks is taken as 1/4th of average daily demand.
 Drinking Water Requirement
Water requirement of 33 Gallons per capita per day as recommended by WASA is used for the design
calculations in this report.
Section 2
2.3. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS

Based on the existing infrastructure analysis including condition survey and service delivery gap analysis,
the recommendations are divided into three phases: i.e., Short (Year 2025), Medium (2030) and Long
(2040) term plans in order to reduce the financial stress.
2.3.1. SHORT TERM PLAN
The Short-Term interventions of Sargodha are focused on rehabilitation of sewerage network of the city
and hence, no interventions for water supply are proposed during this phase.
An establishment of Backup store and inventory is proposed during the short-term phase to quickly deal
with problems with the WSS infrastructure in the city.
Other than these interventions, solar energy potential for public buildings can also be explored as this
energy can be used to power nearby WSS infrastructure. University of Sargodha is one such site in the
city with a DC potential of almost 885 Kw, and if properly harnessed can provide clean and sustainable
solution to power this infrastructure.
18

Table 5: WS Short - Term Interventions in Sargodha City
WS Short - Term Interventions

Machinery ▪ 3 Sucker and 3 Jetting Machines
▪ Mobile Workshop Units
Back – up Store ▪ Establishment of Backup store in MC

Sargodha
2.3.2. MEDIUM TERM PLAN
In the medium phase interventions, new infrastructure will be installed in order to cater for the future
aforementioned population and water demand. The Extension of Water Supply Scheme in Sargodha city
is thus proposed which includes the construction of fifty (50) tube wells (complete with elevated pump
houses) along the River Jhelum. Due to distance from the city, an Intermediate Pumping Station (IPS) with
5 Storage Tanks of 600,000 Gallons is also proposed. The water will be carried through 40” rising main to
the IPS and then to the city. Five (5) new Ground Storage Tanks (600,000 Gallons each) and six (6)
Overhead Reservoirs (100,000 Gallons each) are proposed to be constructed to integrate the new water
supply with the existing water supply network of the city. The locations of these new Overhead Reservoirs
and Storage Tanks have been shown in the proposed intervention map however these locations are
tentative and can be changed as per the requirement of the stakeholders involved.
Extension of water supply to unserved areas of Sargodha is also proposed during the medium-term phase,
which includes the laying of HDPE pipelines along with valves and joints in the unserved localities of
Sargodha.
Section 2
A Distribution Network Improvement Zone (DNI Zone) is proposed to be established in Satellite Town
Block A of Sargodha. The existing 22 filtration plants of Sargodha are to be provided with 4kW solar
systems to make them self-sufficient in terms of energy consumption.
Table 6: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Sargodha City
WS Medium - Term Interventions

Infrastructure Tube wells:
▪ New 50 no. of Tube wells each of 1-Cusec.
Intermediate Pumping Station (IPS):

▪ New 1 No. IPS (Along with 5x600,000 Gallons GSTs)
Overhead Reservoirs (OHRs):

▪ New 6 No. OHRs (100,000 Gallons each)
Ground Storage Tanks (GSTs):

▪ New 5 No. GSTs (600,000 Gallons each)
19

DNI Zone:
▪ Establishment of Distribution Network Improvement
Zone for Satellite Town Block-A, Sargodha
Machinery ▪ Chlorinators
▪ Bulk Meter
Back – up Store ▪ Solarization of 22 Filter Plants in Sargodha
2.3.3. LONG TERM PLAN
In the long-term phase, construction of Training Center for technical training of MC sanitary staff is
proposed. Construction of a Water Quality Lab is also proposed during long term for the effective
monitoring of water quality in the city.
The water infrastructure of the city was replaced during the medium term and hence, water metering is
proposed during the long-term phase in order to quantify the water supply to the city.
Table 7: WS Long - Term Interventions for Sargodha City
WS Long - Term Interventions

Machinery ▪ Water Meters / Flow Meters
Back – up Store ▪ Establishment of Water Quality Lab
Training Center ▪ Establishment of Training Center at MC Sargodha

Section 2
Comprehensive list of interventions projects and spatial overview for the city water supply system under
this regional development plan are shown in table and figure.
Table 8: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Sargodha City
Sr. # Plan Period Project Title Justification & Scope
1. Machinery Procurement ▪ Machinery in order to quick fix

including 03 sucker & 03 sewerage blockage
Short – Term jetting machines and ▪ Store for backup spares and
(2025) establishment of Backup mobile workshop units for repair
Store with Mobile Workshop & maintenance of WSS
Infrastructure
2. New Water Supply scheme: ▪ Construction of 50 pump houses
Construction of 50 No. of new
Tube-wells along Jhelum
with Tube wells & 01 IPS
(5x600,000 GLNS GST each) with
20
River along with IPS, OHR and 2x40” dia HDPE Rising Main.

GST in Sargodha City ▪ 06 OHR’s (100,000 GLNS) & 05
(600,000 GLNS) GST to integrate
with rest of the city
▪ Augmentation of water supply is
needed
3. Extension of water supply in ▪ Provision of distribution network
unserved areas of Sargodha with HDPE pipes, installation of
Medium –
Term (2030) City (Johar Colony, Din new valves, joints & air valves
Colony, Aheer Colony, ▪ DNI Zone with SCADA
Istaqlalabad, Gulshan Colony,
Maryam Town, Dhodhi
Colony, Bus Adda) &
establishment of DNI Zone in
Satellite Town Block A
4. Solarization of 22 filtration ▪ Rooftop 4 kW solar system with
plants in Sargodha city (4 kW installation of solar panels,
system) inverters and electrification
5. Construction of Training ▪ Training of WSS officials for:

Center with Water Quality Asset Management, Geo Tagging
Long – Term Lab & Water Metering of the of WSS Infrastructure, O&M of
(2040) whole city E&M equipment & Water Quality
Testing Lab establishment
Section 2
21

Figure 18: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Sargodha City
Section 2
B. SEWERAGE SYSTEM SARGODHA

Provision of sewerage services in Sargodha is the responsibility of MC Sargodha. The sewerage schemes
are designed and executed by Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) and then handed over to
Municipal Corporation Sargodha for its Operation and Maintenance. The current sewerage system of
Sargodha is insufficient as compared to the huge population of the city and is outlived. The condition of
disposal stations specially the main disposals is dire. The structure is in deteriorated condition and
overflowing issues are common at these disposals. The sewage of the whole city is carried through two
drains; FS and Mona drain that passes through the outskirts of the city. The sewerage system of Sargodha
is in sub-standard condition that needs to be immediately addressed.
2.4. EXISTING SEWERAGE INFRASTRUCTURE

The existing sewerage system of Sargodha is old and sub-standard. Almost 70% area of Sargodha has
sewerage schemes but this sewerage network is more than 30 years old. The existing system of sewerage
constitutes of old RCC sewer lines ranging from 9” to 72” diameter. There are 11 disposal stations in the
city, 3 of which are termed as Main Disposals. The sewerage water of the entire city is pumped by various 22
disposals and then reach the Main Disposals of the city. Main Disposal Jinnah Colony and NST carry the

waste water via 54” trunks to the FS Drain whereas the Sillanwali Road Main Disposal carries the waste
water via 72” trunk to the Mona Drain. These drains carry the waste of the entire city to the agricultural
fields.
The outskirt areas of the city are still deprived of proper sewerage network. Open drains are a common
sight. Currently, a sewerage scheme is under works by Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) for
Maqam-e-Hayat area of the city.
Overall, the existing Sewerage disposal system is not sufficient to meet current and future waste disposal
demand of the city & condition of the existing structure especially sewerage lines needs attention so that
it is properly disposed-off.
Table 9: Sewerage Infrastructure in Sargodha City
Disposal Stations 11
Operational 11
Non-Operational 0
Waste Water Treatment Plants 0
Operational 0
Non-Operational 0
Sewer Lines
City Coverage 70%
Section 2
With regard to condition assessment of the sewerage system, overall civil structure, machinery and
electrical components associated with sewerage infrastructure present in the city has been evaluated as
“D” which indicates serious deterioration in at least some portion of the structure and the function being
inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is also evaluated as “D” which indicates serious
deterioration in at least some portion of the structure and the function being inadequate.
Table 10: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Sargodha
Assets Rating
Civil Structure D
Sewerage Network D
Electrical Components & Machinery D
2.4.1. DISPOSAL STATIONS

23

There are a total of 11 MC owned Disposal Stations in Sargodha City. 3 out these are termed as Main
Disposal Stations. These main disposals are bigger than the rest and the sewage of the entire city is
collected in these before it is disposed in the drains. These disposal stations were built more than 30 years
ago and have not been properly maintained. Almost all of these have spalling civil structure. The walls of
wet wells are well deteriorated due to action of Sulphur. There are no screening chambers present in any
of the disposal.
The Ghani Park disposal is a special case that needs to be mentioned as it is present in a highly congested
area with no boundary wall. This disposal is undersized and the waste water is almost always overflowing.
The road leading up to the disposal is filled with stagnant and polluted water and is a breeding ground
for mosquitos. This create a highly unsanitary and unhygienic condition for the people around the
disposals.
Figure 1: Houses just beside Ghani Park Disposal Figure 2: Overflowing waste water from Ghani Park
Disposal
Figure 19: Houses just beside Ghani Park Figure 20: Overflowing waste water from Ghani
Disposal Park Disposal
Section 2
The Jinnah Colony Main Disposal has extremely outlived structure. The wells and the machinery are barely
functional. The boundary wall was damaged and the wet well was in deteriorating condition. Overflow
issue was reported in this disposal during load shedding hours. The main sewer line was also choked due
to silting. The Sillanwali Road Main Disposal was in the same condition.
24

Figure 21: Well and Roof Girders of Jinnah Colony Main Disposal
The pumps and motors in all of the disposals are in highly derogated condition and open wiring is used.
The waste water from the disposals is dumped in Mona drain and FS drain that pass outside the city and
is carried to the fields.
2.4.2. SEWERAGE NETWORK
The sewerage network consists of RCC pipes of diameters ranging from 9” to 72”. These sewer lines have
an approximate spread of 70% of the city. These pipelines are in unsatisfactory condition with most of
them being undersized. A new sewerage scheme for Maqam-e-Hayat area is under works by PHED.
2.4.3. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Oxidation ponds, also called stabilization ponds, these are large, shallow ponds designed to treat
wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae. There are currently no Waste Water
Treatment Plant in Sargodha City.

The purpose of this planning exercise was to assess the current gaps and future wastewater disposal
demand for the citizens of the city. The sewage generation of Sargodha is expected to rise up to 83.63
MGD at the end of 2040. It should be noted that sewage flow generated by Sargodha Cantonment area
(adjacent to Sargodha MC) is also included in the final calculations of sewage flow for Sargodha City. It is
evident that the current capacity of the functional disposal station is lesser than the sewage generated by
the city.
Section 2
Based on the current and projected populations for the Municipal Corporation (and Sargodha
Cantonment), the proposed water demand of 33 Gallons per Capita per Day, the current (2022) and future
(2025, 2030 and 2040) waste water flows are calculated and shown in the table below.
Table 11: Estimated Sewage Flow of Sargodha City
Sewerage Flow (Gallons per Day)
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040

Population 558,476 591,266 650,249 786,455
Population (Sargodha 167213 177030 194690 235472
Cantt.)
Average Sewage Flow
for 33 GPCD (including
19.16 20.28 22.31 26.98
25
20% NRW)

Peak Sewage Flow 38.32 40.57 44.61 53.96
Storm Water Flow 19.16 20.28 22.31 26.98
(33%)
Non-Domestic Flows 0.96 1.01 1.12 1.35
(5%)
Infiltration (5%) 0.96 1.01 1.12 1.35
Total Sewage Flow
(MG/D) 59.39 62.88 69.15 83.63
 Design Criteria
Average waste water is taken as 80% of the Average Water Demand of the city. The Peak Factor of 2 is
used for this design considerations as the population of city is (>100,000). Storm water flow is taken as
50% of the Average Water Demand as Sargodha City lies in the Northern Zone of Punjab. Non-Domestic
Flows and Infiltration as 5% of the Average Water Demand is used. The collective sewage flow of Sargodha
city and Sargodha Cantonment is calculated for this report.

Section 2
The Short-Term interventions of Sargodha are focused on rehabilitation of sewerage network in the city.
Rehabilitation of nine (9) disposal stations in the city is proposed with measures like upgradation of
pumping machinery, capacity enhancement of wells (where possible) and repair of civil structure.
Screening chambers are also proposed for all the disposals in the city.
The two main disposals; Main Disposal Jinnah Colony and Main Disposal Sillanwali Road are in very
unsatisfactory condition and rehabilitation and capacity enhancement are proposed for these main
disposals. The civil structure is to be repaired as per the condition and screening chambers are to be
provided. Moreover. The main sewer line of Jinnah Colony Disposal is proposed to be replaced with 72”
HDPE line to cater for the rise in future population and increase in sewage flow of the city.
Table 12: Sewerage Short - Term Interventions in Sargodha City
Sewerage Short - Term Interventions

26
Infrastructure Disposal Stations:
▪ Upgradation of nine (9) Disposals in Sargodha City

▪ Upgradation and Capacity Enhancement of Main Disposal
Jinnah Colony and Main Disposal Sillanwali Road
Sewer Line:
▪ Replacement of main sewer line of Jinnah Colony Main
Disposal (72” HDPE)
Machinery ▪ Screening Chamber
In the medium-term phase, interventions related to water supply system of Sargodha are proposed and
hence no intervention related to Sewerage System of Sargodha is proposed in this phase.
In the long-term phase interventions, new infrastructure will be installed in order to cater for the
unserved areas of Sargodha and waste water generated by these localities. It is proposed to lay sewerage
system for the unserved and partially served communities of Sargodha including laying of trunk sewers,
partial and secondary lines in these areas. The sewerage system is to be connected to the existing
network.
Moreover, two (2) Waste Water Treatment Plants of 35 MGD capacity each are proposed at both FS and
Mona Drains in Sargodha complete with all the sludge carrier, pumping machinery and oxidation ponds.
Section 2
Table 13: Sewerage Long - Term Interventions for Sargodha City
Sewerage Long - Term Interventions

Infrastructure Disposal Stations:
▪ Two (2) Waste Water Treatment Plants of 35 MGD each
Sewer Line:
▪ New sewerage system for the unserved areas of Sargodha
Table 14: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Sargodha City
1. Rehabilitation and capacity ▪ Upgradation of pumping

27
enhancement of Main Disposal machinery & electrical

Stations of Sillanwali road & components, installation of
Jinnah colony screening chambers,
renovation of civil
structures, new wells,
▪ Replacement of main
sewerage pipe of Jinnah
Colony Main Disposal
Short – Term Stations with 72” HDPE
(2025)
2. Rehabilitation of 09 Disposal ▪ Upgradation of pumping
Stations and installation of machinery, capacity
screening chambers. enhancement of wells &
Disposal Stations: D/S Istiklalabad
rehabilitation of civil
Colony, D/S Model Town, D/S Eid
structures
gah, D/S Block-A Satellite Town,
D/S Block-C Satellite Town, D/S
Ghanni Park, D/S Fazal Town and
D/S Mohamandi Colony
3. Extension of sewerage network in ▪ Laying of Trunk Sewers and

Din Colony, Johar Colony, Mujahid sewage network for safe
Long – Term Colony, Old Civil Lines, Aziz Bhatti disposal of sewage to the
(2040) Town, Tariqabad, Sabir Town, WWTP
Cheema Colony, Peer Muhammad
Colony, Bus Adda, Ghalla Mandi
Section 2
Areas and Cantonment area

including PAF Colony
4. Construction of 02 Waste Water ▪ Construction of 02 Oxidation
Treatment Plants (Oxidation Ponds of 35 MGD capacity
Ponds) on Mona & F.S (each) for treatment of
drains/Nullah Waste Water
28

Figure 22: Proposed Spatial Sewerage Interventions for Sargodha City
Section 3
03 Water Supply &

Sanitation – Khushab
A. WATER SUPPLY – KHUSHAB
Khushab City water supply is managed by Municipal Committee (MC) Khushab after Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED) designs are executes the water supply schemes in the city. The
underground water of Khushab is brackish. The two main sources of water for the city are seepage wells
along the Jhelum River and direct intake from canal. The water from the tube wells is stored in Ground
Storage Tanks across the city from where it is further distributed. The water from the canals is treated in
Water Works and then supplied to the city. The population of Khushab according to the latest census of 29
2017 is about 120,000 and the absence of sweet underground water presents a complex situation for the
effective delivery of fresh water to people of the city. The water supply schemes cannot be operated at

their full capacity due to a number of technical reasons and gap between the service delivery and demand
calls for immediate interventions to be addressed.

The water supply of Khushab presents a complex situation. The population of Khushab is approximately
120,000 whereas the MC water supply connections are a mere 10,000. Almost 60-70% city has MC water
supply network. The water supply of Khushab is dependent on sweet water extracted from 1-L Khushab
Minor Canal and tube wells along the Jhelum River.
There are three (3) water works in Khushab city. These water supply facilities have direct intake of water
from the 1-L Khushab Minor Canal. The water is stored in a large pond from where it is treated through
Slow Sand Filters and stored in Ground Storage Tanks. The water is then supplied to the city from these
tanks. There are total of twenty-eight (28) tube wells installed along the flood plains of River Jhelum.
These tube wells are provided in two locations; Kacha Khushab and Kacha Shahpur. Most of these tube
wells have been constructed in 2015-2016 in two phases. The water from these tube wells is carried
through a pipeline to the city where it is stored in two (2) Storage Tanks. These storage tank then further
distributes the water to different areas of the city. Most of these tube wells are non-operational due to a
number of reasons like theft of machinery, bore issues and such.
The water supply pipes of Khushab are in working condition. The force main from the tube wells to
storage tanks is however under sized and consists of patches of different material pipes. Bursting and
leakage problem is a common occurrence.
It is evident from the aforementioned reasons that the water supply of Khushab is insufficient as
compared to the actual demand of the city. Hence, there is a need to rectify and improve these service
delivery gaps in order to provide a sustainable plan for the water supply system for Khushab.
Section 3
Table 15: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Khushab City
Tube wells 28
Operational 8
Non-Operational 20
Ground Storage Tanks 2
Operational 2
Non-Operational 0
Water Works 3
Operational 3
Non-Operational 0
City Coverage 60-70% 30

Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Khushab City
25
20
15
10
0
Tube wells Ground Storge Tanks Water Works
Operational Non Operational
Figure 23: Bar Chart dipicting Urban Infrastructure pf Khushab District
With regard to condition assessment of the water supply system, overall machinery and electrical
components associated with water supply infrastructure present in the city has been evaluated as “D”
which indicates serious deterioration in at least some portion of the structure and the function being
inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is evaluated as “C” meaning that some deterioration or
defects are evident but the function is not significantly affected. Similarly, the civil structures of water
supply infrastructure are evaluated as “C” meaning that some deterioration or defects are evident but the
function is not significantly affected.
Section 3
Table 16: Asset Rating in Khushab City
Assets Rating
Civil Structure C
Distribution Network C
3.1.1. TUBE WELLS
The MC Khushab owns a total of 28 tube wells but only 8 out of them are currently functional. These tube
wells are installed in two locations along the River Jhelum; Kacha Shahpur and Kacha Khushab. Most of
these tube wells were installed by PHED in 2015-2016 and have a discharge capacity of 0.5 cusecs. The
31
details of these tube wells is provided as annexure.

There are 24 tube wells in Katcha Shahpur scheme, but only 7 of them are functional. All of the tube wells
in Katcha Shahpur scheme are of 0.5 cusec discharge capacity. These tube wells are installed along the
flood plains of River Jhelum and have been constructed on raised pillars (raised framed structure) for
protection against floods. Most of the non-functional tube wells have motors and transformer issues. The
civil structure of these tube wells in generally fine except for bulged floor and cracked stairs in some of
them. Similarly, there are 4 tube wells in Kactha Khushab scheme but only one of them is currently
functional. These 4 tube wells also have a discharge capacity of 0.5 cusecs. The tube wells in this scheme
suffer from transformer theft and motor issues.
It should be added that the MC Khushab is unable to operate all of these tube wells at the same time
because of undersized force main from the wells to the storage tank. The pictures below show the
different tube wells installed at different locations in Khushab.
Figure 24: Bulged floor of a tube well in Kacha Shahpur

Section 3
3.1.2. WATER WORKS
The term Water Works is used for a water supply facility that is made up of various assets like Ground
Storage Tank, Pumping machinery and in some cases a Slow Sand Filter and an Overhead Reservoir. There
are a total of 3 Water Works under the ownership of MC Khushab. These water works have direct intake
of water from the 1-L Khushab Minor Canal. The water from the canal is stored in a pond for days when
the canal is cut off. The water is then passed through slow sand filter beds. From there it gets to the
clearing tank from where it is distributed throughout the city. The details of these water works is provided
as Annexure to this report.
32

Figure 25: Water Pond and GST at Water Works (Scheme No 2) in Khushab
The water works of Khushab were in deteriorating condition. The civil structure of the filter beds had
cracks and spalling plaster. The slow sand filter beds had vegetal growth in them. The civil structure of
GST of these water works also had minor cracks. The machinery and electrical components however had
outlived their life with little to no maintenance and needed replacement. The condition of these water
works is evident from the pictures attached below:
Figure 26: Slow Sand Filter at Water Works Khushab in deteriorating condition
Section 3
3.1.3. GROUND STORAGE TANKS (GST)
There are two (2) Ground Storage Tanks in Khushab City; Rehmatwala GST and Badliwala GST. These tanks
are designed to store the water coming from the tube wells of Kacha Shahpur and Kacha Khushab
schemes. Badliwala GST has a storage capacity of 400,000 Gallons whereas the Rehmatwala GST has a
storage capacity of 600,000 Gallons. Both of these tanks are currently in functional condition with minor
damages related to parapet walls and plaster. The electro-mechanical components of these GSTs are also
in satisfactory condition. The details of these Ground Storage Tanks are provided as annexure to this
report.
33

Figure 27: Water Ponding beside Rehmatwala GST Figure 28: Rehmatwala GST Khushab
There are around 4 Filtration Plants within the boundary of MC Khushab. All of these filtration plants are
Ultra-filtration plants are in dire condition. The civil structure is damaged. The tiles and outside walls have
algae and fungal growth creating a very unhygienic condition for a drinking water collection point. The
condition of these filtration plants is evident from the pictures below.
Figure 29: Filtration plant beside PHED office Khushab

Section 3
3.1.5. WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES
The water supply pipelines of Khushab cover approximately 60-70% area of the city. These pipelines are
of varying diameter and materials like PVC, CI, MS, GRP and AC. The condition of water supply distribution
network is mostly satisfactory with minor leakages. The force main from the tube wells however, is
undersized (24” AC). Bursting of pipe and leakages are common and creates a hurdle in the supply of
water to the city.
30%
City Coverage
70%
Not covered area
34

Figure 30: Pie Chart showing water supply pipelines coverage of Khushab
Figure 31: Baseline Water Supply System in Khushab City

Section 3

Table 17: Estimated Water Demands for Khushab City
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040
Population
35
133,825 143,315 160,650 201,865

Domestic Demand 33
GPCD (including 20% 4,416,225 4,729,395 5,301,450 6,661,545
NRW)
Industrial (Cottage
10% of Domestic 441,622.5 472,939.5 530,145 666,154.5
Demand
Institutional
(Educational,
Institutions and 441,622.5 472,939.5 530,145 666,154.5
Hospitals) 10% of
Domestic Demand
Commercial (Shops &
15% of Domestic 662,433.75 709,409.25 795,217.5 999,231.75
Demand
Average Day Demand
(MG/D) 5.96 6.38 7.16 8.99
Max Day Demand

8.94 9.58 10.74 13.49
(MG/D)
Section 3
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Population Domestic Demand Industrial (Cottage Institutional Commercial (Shops
33 GPCD (including industries, (Educational, & Restaurants
20% NRW) Factories) 10% of Institutions and etcetera.) 15% of
Domestic Demand Hospitals) 10% of Domestic Demand
Domestic Demand
2022 2025 2030 2040 36

Figure 32: Estimated Water Demand in Khushab City

Average and Maximum Day Demand
25
20
13.49
15
10.74
8.94 9.58
10
5 7.16 8.99
5.96 6.38
0
2022 2025 2030 2040
Average Day Demand (MG/D) Max Day Demand (MG/D)
Figure 33: Average and Maximum Day Demand
 Design Criteria
Section 3
Pn = Po (1+r)n
Where,

Growth rate in case of Khushab city is taken as 2.31% as per 2017 Census report of Pakistan.

Urban Unit
Section 3
3.3. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS IN KHUSHAB

3.3.1. SHORT - TERM PLAN
The Short-Term plan for Khushab is focused on rehabilitation of water supply infrastructure to make it
functional at 100% capacity. Rehabilitation of sixteen (16) tube wells is thus proposed during this phase.
Moreover, capacity enhancement of these tube wells is also proposed and it is recommended to upgrade
these tube wells from 0.5 cusecs to 1 cusec each. The force main (24“AC) is also proposed to be replaced
by 36” HDPE pipeline. Construction of 2 new Overhead Reservoirs of 100,000 Gallons in Khushab is also
included in this phase. Water Proofing of Rehmatwala GST is also proposed to protect It from waste water
accumulated adjacent to it.
Other than these interventions, solar energy potential for public buildings can also be explored as this 38
energy can be used to power nearby WSS infrastructure. DPS Khushab and the Sarwar Shaheed Library

are such sites in the city with a DC potential of almost 671 and 25.9 Kw each and if properly harnessed
can provide clean and sustainable solution to power this infrastructure. A canal-top solar power project
is proposed for 1-L Khushab Minor canal to supply renewable energy to Water Works nearby and make
it self-sustainable.
Table 18: WS Short - Term Interventions in Khushab City
Water Supply Short - Term Interventions

Infrastructure ▪ Rehabilitation/Upgradation of 16 Tube wells from 0.5-cusec
to 1-cusec
▪ Construction of 2 new OHR of 100,000 Gallons
▪ Water Proofing of Rehmatwala GST
Machinery ▪ Chlorinators / Bulk Meters
Pipelines ▪ Replacement of Force Main of 24” AC with 36” HDPE
pipeline
Renewable / Solar ▪ Canal Top Solar System at 1-L Khushab Minor
aforementioned population and water demand. The Extension of Water Supply Scheme in Khushab city
is thus proposed which includes the construction of twenty-one (21) tube wells of 1-cusec capacity each
along river Jhelum. Two (2) Ground Storage Tanks of 400,000 Gallons and Two (2) Overhead Reservoirs of
100,000 Gallons are also proposed with a 36” HDPE rising main to integrate these tube wells with the
existing water supply system of the city. The locations of these new Tube wells, Overhead Reservoirs and
Section 3
Storage Tanks have been shown in the proposed intervention map however these locations are tentative
and can be changed as per the requirement of the stakeholders involved.
Construction of five (5) new Ultrafiltration Plants is also proposed during the medium-term phase. A
Distribution Network Improvement Zone (DNI Zone) is proposed to be established in Islampura area of
Khushab.
Table 19: WS Medium-Term Interventions in Khushab City
Water Supply Medium - Term Interventions

Infrastructure Tubewells:
▪ New 21 no. of Tube wells each of 1-Cusec.

▪ New 2 No. OHRs (100,000 Gallons each)
Ground Storage Tanks (GSTs):

▪ New 2 No. GSTs (400,000 Gallons each)
39

DNI Zone:
▪ Establishment of Distribution Network Improvement Zone
for Islampura, Khushab
▪ Bulk Meters
In the long-term phase, construction of Training Center for technical training of MC sanitary staff is
proposed. Construction of a Water Quality Lab is also proposed during long term for the effective
monitoring of water quality in the city.
The water infrastructure of the city was replaced during the medium term and hence, water metering is
proposed during the long-term phase in order to quantify the water supply to the city.
Table 20: WS Long Term Interventions for Khushab City
WS Long - Term Interventions

Machinery ▪ Water Meters / Flow Meters
Back – up Store ▪ Establishment of Water Quality Lab
Training Center ▪ Establishment of Training Center at MC Khushab

Section 3
Table 21: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Khushab City
Sr. Plan
Project Title Justification & Scope
# Period
Rehabilitation of sixteen (16) no. of ▪ Capacity enhancement of malfunctioned

Tubewells – Shahpur Water Supply Tubewells (enhance to 1 cusecs)
Scheme & Replacement of existing ▪ Undersized pipe (24” AC pipe)
undersized pipe – Shahpur Water replacement with (36” HDPE pipe) & 02
1 Supply Scheme new OHRs (100,000 GLNS each)
Short ▪ Water Proofing of 01 existing GSTs as
Term sewage water infiltrates in the existing
(2025)
40
tanks (Rehmat Wala)
Provision of 60 Kw Solar system for ▪ Utilization of Public land to reduce O&M

waterworks on Irrigation canal (1L of WSS Infrastructure and encourage
2
Khushab Minor) sustainability to provide uninterrupted
power supply
Extension of water supply scheme ▪ Current Supply Infra. will be not be able to
for unserved areas (Jhok Badshah, meet Water Demand of Year 2030 hence
Ahemadpura & Hussainabad Wasti) demand will be more than yield
and fulfil targeted water demand. ▪ 05 Ultrafiltration Plants in MC owned
Medium Includes construction of 21 (1 open area/Parks -Outnumbered (public
3 Term
Cusecs) Tubewells & 02 GST/WW reported long queue in summer)
(2030)
(400,000 GLNS) and 02 (100,000 ▪ DNI Zone with SCADA
GLN) OHRs with 36” HDPE rising
main and establishment of DNI
Zone in Islampura
Training Center with integrated ▪ Training of WSS officials for: Asset

Water Quality Lab and Water Management, Geo Tagging of WSS
Long Metering of the whole city Infrastructure, O&M of E&M equipment
4 Term
& Water Quality Testing Lab
(2040)
establishment
▪ Metering to avoid wastage of clean water
Section 3
41

Figure 34: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Khushab City
B. SEWERAGE SYSTEM – KHUSHAB

Provision of sewerage services in Khushab is the responsibility of MC Khushab. The sewerage schemes
Municipal Committee Khushab for its Operation and Maintenance. The current sewerage system of
Khushab is practically non-existent. Only the posh areas of Satellite Town and Ansar Colony have
sewerage with only one disposal station. The disposal station disposed the waste water into fields via a
sludge carrier. The sewerage system of Khushab is thus in sub-standard condition that needs to be
immediately addressed.

The existing sewerage system of Khushab consists of only one disposal station and a sludge carrier. The
sewerage system is practically non-existent with majority of the city using open drains and roadside
ponds/drains to drain their waste away from the city. The sewer lines are laid on only the posh areas of
Satellite Town and Ansar Colony and have a spread of almost 10% of the city. The disposal station is
operated as required and disposes the waste water in to the sludge carrier, that carries the waste to the
agricultural fields.
Section 3
The outskirt areas of the city are still deprived of proper sewerage network. Open drains are a common
sight. Overall, the existing Sewerage disposal system is not sufficient to meet current and future waste
disposal demand of the city & condition of the existing structure especially sewerage lines needs attention
so that it is properly disposed-off.
Table 22: Urban Sewerage infrastructure in Khushab
Disposal Stations 1
Operational 1
Non-Operational 0
Operational 0
Non-Operational 0
Sewer Lines
City Coverage 10% 42

3.4.1. CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF ASSETS
inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is also evaluated as “C” which indicates that there is
some deterioration or defects, but the function is not significantly affected.
Table 23: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Khushab
Assets Rating
Civil Structure D
Sewerage Network C
There is only one Disposal Station in Khushab city which serves the areas of Satellite Town and Ansar
Colony. This disposal was constructed in 2010, but is in extremely deteriorating condition due to neglect
and lack of maintenance. The waste gets accumulated in the wet well and the pumps are only used once
the well is about to overflow. The waste water is carried through Sludge carrier to the outskirts of the
cities and is used for agricultural purposes. The sludge carrier is also incomplete.
Section 3
Figure 35: Disposal Station Satellite Town Khushab
The civil structure of the Disposal Station of Khushab is in dire condition. The well has cracking and spalling.
Honey combing of concrete is observed indicating poor workmanship. Plaster is spalled due to action of
Sulphur and other gases. The electrical and mechanical components are also barely functional with no 43
maintenance whatsoever.

Figure 36: Condition of Sludge Carrier of Disposal Station Khushab
The sewerage network consists of RCC pipes of diameters ranging from 9” to 24”. These sewer lines have
an approximate spread of 10% of the city. These pipelines are in satisfactory condition.
Treatment Plant in Khushab City
Section 3

demand for the citizens of the city. The current sewage generation of Khushab is almost 10.95 MGD which
is expected to rise up to 16.52 MGD at the end of 2040.
Based on the current and projected populations for the Municipal Committee, the proposed water
demand of 33 Gallons per Capita per Day, the current (2022) and future (2025, 2030 and 2040) waste
water flows are calculated and shown in the table below.
Table 24: Estimated Sewage Flow of Khushab City
Sewerage Flow (Million Gallons per Day)
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040
Existing Urban
Boundary
Existing Urban
Boundary
Existing Urban
Boundary
Existing Urban
Boundary 44
Population (Khushab
133,825 143,315 160,650 201,865

MC)
Average Sewage Flow
for 33 GPCD (including 3.53 3.78 4.24 5.33
20% NRW)
Peak Sewage Flow 7.07 7.57 8.48 10.66
Storm Water Flow
3.53 3.78 4.24 5.33
(50%)
Non Domestic Flows
(5%) 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.27
Infiltration (5%) 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.27

Total Sewage Flow
10.95 11.73 13.15 16.52
(MG/D)
Section 3
25
20
15
10
0
Population Average Peak Sewage Storm Water Non Domestic Infiltration (5%) Total Sewage
(Khushab MC) Sewage Flow Flow Flow (50%) Flows (5%) Flow (MG/D)
(In 10000) for 33 GPCD
(including 20%
NRW)
2022 2025 2030 2040
45
Figure 37: Total Sewerage Flow

 Design Criteria
50% of the Average Water Demand as Khushab City lies in the Northern Zone of Punjab. Non-Domestic
Flows and Infiltration as 5% of the Average Water Demand is used.

The Short-Term interventions of Khushab are focused on rehabilitation of water supply infrastructure of
the city and hence, no major intervention related to Sewerage is proposed in this section.
Establishment of Backup Store, Mobile Workshop Unit and Procurement of machinery is proposed during
the short-term phase.
Table 25: Sewerage Short - Term Interventions in Khushab City
Sewerage Short - Term Interventions

Machinery ▪ Procurement of 2 Sucker and 2 Jetting machines
Back – up Store ▪ Establishment of backup store with mobile

workshop unit
Section 3
The Medium-Term Plan of Khushab is focused on providing sewerage system for the unserved areas of
the city to cater for the increase in the future population and sewage flow of the city. This includes laying
of sewer lines and 9 km trunk sewer (54” and 36” diameters).
Table 26: Sewerage Medium - Term Interventions in Khushab City
Sewerage Medium - Term Interventions

Infrastructure ▪ Sewer lines in Khushab city
▪ Truck Sewer of length = 9 km and diameter (36”
and 54”)

46
In the long-term phase, a Waste Water Treatment Plant of capacity 20 MGD is proposed to be constructed

in order to treat the waste water from the city before disposing it in to the fields.
Table 27: Sewerage Long - Term Interventions for Khushab City
Sewerage Long - Term Interventions

Infrastructure Wastewater Treatment Plant
▪ New Waste Water Treatment Plants of 20 MGD
each
Section 3
Table 28: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Khushab City
1. Short – Term Establishment of back-up store, ▪ Procurement of Machinery,

(2025) mobile workshop unit and Store for backup spares and
machinery procurement (02 mobile workshop units for
sucker & 02 jetting) machines repair & maintenance
2. Medium – Comprehensive Sewerage ▪ Sewerage Network almost
Term (2030) Scheme for Khushab City doesn’t exist and mixing of
including 9 KM Trunk Sewer (36” sewage ponds with water
and 54” dia) HDPE material with supply pipeline causing
sewerage network and open
drains for all the unserved areas in
inconvenience to the nearby
locals.
47
the city ▪ Scheme encompasses Trunk

sewers, sewerage & drain
network with disposal
stations
▪ WWTP
3. Long – Term Construction of Waste Water ▪ Construction of Oxidation
(2040) Treatment Plant (Oxidation Pond) Pond, sullage carriers and
- 20 MGD pump houses for treatment
of Waste Water of ultimate
disposal site
Section 3
48

Figure 38: Proposed Spatial Sewerage Interventions for Khushab City
Section 4
04 Water Supply &

Sanitation – Mianwali
A. WATER SUPPLY – MIANWALI
Mianwali City water supply is mainly managed by Municipal Committee (MC) Mianwali after Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED) designs and executes the water supply schemes in the city. Mianwali lies
on the edge of River Indus and the groundwater in Mianwali district is sweet and fit for drinking with little
to no TDS and contamination issues. People of Mianwali use MC water supply schemes but majority have
household bores to fulfill their water demand. The household bores however, present a challenge as it
can lead to overexploitation of underground water reserves. The MC owned water schemes are although
49
operational, but their supply capacity is very less as compared to actual demand of the city and hence

intervention related to water are required to close this demand-supply gap.

The water supply system of Mianwali is insufficient as compared to the actual water demand of the city.
According to the latest census, the population of Mianwali is almost 130,743 in 2022 with, which is
expected to rise up to approximately 184,000 in the year 2040. There are a total of 11 MC owned water
supply schemes in the city out of which 10 are operational. The total number of water connections in
Mianwali are approximately 8000. The underground water is sweet and easy availability of fresh water
has led to majority of population of the city relying on bores to fulfill their water demand. This is also the
reason why most of the people are unwilling to pay for MC water supply schemes. Most of these schemes
have outlived their design life with the most recent ones installed in 2004. There are about 7 water supply
schemes installed by PHED after that but they have not yet been handed over to the MC.
All the water supply schemes rely on tube wells to extract the underground water. Overhead Reservoirs
are present in the city but not a single one of them is functional as direct pumping is preferred in the city.
The tube wells feed the water supply network of the city, which is interconnected with each other such
that one dysfunctional tube well does not affect the supply of water to the area. The overall water supply
distribution network of Mianwali city covers about 70-80% of the city, providing safe and clean water to
the residents of the city.
Table 29: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Mianwali City
Tube wells 11
Operational 10
Non-Operational 1
Section 4
Operational 0
Non-Operational 5
Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Mianwali City

12
10
50
2
0
Tube wells Overhead Reservoir Water Supply Pipeline

Operational Non-Operational
Figure 39: Bar Chart depicting Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Mianwali City
With regard to condition assessment of the water supply system, overall civil structure has been
evaluated as in condition “B”, which indicates that only minor deteriorations and defects are evident. The
overall electro-mechanical components as well as the distribution network has been evaluated as having
condition “C” meaning that some deterioration or defects are evident but the function is not significantly
affected.
Table 30: Asset Rating in Mianwali City
Assets Rating
Civil Structure B
Electrical Components & Machinery C
4.1.2. TUBE WELLS
The MC owns a total of 11 tube wells, 10 out of which are operational. These tube wells have a discharge
capacity of 0.5 to 1 cusecs and are part of various water supply schemes spread across the city. The details
Section 4
of these tube wells are provided as annexure to this report. These tube wells were installed during various
phases as the population of the city grew with the most recent ones built in 2004. Some of the older tube
wells do not have a pump house and are installed open to sky with a simple corrugated sheet acting as a
shed to protect against the elements. The newer tube wells had pump houses that were in satisfactory
condition with minor repairs required. The number of tube wells in the city are insufficient as compared
to the demand of the city and additional tube wells are needed to fulfill this demand-supply gap.
The civil structure of tube wells was in satisfactory condition (most of these tube well did not have any
pump house). The tube well that did not have any pump house had rusted motors and open electrical
wiring was observed in almost all the cases. Chlorinators were present in some of the tube wells but not
in all.
The picture below shows different tube wells installed at different locations across Mianwali.
51

Figure 40: Tube wells in Mianwali City
Figure 41: Civil structure and electrical components of tube wells in Mianwali City
Section 4
There are 5 Overhead Reservoirs in Mianwali city with a total storage capacity of 350,000 Gallons. All of
these Overhead Reservoirs are not functioning as direct pumping is preferred in the city. These OHRs were
constructed from 1971-1986 with different water supply schemes but are currently not working.
The pictures below show the different overhead reservoirs installed at different locations in Mianwali city.
52

Figure 42: Overhead Reservoirs across Mianwali City
There are around 4 Filtration Plants within the boundary of MC Mianwali. All of these are Ultrafiltration
Plants (UF).
These filtration plants are owned by MC Mianwali and only 2 of them are currently in working condition.
The water filtration plant of Hockey Stadium is shown in picture below.
Figure 43: Filtration Plant in Mianwali City

Section 4
The water distribution network of Mianwali city has an approximate length of 150 km and covers about
70-80% of the city. The pipes are mostly of PVC and AC and have diameters ranging from 2” to 8”. The
condition of distribution network of most of the city was satisfactory with minor leakages at some places.
Water Supply Pipleine
Not Covered
area
20%
City Coverage
80%
53

City Coverage Not Covered area
Figure 44: Pie chart depicting Wayer Supply Pipelines coverage in Mianwali city
Figure 45: Baseline Water Supply System in Mianwali City

Section 4

Table 31: Estimated Water Demands for Mianwali City
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040

54
Population 130,743 138,419 152,227 184,114

Domestic Demand 33
GPCD (including 20% 4,314,519 4,567,827 5,023,491 6,075,762
NRW)
Industrial (Cottage
10% of Domestic 431,452 456,783 502,349 607,576
Demand
Institutional
(Educational,
Institutions and 431,452 456,783 502,349 607,576
Hospitals) 10% of
Domestic Demand
Commercial (Shops &
15% of Domestic 647,178 685,174 753,524 911,364
Demand
Average Day Demand
(MG/D) 5.82 6.17 6.78 8.20
Max Day Demand

8.74 9.25 10.17 12.30
(MG/D)
Section 4
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
Population Domestic Demand 33 Industrial (Cottage Institutional Commercial (Shops &
GPCD (including 20% industries, Factories) (Educational, Restaurants
NRW) 10% of Domestic Institutions and etcetera.) 15% of
Demand Hospitals) 10% of Domestic Demand
Domestic Demand
2022 2025 2030 2040

55
Figure 46: Estimated Water Demand for Mianwali City

Average and Maximum Day Demand
25
20
15 12.3
10.17
8.74 9.25
10
5 6.17 6.78 8.2

5.82
0
2022 2025 2030 2040
Average Day Demand (MG/D) Max Day Demand (MG/D)
Figure 47: Average and maximum day demand in Mianwali City
 Design Criteria
Section 4
Pn = Po (1+r)n
Where,
r = Population annual growth rate (taken from last Census Report 2017) 56
n = Number of years, counted from the base year

Growth rate in case of Mianwali city is taken as 1.92% as per 2017 Census report of Pakistan.
Urban Unit.
Section 4
4.3. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS IN MIANWALI

During the Short-term phase, the existing water supply network is updated to cater for the current water
demand of the city. Ten (10) new tube wells of 2-cusec capacity are proposed during this phase. Two (2)
new Overhead Reservoirs of 100,000 Gallons capacity are also proposed to provide storage and to link the
new network with the existing water supply distribution network of the city. One existing tube well is also
proposed to be rehabilitated to make it functional. Five (5) new Ultrafiltration Plants are also proposed in
this phase. The locations of these new Tube wells and Overhead Reservoirs have been shown in the
proposed intervention map however these locations are tentative and can be changed as per the
requirement of the stakeholders involved.
57
Other than these interventions, solar energy potential can also be explored as this energy can be used to

power nearby WSS infrastructure. A canal-top solar power project is proposed for Thal canal with a DC
potential of 4 MW, which can be used to supply renewable energy to Water Works nearby and make it
self-sustainable.
Table 32: WS Short - Term Interventions in Mianwali City

▪ Ten (10) new Tube wells in Mianwali city of 2-cusec each.
▪ Rehabilitation of one (1) existing tube well

▪ Construction of New 2 No. OHRs (100,000 Gallons each)
Filtration Plant:
▪ Construction of five (05) new Ultrafiltration Plant
▪ Bulk Meters / Flow Meters
Solar / Renewable ▪ Canal top solar system for Thal Canal
During the Medium-term phase, the existing water supply network is updated to cater for the current
water demand of the city. Eight (8) new tube wells of 2-cusec capacity are proposed during this phase.
Two (2) new Overhead Reservoirs of 100,000 Gallons capacity are also proposed to provide storage and
to link the new network with the existing water supply distribution network of the city. Five (5) new
Section 4
Ultrafiltration Plants are also proposed in this phase. The locations of these new Tube wells and Overhead
Reservoirs have been shown in the proposed intervention map however these locations are tentative and
can be changed as per the requirement of the stakeholders involved.
Table 33: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Mianwali City

▪ Eight (08) new Tube wells in Mianwali city of 2-cusec each.

▪ Construction of New 2 No. OHRs (100,000 Gallons each)
Filtration Plant:
▪ Construction of five (05) new Ultrafiltration Plant
▪ Bulk Meters / Flow Meters
58

4.3.3. LONG - TERM PLAN
In the long-term phase interventions, rehabilitation of Training Center in MC Mianwali along with a water
quality lab is proposed. This facility would provide training relevant to WSS sector operation and practices
to the sanitary workers and other staff. House metering of served areas of Mianwali along with
establishment of Distribution Network Improvement Zone (DNI Zone) for the area of Wandi Sayeddan
Wali and Mohallah Jinnah Hospital is also proposed for long term phase.
Table 34: WS Long Term Interventions for Mianwali City
Water Supply Long - Term Interventions

Machinery ▪ House Water Metering
DNI Zone ▪ Establishment of DNI Zone in Wandi Sayeddan Wali and
Mohallah Jinnah Hospita
Training Center ▪ Establishment of Training Center at MC Mianwali
Section 4
Table 35: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Mianwali City
1. Short – Term Extension of Water Supply ▪ Current Infra. can only fulfil
(2025) Scheme including construction of around 30% of the Water
10 new Tube-wells (2 cusecs) with Demand in year 2025
02 (100,000 GLNS) OHR, ▪ Bore Failure (New Tube-well
Rehabilitation of new one (01) bore is required)
Tube-well (of existing scheme) & ▪ Outnumbered functional
provision of 05 Ultrafiltration water treatment plant &
Plants tube-wells
2. Medium – New Water Supply Scheme ▪ Existing Water Supply will be
Term (2030) including construction of 08 new able to fulfil around 60% of
Tubewells (2 Cusecs) & two (02) the Water Demand year 59
Over Head Reservoir (100,000 2030 hence more

GLNS each) for Turabaz Town, infrastructure will be needed
Wandhi, Roshan Wali, Awanpur, ▪ Unaddressed areas coverage
Mohammadi Town and Shaheen
Town area and construction of
(05) Ultrafiltration Plants in
Government schools
3. Long – Term Construction of Training Center ▪ Training of WSS officials for

(2040) with integrated Water Quality ▪ Asset Management, Geo
Lab Tagging of WSS
Infrastructure, O&M of
Electrical & Mechanical
equipment and Water
Quality Testing Lab
establishment
4. Metering of the Water Supply ▪ Metering of Water Supply
Registered Connections and connections for billing and
Establishment of DNI Zone in demoting wastage and
Wandi Sayeddan Wali & irresponsible use
Mohallah Jinnah Hospital ▪ DNI Zone with SCADA,
meters and related
Infrastructure
Section 4
60

Figure 48: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Mianwali City
B. SEWERAGE SYSTEM MIANWALI

Provision of sewerage services in Mianwali is the responsibility of MC Mianwali. The sewerage schemes
Municipal Committee Mianwali for its Operation and Maintenance. The current sewerage system of
Mianwali city is insufficient and has completed its design life. The sewerage network of the city has an
approximate coverage of 70% of the city but is undersized as compared to the waste water generation of
the city. The sewerage of Mianwali is gravity based with only one disposal station that has been
abandoned. The sewerage system is thus in sub-standard condition that needs to be immediately
addressed.

The sewerage system of Mianwali city is sub-standard. Almost 70% area of the city is served by sewerage
schemes but these schemes are more than 30 years old. Majority of the pipelines have overflow issues
due to choking. The sewerage system is operated via gravity and is made up of RCC pipes ranging from
diameters 12” to 36”. The estimated overall length of sewer lines in the city is 155 km. The waste water
from the entire city is guided via drains and then disposed in to River Indus and agricultural fields.
Section 4
The overall system of drainage is also poor. Urban flooding and overflow is a common occurrence after
rain. The only underpass of the city gets filled with rain water and in closed even during the slightest of
rain. Overall, the existing Sewerage disposal system is not sufficient to meet current and future waste
disposal demand of the city & condition of the existing structure especially sewerage lines needs attention
so that it is properly disposed-off.
Table 36: Urban Sewerage infrastructure in Mianwali City
Disposal Stations 1
Operational 0
Non-Operational 1
Operational 0
Non-Operational 1
Sewer Lines
City Coverage 70%
61

A rating criterion for the assessment of sewer schemes has been developed in order to categorize the
current infrastructure system. To measure the condition, physical inspection and the performance
parameters are evaluated. Following table is used to rate the assets based on their condition.
Table 37: Asset Condition Assessment Criteria

C Fair
D Poor
F Failing
“C” which indicates some deteriorations are present but the overall functioning is not significantly
Section 4
affected. The distribution network as a whole is also evaluated as “D” which indicates serious
Table 38: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Mianwali
Assets Rating
Civil Structure C
Sewerage Network D
Electrical Components & Machinery C
The entire sewerage system of Mianwali is operated by gravity. There is only one disposal station present
in the city which has been abandoned. The waste water of the whole city is carried through drains to the
62
outskirts of the city. Sludge carries then carry the waste water to the agricultural fields ultimately

disposing in the River Indus.
The sewerage network of the city is made of RCC pipes of diameters ranging from 12” to 36”. Majority of
the sewer pipes are undersized. The sewerage network has an approximate coverage of 70% of the city
with an approximate length of 155 km.
wastewater through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria, and algae. There are two waste water treatment
plants in the city. Both of these have an approximate area of 3.5 acres.
Section 4
63

Figure 49: Baseline Sewerage map of Mianwali City

demand for the citizens of the city. The current population of the city is approximately 130,000 with total
wastewater flow of 10.70 MGD. The current capacity of the sewerage system of the city is lesser than the
waste water generated by the city.
Based on the current and projected populations for the Municipal Committee and the proposed water
water flows are calculated and shown in the table below.
Table 39: Estimated Sewage Flow of Mianwali City
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040

Population 130,743 138,419 152,227 184,114
Section 4
Average Sewage Flow

20% NRW)
Peak Sewage Flow 6.90 7.31 8.04 9.72
Storm Water Flow
3.45 3.65 4.02 4.86
(50%)
Non-Domestic Flows
(5%) 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.24
Infiltration (5%) 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.24

Total Sewage Flow
10.70 11.33 12.46 15.07
(MG/D)
20
18
16
14
64
12

10
8
6
4
2
0
Population Average Peak Sewage Storm Water Non Domestic Infiltration (5%) Total Sewage
Sewage Flow Flow Flow (33%) Flows (5%) Flow (MG/D)
for 33 GPCD
(including 20%
NRW)
2022 2025 2030 2040
Figure 50: Estimated Sewage Flow of Mianwali City
 Design Criteria
50% of the Average Water Demand as Mianwali City lies in the Northern Zone of Punjab. Non-Domestic

Section 4
The Short-Term interventions of Mianwali are focused on rehabilitation of water supply infrastructure of
the city and hence, no major intervention related to Sewerage is proposed in this section.
The Medium Term Plan of Mianwali is focused on providing sewerage system for the unserved areas of
the city to cater for the increase in the future population and sewage flow of the city.
Table 40: Sewerage Medium Term Interventions in Mianwali City
Sewerage Medium - Term Interventions

Infrastructure ▪ Sewer lines in Mianwali City
4.6.3. LONG TERM PLAN 65

In the long-term phase, interventions are focused on the water supply infrastructure of the city and
hence, no major interventions related to sewerage is proposed in this section.
Table 41: Proposed Sewerage Projects Interventions for Mianwali City
Plan
Sr. # Project Title Justification & Scope
Period
Provision of Sewerage Pipe Network & Open ▪ Non-existent Sewerage

Medium Term
Drains for unserved and/or partially served Network

▪ Outlived pipeline prompting
(2030)
areas: Balo Khel, Mohallah Kaala, Watta Khel,

1
Civil Line, Wandhi Roshan Wali, Awanpur leakages and polluting nearby
Mianwali, Turabaz Town, Bithian, Kot Amir water bodies and network
Khan, Jinnah Colony and Penu Kheyl Town
4.6.4. URBAN SEWERAGE SCHEME FOR MIANWALI CITY
An urban sewerage scheme for Mianwali city is designed by Public Health Engineering Department
(PHED). The scheme includes a gravity flow sewerage system, that carries the sewerage of the entire city
through RCC sewer pipes of diameter ranging from 9” to 36”. The waste water is then carried through
truck pipes of 36” diameter to Waste Water Treatment Plant. The schemes include construction of new
Section 4
disposal in the outskirts of city as well as a construction of Waste Water Treatment Plant along with a
Super Disposal.
The details of the Sewerage Schemes are provided in the table below:
Table 42: Urban Sewerage Scheme for Mianwali City by PHED
Name of Project Scheme Revamping/Comprehensive Sewerage and Drainage including Tough Tile
and PCC scheme for Mianwali City
GS No. 1695
Project ID 38258
Designed by Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering Department

(HUD & PHED)
66
Figure 51: Proposed spatial Sewerage Interventions for Mianwali City

Section 5
05 Water Supply &

Sanitation – Bhakkar
A. WATER SUPPLY – BHAKKAR
Bhakkar City water supply is mainly managed by Municipal Committee (MC) Bhakkar after Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED) designs and executes the water supply schemes in the city. The
groundwater in Bhakkar district unlike Sargodha is sweet and fit for drinking with little to no TDS and
contamination issues. This has however led to overexploitation of underground water reserves as almost
every household in Bhakkar is using private bores to extract underground water and fulfill their water
demand. The reliance of public on household bores has also led to abandonment of MC water supply
67
schemes as people are unwilling to pay for a service they don’t need. Most of the water supply schemes

in city are currently non-functional with the main reason being non-payment of WAPDA dues and lesser
number of connections. A water quality lab is established by PHED in Bhakkar city and is currently
monitoring the water quality situation in Bhakkar district. Minor Arsenic issues were reported in urban
areas of Bhakkar by PHED but overall quality of underground water in Bhakkar is satisfactory

Bhakkar water supply is not fulfilling the required water demand. According to the latest census, there
are approximately 17,000 households in Bhakkar MC, out of which only 552 households have MC water
supply connection. Almost 70% area of MC Bhakkar receives water from MC supplied water schemes. A
total of nine (09) MC owned water supply schemes are currently present in Bhakkar city. These water
supply schemes are installed during 1950-1990. These schemes are outlived and have completed their
design life. Only 2 out of these 9 water supply schemes are currently functional. Most of the schemes are
non-functional due to non-payment of WAPDA dues as people are unwilling to pay for water supplied by
MC. Hence, there is a need to rectify these service delivery gaps in order to provide a sustainable plan for
the water supply system
In Rural areas schemes designed by PHED are handed over to relevant CBOs. There are total of 12 water
supply schemes that were completed during 1984-1998. Out of these only one scheme present in
Mankera is currently functional. Vast distances and availability of sweet fresh underground water at a
shallow depth is the major issue of abandonment of these water schemes.
The water supply system in Bhakkar is supplied by tube wells constructed at various locations in the city.
Over-Head Reservoirs are constructed adjacent to these tube wells that serves as storage for the network.
The water supply pipelines are old and have leakages. These schemes are interconnected; if one or two
tube wells are dysfunctional, other tube wells in the vicinity and OHRs feed the system thus catering for
emergency needs. There are no Ground Storage Tanks or Water Works present in MC Bhakkar. Almost
Section 5
70% area of MC Bhakkar currently has water supply pipelines but only approximately 20% area of the city
(mostly Mandi Town) is currently being served by water supply schemes.
Table 43: Urban Water Supply Infrastructure in Bhakkar City
Tube wells 9
Operational 7
Non-Operational 2
Operational 2
Non-Operational 4
Ground Storage Tanks 0
Operational 0
Non-Operational
0
68

A rating criterion for the assessment of water supply have been developed in order to categorize the
Table 44: Condition Rating of Assets

C Fair
D Poor
F Failing
With regard to condition assessment of the water supply system, overall civil structure, machinery and
electrical components associated with water supply infrastructure present in the city has been evaluated
as “D” which indicates serious deterioration in at least some portion of the structure and the function
Section 5
being inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is evaluated as “C” meaning that some
deterioration or defects are evident but the function is not significantly affected.
Table 45: Asset Rating in Bhakkar City
Assets Rating
Civil Structure D
5.1.2. TUBE WELLS
69
The MC owns a total of 9 tube wells, 2 of which are operational. These tube wells are of 0.5 cusec
discharge capacity and are part of different water supply schemes spread across the city. The details of
these tube wells are provided in Annexure A. These tube wells were installed during 1950-1990 and have

outlived their design life. Within the municipal limits, most households have private bores to cater for
their water needs. This has led to lesser number of connections for water supply schemes as people are
fulfilling their needs on their own. Lesser connections and outlived machinery is the major reason of
dysfunctional tube wells in the city. There are no chlorinators installed at any of the tube well. These tube
wells also have no pump-houses and are installed open to sky with a simple corrugated steel sheet acting
as a shed to protect against the elements. The quarter rooms are provided but are in dire condition. The
number of tube wells in the city are also insufficient to cater for demand of the whole city and additional
wells are required to fulfill this demand-supply gap.
The pictures below show the different tube wells installed at different locations in Bhakkar.
Figure 52: Tube wells at different location in Bhakkar City

Section 5
There are a total of 6 Overhead Reservoirs in Bhakkar city with a total storage capacity of 270,000 Gallons.
Only 2 out of these 6 OHRs are currently in service with a total storage of 100,000 Gallons. These Overhead
Reservoirs are provided with tube wells to provide storage to the piped network in the city.
The pictures below show the different overhead reservoirs installed at different locations in Bhakkar city.
70
Figure 53: Overhead Reservoirs at different locations in Bhakkar City

There are around 4 Filtration Plants within the boundary of MC Bhakkar. All of these are Ultrafiltration
Plants (UF). The MC Bhakkar currently does not claim these and these filtration plants are operated and
maintained by a private NGO. All of these filtration’s plants are functional and in satisfactory condition.
The water is supplied through AC, CI and PVC pipelines laid throughout the city. These pipes vary from 3”
to 6” diameter pipes. Most of the pipes are more than 30 years old and have outlived their usable life.
The water supply pipelines in the area of Mandi Town are in better condition as compared to rest of the
city.
Figure 54: Baseline Water Supply System in Bhakkar City
Section 5

71
Section 5

Table 46: Estimated Water Demands for Bhakkar City
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040

72
Population 128,620 138,996 158,184 204,873

Domestic Demand 33
GPCD (including 20% 4,244,451.83 4,586,882.76 5,220,086.40 6,760,795.43
NRW)
Industrial (Cottage
10% of Domestic 424,445.18 458,688.28 522,008.64 676,079.54
Demand
Institutional
(Educational,
Institutions and 424,445.18 458,688.28 522,008.64 676,079.54
Hospitals) 10% of
Domestic Demand
Commercial (Shops &
15% of Domestic 636,667.77 688,032.41 783,012.96 1,014,119.31
Demand
Average Day Demand
(MG/D) 5.73 6.19 7.05 9.13
Max Day Demand

8.60 9.29 10.57 13.69
(MG/D)
Section 5
Population of Bhakkar City

300,000
250,000
Population Density
200,000 204,873
158,184
150,000
138,996
128,620
100,000
50,000
0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
2022 2025 2030 2040
Figure 55: Estimated Population for Bhakkar City

73

Estimated Water Demand for Bhakkar City
14,000,000.00
Water Demand (Gallons /day)
12,000,000.00
10,000,000.00
8,000,000.00
6,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
0.00
2022 2025 2030 2040
Domestic Demand Industrial Demand

Institutional Demand Commercial Demand
Average day demand Maximum day demand
Figure 56: Estimated Water Demand for Bhakkar City
 Design Criteria
Section 5
Pn = Po (1+r)n
Where,

Growth rate in case of Bhakkar city is taken as 2.62% as per 2017 Census report of Pakistan.

Urban Unit
Section 5
5.3. PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS IN BHAKKAR

During the Short-term phase, the existing water supply network is upgraded and repaired to make it
functional. The Nine (9) tube wells of 0.5 cusec capacity in existing water supply schemes will be upgraded
to 1 cusec capacity. Moreover, pump houses will be constructed for these tube wells to provide shelter
against the elements. Chlorinators and Bulk meters are also to be provided. Valves and quarter rooms at
these tube wells will be repaired. 6 existing Overhead Reservoirs in the city are to be rehabilitated as well.
Two new Overhead Reservoirs of 50,000 Gallons are also proposed to be constructed during this phase.
The locations of these new Overhead Reservoirs have been shown in the proposed intervention map
however these locations are tentative and can be changed as per the requirement of the stakeholders
involved.
75

According to the conditional assessment of the distribution lines, more than 50% of the pipe lines are
outlived and require immediate interventions. Most of the pipes are corroded and damaged. It is
proposed to replace the old water supply pipelines of the city with HDPE ones.
Table 47: WS Short - Term Interventions in Bhakkar City

Infrastructure Tubewell:
▪ Upgradation of 9 no. existing Tube wells of 0.5-Cusec
capacity to 1-Cusec
Overhead Reservoir (OHR):

▪ Rehabilitation of 6 no. of OHRs (4 no. 50,000 Gallons, 1 no.
40,000 Gallons, 1 no. 30,000 Gallons)
▪ Construction of 2 no. of OHRs (50,000 Gallons)
Water Supply Pipe Line:

▪ Replacement of water supply pipeline of varying dia
▪ Bulk meter/ Flow meter
aforementioned population and water demand. These interventions include construction of 7 new tube
wells of 2 cusec discharge capacity each; including construction of pump houses, installation of
Section 5
chlorinators and bulk meters, and laying of pipes to connect these to the existing water supply network.
Two (2) new OHRs (50,000 Gallons each) are also proposed to be constructed during this phase.
DNI Zone is proposed for the area of Mandi Town. House metering of served areas will be initiated during
this phase as well. The locations of these new Overhead Reservoirs and Tube wells have been shown in
the proposed intervention map however these locations are tentative and can be changed as per the
requirement of the stakeholders involved.
Table 48: WS Medium - Term Interventions in Bhakkar City

▪ New 7 no. of Tube wells each of 2- Cusec

76
DNI Zone:

for Mandi Town Bhakkar
In the long-term phase interventions, new infrastructure will be installed in order to cater for the future
aforementioned population and water demand. These interventions include construction of 8 new tube
wells of 2 cusec discharge capacity each; including construction of pump houses, installation of
chlorinators and bulk meters, and laying of pipes to connect these to the existing water supply network.
Two (2) new OHRs (50,000 Gallons each) are also proposed to be constructed during this phase. The
locations of these new Overhead Reservoirs and Tube wells have been shown in the proposed
intervention map however these locations are tentative and can be changed as per the requirement of
the stakeholders involved.
Rehabilitation of Training Center in MC Bhakkar is also proposed. This facility would provide training
relevant to WSS sector operation and practices to the sanitary workers and other staff. A back-up store
with workshop for repair of MC machinery and vehicles is also proposed for long term.
Section 5
Table 49: WS Long Term Interventions for Bhakkar City
Water Supply Long - Term Interventions

▪ New 8 no. of Tube wells each of 2- Cusec

DNI Zone:
for Mandi Town Bhakkar
Back- up Store ▪ Establishment of Back – up store with workshop
Training Center ▪ Establishment of Training Center at MC Bhakkar 77

Table 50: Proposed WS Projects Interventions for Bhakkar City
1. Upgradation of Nine (09) ▪ Upgradation of 09 TWs (of 0.5

Tube-wells & Rehabilitation cusec capacity) to 1 cusec capacity
of Six (06) Over Head ▪ Construction of pump houses
Reservoirs in Bhakkar City and/or operator quarters for all 9
TWs
▪ Rehabilitation of 04 No. OHRs of
50,000 gallons capacity & 1 of
Short – Term 40,000- and 30,000-Gallons
(2025) capacity
2. Replacement of Water ▪ Replacement of old pipes of PVC,
Supply Pipelines of Bhakkar CI, AC with HDPE Pipes
City & Construction of Two ▪ Replacement of valves
(02) new Over Head ▪ Construction of two OHR of
Reservoir in Bhakkar City 50,000 Gallons capacity in
Bhakkar city
Section 5
3. New Water Supply scheme: ▪ Installation of 07 TWs of 2 cusecs

Construction of 7 No. of new each
Tube-wells in Bhakkar City & ▪ Construction of pump houses and
Two (02 No.) new Over Head operator rooms
Reservoir in Bhakkar City ▪ Extension of Water Supply
network to unserved areas of
Karor-Bhakkar Road, Darya Khan
Medium – Road North and Graveyard-
Term (2030) Gadola Road
▪ Construction of 02 OHRs of 50,000
Gallons capacity in Bhakkar city
4. Metering of all the served ▪ Installation of water meters in
areas of Bhakkar City and served areas of Bhakkar City
establishment of DNI Zone in ▪ DNI Zone with SCADA
Mandi Town
5. Extension of Water Supply ▪ Installation of 08 TWs of 2 cusecs
scheme including each 78
construction of 08 new ▪ Construction of pump houses and
Tube-wells & 02 new Over operator rooms

Head Reservoir in Bhakkar ▪ Provision of pipes to link to
City existing water network
▪ Construction of 02 OHR of 50,000
Gallons capacity in Bhakkar city
Long – Term
6. (2040) Rehabilitation of Training ▪ Store for backup spares and
Center in MC office Bhakkar mobile workshop units for quick
and establishment of back- repair & maintenance
up store ▪ Training of WSS officials for: Asset
Management, Geo Tagging of
WSS Infrastructure, O&M of E&M
equipment & Water Quality
Testing Lab establishment
Section 5
79
Figure 57: Proposed Spatial WS Interventions for Bhakkar City

Section 5
B. SEWERAGE SYSTEM BHAKKAR

Provision of sewerage services in Bhakkar is the responsibility of MC Bhakkar. The sewerage schemes are
designed and executed by Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) and then handed over to
Municipal Committee Bhakkar for its Operation and Maintenance. The current sewerage system of
Bhakkar city is insufficient and outlived. Choked and overflowing sewers are a common sight. Open
channels/drains are used which routinely get accumulated with solid waste. An old river creek passes
through the city and the waste of the city is either dumped in this creek or is disposed-off into water
ponds. This has created a highly unsanitary and sub-standard condition of sewerage in the city that needs
to be immediately addressed.

The sewerage system of Bhakkar city is sub-standard. Almost 60-70% area of the city is served by sewerage
schemes but these schemes are more than 30 years old. Majority of the pipelines are chocked and hence
unusable. This has reduced the sewerage coverage of the city to approximately 40-50%. Overflowing
sewers are a common site. Mainly RCC sewer pipes are currently present which are settled, chocked and 80
damaged at different locations. The existing sewer pipes diameters range from 9” to 30”. These sewers

carry the waste water to water ponds and old river creek (old creek of River Indus) that lie on the outskirts
of the city.
Mechanism of cleaning of sewer lines is traditional, making it more challenging and difficult for sanitary
staff to clean sewer lines as per standard. As a result, inundation can be observed in low income and
congested areas. The MC Bhakkar owns two Sucker and two Jetting machines. It must be mentioned here
that leakage of these sewerage pipes also pollutes water supply lines when penetrated into it.
Overall, the existing Sewerage disposal system is not sufficient to meet current and future waste disposal
demand of the city & condition of the existing structure especially sewerage lines needs attention so that
it is properly disposed-off.
Table 51: Urban Sewerage Infrastructure in Bhakkar City
Disposal Stations 6
Operational 3
Non-Operational 3
Operational 0
Non-Operational 0
Sewer Lines
Section 5
A rating criterion for the assessment of sewer schemes has been developed in order to categorize the
Table 52: Asset Condition Assessment Criteria

C Fair
D Poor
Function is inadequate 81

F Failing
inadequate. The distribution network as a whole is also evaluated as “D” which indicates serious
Table 53: Asset condition of Sewerage infrastructure in Bhakkar
Assets Rating
Civil Structure D
Sewerage Network D
There are a total of 6 Disposal Stations in Bhakkar city. 3 out of these 6 Disposals are currently functional.
The “Disposal Works Underpass” is operated only to drain storm water flow. These disposal stations were
built more than 30 years ago and have not been properly maintained. Most of the disposals have spalling
civil structures. The condition of wet wells is also highly deteriorated with spalled off plaster and cracks in
walls. No screening chamber is present in any of the disposal station in the city.
Section 5
The pumps and motors are in highly derogated condition and open wiring is used. The waste water from
the disposals is either carried to the fields or disposed-off into water ponds along the path of old river
creek (an old river creek of Indus).
Figure 58: Disposal Station in MC Bhakkar Figure 59: Waste Water being carried to fields 82

Figure 60: Inside Wet Well of Disposal Station Figure 61: Outside Wet Well of Disposal Station
Mandi Town
The sewerage network consists of RCC pipes of diameters ranging from 9” to 30”. Majority of the sewer
pipes are choked and damaged. The condition of pipelines in Mandi Town area is better as compared to
less of the city with little to no choking issues.
5.4.4. WATER PONDS AND OLD RIVER CREEK
Waste water of the city is dumped in water ponds along the path of old river creek. Old River creek is path
of an old creek of River Indus that once passed through Bhakkar. Water gets disposed into this creek
resulting in water ponds and stagnant pools of water. Moreover, solid waste is also dumped in these water
ponds further aggravating the issue and creating an extremely unsanitary scenario.
Section 5
Figure 62: Water Ponding in Bhakkar City Figure 63: Waste being dumped along Old River
Creek, Bhakkar City

83

Treatment Plant in Bhakkar City.

demand for the citizens of the city. The current population of the city is approximately 130,000 with total
wastewater flow of 10.70 MGD. The current capacity of the sewerage system of the city is lesser than the
waste water generated by the city.
Based on the current and projected populations for the Municipal Committee and the proposed water
water flows are calculated and shown below.
Table 54: Estimated Sewage Flow of Bhkkar City
Attributes 2022 2025 2030 2040

Population 128,620 138,996 158,184 204,873
Average Sewage Flow
20% NRW)
Peak Sewage Flow 7.2156 7.7977 8.8741 11.4934
Section 5
Storm Water Flow

2.3811 2.5732 2.9285 3.7928
(50%)
Non-Domestic Flows
(5%) 0.1804 0.1949 0.2219 0.2873
Infiltration (5%) 0.1804 0.1949 0.2219 0.2873

Total Sewage Flow
9.96 10.76 12.25 15.86
(MG/D)
Population of Bhakkar City

300,000
250,000
Population Density
200,000 204,873
84
158,184
150,000
138,996
128,620
100,000

50,000
0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
2022 2025 2030 2040
Figure 64: Population of Bhakkar District
Total Sewage Flow (MG/D)

2022
2025
2030
9.96
15.86 2040
10.76
12.25
Figure 65: Total Sewage Flow of Bhakkar District

Section 5
Estimated Sewage Flow of Bhakkar City
2040
Infiltration (5%)
2030
Non Domestic Flows 2025
2022
Storm Water Flow
Peak Sewage Flow
Average Sewerage Flow
0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000 12000000

85

Sewage Flow (Gallons/day)
Figure 66: Estimated Sewage Flow of Bhakkar City
 Design Criteria
50% of the Average Water Demand as Bhakkar City lies in the Northern Zone of Punjab. Non-Domestic

It is evident from aforementioned analysis that Bhakkar city lacks a proper sewerage system to dispose
the waste water generated by the city. There is also no Waste Water Treatment Plant to treat the polluted
water before disposing it in the fields. Also, the water ponding is a major issue that needs immediate
addressable as they not only create an unsanitary environment, but also acts as breeding grounds for
mosquitos and other diseases.
Fortunately, there is an Urban Sewerage Scheme for Bhakkar City designed by Public Health Engineering
Department (PHED) that is approved and already in execution phase. Once completed it will solve the
sewerage related issued of Bhakkar city. Therefore, no interventions related to sewage are proposed in
Bhakkar city as the schemes will cover all the major sewerage issues in the city.
Section 5
5.6.1. URBAN SEWERAGE SCHEME FOR BHAKKAR CITY
An urban sewerage scheme for Bhakkar city is designed by Public Health Engineering Department
(PHED) and is currently in construction phase. The scheme includes a gravity flow sewerage system, that
carries the sewerage of the entire city to Sial Road through RCC sewer pipes of diameter ranging from 9”
to 72”. The waste water is then carried through truck pipes of 72” diameter to Waste Water Treatment
Plant. The schemes include construction of new disposal in the outskirts of city as well as a construction
of Waste Water Treatment Plant along with a Super Disposal.
86

Figure 67: RCC Sewer pipes being casted for PHED Sewerage Scheme
The details of the Sewerage Schemes are provided in the table below:
Table 55: Urban Sewerage Scheme for Bhakkar City by PHED
Name of Project Urban Sewerage/Drainage PCC Slab & Brick Pavement in

Scheme Bhakkar City
GS No. 1438
Project ID 14232
Designed by Housing Urban Development & Public Health Engineering

Department (HUD & PHED)
Section 6
87
Figure 68: Proposed spatial Sewerage Interventions for Bhakkar City

Section 6
06 Rural WSS – Sargodha

Division
Drinking Water and Sanitation are the most essential elements for human life and its dignity. The
Government of Punjab also envisions providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to the entire
rural and urban communities in an equitable, efficient and sustainable manner.
Provision of safely managed drinking water (use of an improved drinking water source located on premises
that is accessible to all and is free from contamination on sustainable basis) and sanitation services to
rural population is the responsibility of the Government in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) Target-Goal 6.1 & 6.2- by 2030. Currently, only 48% Rural Punjab population is reported to have
88
access to safely managed water supply services, which seems to be far behind in achieving SDG 6 targets

and this clearly needs intervention by the higher end in order to improve the current situation of service
delivery in rural settlements.
Achieve universal
and equitable access
to safe and
affordable drinking
Achieve access to
water for all.
adequate and equitable
GOAL 6.1
sanitation and hygiene for
all and end open
defecation, paying special
attention to the needs of
women and girls and those
in vulnerable situations.
GOAL 6.2
By 2018, only 13 percent of rural households had access

to piped water, as compared to 29 percent of urban
households, but even where piped water was available,
less than 4% was piped into dwellings. These figures
bring attention towards existing disparities among
urban and rural areas. Concerning sanitation situation, Rural household Urban household
it is stated that 73 percent rural households are seen as accessed to piped accessed to piped
water (by 2018) water (by 2018)
Section 6
having access to improved sanitation. However, only 4.9 percent have access to flush/pour-flush latrines
connected to a sewer system, and another 50 percent have access to flush/pour-flush latrines connected
to septic tanks with any overflow leading to a communal drain.
It goes without saying that the need of the hour is the need of addressing the prevalent disparities and
inequalities of basic services in rural and urban settlements. This can truly stimulate significant progress
in course of achieving equitable growth and actualizing our SDG commitments. Furthermore, Reliable and
appropriate water infrastructure that allows for easy access to a safely managed water supply and
sanitation services will lead to an improved lifestyle of rural people, produce resultantly fit and dynamic
labor, escalate rural economies and create jobs.
Stakeholder Consultation in Inception Visit, Primary data collection from Public Health Engineering
Department (PHED), brief field survey assessment and secondary data available on Water and Sanitation
Sector (WSS) gave the team an insight about the existing state of WSS in rural areas of Sargodha Division
in Punjab. Current situational analysis stating 30% water and sewerage coverage pronounce that medium
level focus has been given in the past to invest for the provision of efficient municipal service delivery and
improve the living condition of people in rural areas.
89

6.1. BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF WSS SYSTEM
Punjab is the most populous province of
Pakistan with almost population of 110
million, out of which 63% (70 million) reside in
the rural areas. Sargodha is one of the
administrative divisions of Punjab having 18
tehsils and rural population of approximately
06 million as per census of 2017 indicating that
9% rural population of Punjab residing over
there. Rural area segment is very significant to
be analyzed and considered while developing
the regional sectoral plan as major chunk i.e.,
75% population of division lie in rural
settlements as compare to 25% in urban areas.
Division comprises of four districts with
Sargodha district encompasses largest while
Khushab least proportion of rural divisional
population. This section is written to cover the
current situation as well as future endeavors
Figure 69: Districts of Sargodha with Rural Population
of water and sewerage sector in rural areas
of four districts namely Sargodha, Mianwali,
Khushab and Bhakkar that lie in Sargodha Division. The aspect of disparities and inequities in services are
always found among districts as highlighted in one of the published WASH Scorecard report of UNICEF in
2019. Multiple indicators govern the WASH situation contribute towards the overall ranking of the
districts with respect to water and sanitation. Khushab is categorized in to lowest rank of 35 and 25 among
Section 6
all districts of Punjab with respect to rural water and sanitation index, which highlights the need of
immediate planning and respective interventions in the district. Overall, the captured water and
sanitation index and respective ranking of rural areas of four districts as depicted in figure xx makes the
basis for essential need of planning and implementing WASH interventions in the region.
90

Figure 70: Rural Water and Sanitation Index in Sargodha Division
Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) is the main department responsible for the installation or
execution of water supply and sanitation schemes in rural areas of Punjab. One of the major challenges
of Service Delivery in rural areas is the distribution of responsibilities to execute and operate the
infrastructure. PHED is responsible for execution or installation of the municipal services infrastructure,
which is currently handed-over to Community Based Organizations (CBOs) for its operation and
maintenance (O&M). The significant constraints behind the scene are absence of technical and financial
capacity of CBOs as well as conflicts and ownership concerns. Currently CBOs carrying out the O&M of
the installed water schemes are facing many challenges and issues due to low revenue collection, high
electricity cost, theft issues and other legal bindings as highlighted during the brief field assessment
carried out by Urban Unit team in January 2022.
Team carried out rapid assessment survey of rural areas in all four districts to have an overview of
prevailing service delivery situation and Community opinion regarding WSS services. Community voiced
for the need of water supply scheme in brackish areas of the division. Abandoned Water Supply
Infrastructure, absence of decentralized wastewater treatment plant and water ponding were some of
the issues observed during the field assessment visit. Glimpse of some of the consultation with rural
community are highlighted in figure below.
Section 6
Figure 71: Consultation of Urban Unit Team with Rural Community of Sargodha Division
91
6.1.1. WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

Currently both groundwater and canal seepage water are used as source of water for domestic usage and
especially for drinking purposes. Water is provided to the rural community through installed 540 water
supply schemes installed by PHED and maintained by CBOs in division. Schemes are based on tube wells
of different capacity installed mostly along canal. According to data provided by PHED, currently there
are total 376 water schemes in functional condition from total installed water schemes indicating that
30% of the infrastructure is Non-Functional. Total functional schemes currently serving only 28% of rural
divisional population.
It was informed by concerned CBOs that 164 water schemes are non-functional in division and
approximately 16% population is currently deprived of water supply due to this non-functional
infrastructure as per data provided by PHED in 2022. It is noted that Water schemes are in non-working
condition due to multiple reasons including failure of machinery, damaged rising main, bore failure, expiry
life, community conflicts and non-payment of WAPDA dues. Highest non-functionality rate of (60%) is
observed in Sargodha and minimum in Mianwali (15%) indicating the largest and least investment in
Mianwali and Sargodha respectively. Bhakkar is the case where mostly fresh water aquifer is present and
people are reluctant to pay for water, therefore, only 11 water schemes are installed among which all are
non-functional due to absence of willingness of community to pay.
People are using their own bores and hand pumps for meeting their water needs where PHED’ water
supply schemes are not present. However, it is pertinent to mention that division groundwater lies in
sweet to brackish water zones. Consumption of groundwater in sweet zone is of no concern while
consumption of own bore water without treatment in those identified brackish area may pose serious
impact on health of community and need immediate consideration as it is estimated that approximately
1 million of rural Sargodha population is residing in Brackish area.
Section 6
Summary of water supply infrastructure in rural areas of all districts of Sargodha is given in table while
detailed attributes of all water schemes are presented in Annexure. Functional and Non-Functional Rural
Water Supply Schemes in districts of Sargodha division are mapped and presented in map.
Table 56: Summary of Rural Water Schemes
Sargodha Khushab Bhakkar Mianwali
Pop 2017 2,612,543 928,469 1,390,404 1,217,699

Total TWs 156 159 12 213
Functional TWs 65 131 1 179
Non-Functional TWs 91 28 11 34
Served Pop due to Functional TWs 1,024,023
345,895 506,820 21,129
(2022)
No of Unserved Villages (No RWSS) 734 173 515 166 92
It is also noted that Ultrafiltration (UF) plants were installed and present in Bhakkar District but all of

these are abandoned. Neither PHED/CBOs wants to operate due to high electricity cost and absence of
revenue nor community have aspirations because of presence of fresh water aquifer zone in district. It
is pertinent to mention that there are still approximately 1500 villages, which are deprived of water
supply infrastructure with stating 80% unserved population in Sargodha Division.
Figure 72: Rural Water Schemes in Sargodha Division

Section 6
6.1.2. WATER QUALITY
The Urban Unit has carried out an analysis of available UNICEF Water Quality Data, PSLM & MICS data
about WASH in Punjab Spatial Strategy, which resulted in to Spatial Mapping of districts of Punjab.
According to that analysis, medium to high level WASH Interventions are needed among districts of
Sargodha division.
PCRWR conducted water quality testing in Sargodha city 2021, which reflected 83% contamination in
drinking water sources due to microbial contamination, excessive Chloride, Nitrate, Hardness, Iron, and
TDS. Presence of excessive brackish water was reported in the study area due to major contribution from
Sodium and Chloride ions. Such high level of microbial contamination is directly linked with reported
Infant mortality rate of 72% in Sargodha according to latest MICS report.
UNICEF & PHED carried out detailed screening of water quality in rural areas of whole Punjab in 2014-16.
This is only recent data set available on such a large scale in Punjab. Samples were taken from multiple
sources and analysis of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Arsenic, Nitrate and Fluoride was carried out at that
time. Presence of 9-40% TDS pollution in water of Sargodha division with minimum contamination of 9%
93
in Bhakkar and maximum in Sargodha district clearly calls for the need of immediate mitigation

interventions in Sargodha District. Sargodha and Khushab are classified as highly brackish zones while
Mianwali and Bhakkar lie in medium to sweet water zone. Water quality condition with extremely high
concentration of TDS say greater than 5000 ppm in groundwater aquifer due to presence of salt rock
aquifer in the region is alarming as imposes the serious health threats to approximately 1 million human
population residing and drinking that contaminated water. Slight Arsenic contamination (2%) with
maximum reported value of 100 ppb was also observed in some areas of Sargodha and Mianwali districts,
which may affect approximately 70,000 people residing and consuming groundwater in affected areas.
Data on Water quality TDS results at village level is presented in tabular form attached at Annexure.
Spatial overview of water quality situation presented in map with indication of Identified hotspots of
Brackish and arsenic polluted villages need attention towards the need of immediate interventions of
installation of respective filtration plants to protect the human health. It is noted that PHED has its own
water quality testing laboratory facility in each of its district but water testing is carried out only on water
schemes sources or on demand basis.
Section 6
94

Figure 73: Shoot of Rural Water Quality Situation
6.1.3. SEWERAGE SYSTEM
Rural areas make major part of the districts because of having considerable population. It is very
unfortunate to mention that usually rural extents are neglected in comparison to urban areas in terms of
sanitation as indicated from disparity and inequity figures reported by UNICEF in its published reports.
The negligence in investment consequently result in to the poor health and lower standard of living.
Although the provision of equitable and safe drinking water and sanitation is the main responsibility of
Government and as well as right of people. Provision of proper sewerage and drainage system in rural
areas seems to be neglected because of multiple reasons such as absence of any company/organization
responsible for proper operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure, lack of funds, poor revenue
collection, absence of technical expertise and machinery. Currently PHED plan, design and execute the
sewerage and drainage schemes in rural areas whereas its operation and maintenance is mostly over-
looked by concerned CBOs. Sewerage system in rural areas is normally consist of open drains while
underground covered conduit system is rarely present in some villages. It is important to note that
currently sewerage system with 92% open drain type and 8% underground sewers is present in
approximately 700 villages of Sargodha division which make total of only approx. 33% coverage in rural
areas. While on the other hand, a large number of populations is still deprived of basis right of sewerage
facilities in 67% villages of division.
Section 6
Table 57: Overview of Sewerage Situation in Rural Sargodha
Sargodha, Bhalwal, Bhakkar,

Kot Momin, Bhera, Quaidabad/ Mankera,
Tehsil Name Mianwali
Sillanwali, Shahpur Noor Pur Darya Khan,
Saddar, Sahiwal Kallur Kot
Total No of Villages 835 313 580 255
Total no of Sewerage Schemes installed 38 3 27 7
No of Open Drains Schemes 424 - 1 134
No of Underground sewerage system
14 3 26 7
schemes
No of Unserved Villages 359 310 553 114
Wastewater Treatment Plant WWTP
NO No No No
95
(Yes/No)
No of Wastewater treatment Plant NO No N/A Zero
Technology of WWTP NO No N/A NA

The baseline data summary collected from concerned PHED regarding existing situation of sewerage and
drainage in villages of four districts of Sargodha Division is presented in table while disparity of rural
sewerage coverage among districts can be seen in Map as well. Khushab and Bhakkar are districts where
highest percentage of unserved area is present as compare to Sargodha and Mianwali indicating the need
of more number of schemes needed in Khushab & Bhakkar. Wastewater collected through these open
drains is normally drained and dumped in to agriculture fields and nearly water bodies without any
treatment.
Figure 74: Sewerage Coverage in Rural Areas of Sargodha Division

Section 6
6.2. RURAL WSS INTERVENTIONS

Once the situation of water supply and sanitation is analyzed as discussed in above section, the next step
is to address the issues and challenges currently prevailing in rural areas. The major broadly challenges in
rural water and sanitation sector articulated are abandoned Infrastructure, poor water quality- Brackish
Zone, high electricity cost, less WSS coverage and financial & ownership issues. Large number of
population residing in these areas are badly affected or deprived of safe WSS facilities. These some of the
challenges are taken in to account and resultant actions of interventions are identified to cater the issues
as water and sanitation are considered basic services that need to be provided on immediate basis for
health environment and human well-being. Proposed Interventions lying around water supply &
sanitation are categorized in to short (2025), medium (2030) and long (2040) term phases on basis of need
of urgency and predominant severity of situation.
The summarized concrete challenges along with proposed interventions of Approximately PKR 17 Billion
are presented in figure below. Along with proposed interventions, implementing agencies have also been
identified and proposed for execution of proposed schemes. Punjab Aaab-e-Pak Authority (PAPA) has
mandate of installation and execution of water treatment plants and schemes in rural areas of Punjab.
96
Therefore, PAPA is proposed to install RO plants in identified brackish area based on actual testing.

Furthermore, PHED is proposed to install and operate canal based rural water supply schemes in radius
of 5km from brackish area village because of having technical capacity and relevant experience instead
of CBOs.
Figure 75: Proposed Rural WSS Interventions

Section 6
6.2.1. SHORT - TERM
Short-term plan includes immediate interventions to be taken to cater the priority needs of water supply
and sanitation. It majorly includes rehabilitation of dys-functional infrastructure, installation of Reverse
Osmosis (RO) plants in highly brackish areas, addressing the arsenic contamination in rare areas, and
provision of sewerage & drainage schemes in unserved areas. Open drains-based sewerage system along
with sullage carrier and decentralized open oxidation pond is suggested in unserved villages of the
division.
6.2.2. MEDIUM - TERM
Medium term plan focusses on provision of safe drinking water to people residing in brackish area. In this
case, spatial exercise is carried out to identify the nearby water bodies such as canals to install the water
supply schemes based on canal seepage water at the radius of 5 km from affected unserved villages.
However, where nearby canal source is not available, RO plants are proposed in areas where TDS values
are much higher than prescribed standard safe limits. Similarly, sewerage schemes are also proposed to 97
bring the unserved villages in network.

6.2.3. LONG - TERM
Long-term plan also consists of same interventions such as installation of RO Plants, canal based water
supply schemes and provision of sewerage network. But in this case, schemes are proposed in areas
where situation of contamination is rather less severe as compare to those which have been identified
and addressed in short and medium term. Conversion of rural infrastructure on renewable energy like
solarization of schemes is also proposed.
Summarized identified intervention projects of worth PKR 17 Billion categorized in short, medium and
long-term phases are articulated in table. It is envisaged that these proposed interventions will benefit
the approximately 5.8 Million Population in Sargodha division.
Section 6
Table 58: Phase wise proposed WSS Interventions
SHORT TERM PLAN (TILL MEDIUM TERM PLAN (TILL LONG TERM PLAN (TILL YEAR
YEAR 2025) YEAR 2030) 2040)
PKR 2.39 Billion PKR 4.08 Billion PKR 10.94 Billion
▪ Rehabilitation of existing ▪ Installation of 6 Solar based ▪ Installation of 99 Solar based

90 Non-Functional Water UF & Arsenic plants in RO Plants (2000 l/h) in
Supply Schemes Arsenic Contaminated Area Brackish area
▪ Installation of 53 Solar ▪ Installation of 113 Solar ▪ Installation of 106 Rural water
based RO Plants (2000 based RO Plants (2000 l/h) schemes (0.25 cusecs each)
l/h) in Brackish area in Brackish area along canal to serve
▪ Installation of 18 Solar ▪ Installation of 131 Rural population in brackish area
based UF & Arsenic water schemes (0.25 cusecs ▪ Solarization of 300 Rural
plants in
Contaminated Area
Arsenic each) along canal to serve
population in brackish area
Water Supply Schemes
▪ Provision of Drains based
98
▪ Hygiene awareness ▪ Provision of Drains based Sewerage System in 370

program Sewerage System in 250 villages (Drains+Sullage
▪ Provision of Drains based villages (Drains+Sullage Carrier+Pond)
Sewerage System in 85 Carrier+Pond)
villages (Drains+Sullage
Carrier+Pond)
POP SERVED: 969,147 POP SERVED: 1,386,359 POP SERVED: 3,473,070
COST: 1454 + 923 = 2,377 COST: 3210+3505 =6,714 COST: 3,075+5,276= 8,351
Million Million Million
GRAND TOTAL: 17,442 Million
Spatially mapped water supply and sewerage interventions are visualized in maps below. It is envisaged
that approximately 2 Million residents will be benefited from proposed water supply interventions while
sewerage coverage will increase from 33% to 70% after execution of proposed schemes.
Section 6
99

Figure 76: Proposed Rural Water Supply Interventions
Figure 77: Proposed Rural Sewerage Interventions

Section 6
Brief description as scope of projects identified in short term plan is written in table 59 while detailed list
of projects proposed in each district in short-, medium- and long-term phases is placed at table ahead.
Table 59: Scope of Short Term WSS Interventions:
Sr. Planning Cost

Sector Project Title Justification & Scope
# Period Million
1 Water Rehabilitation of Make sure enable functioning of 1102.73

Supply 90 Rural Non- abandoned rural water supply schemes
Functional Water through replacement of damaged
Supply Schemes machinery, equipment, chlorinator, bulk
in Sargodha, meter, new borehole, and rising main.
Khushab & This project intends to serve
Mianwali approximately 6 lac rural population
through provision of safe water supplies
to community. 100
2 Water Installation of 30 Installation of Solar based RO plants are 251.75

Supply Solar based RO proposed in 17 villages of Khushab where
Plants (2000 l/h) TDS Values reported are 2000-7000 ppm
in 17 villages of and it will serve approx. 117,000
Short - Term (2025)
Khushab and 23 population. Similarly, 23 plants are

RO plants in 14 proposed in Mianwali where TDS
villages of reported values are 2100-3000 ppm. RO
Mianwali plants are proposed in these selected
villages where no canal water is available
within 5 km distance
3 Water Installation of 18 Solar-based 18 Arsenic Treatment Plant 97.2

Supply Solar based UF& are proposed in 27 villages of Sargodha
Arsenic plants in where arsenic values reported are 100-
Sargodha 250 ppb. It will serve approx. 65000
population.
5 Sewerage Provision of Comprehensive sewerage schemes with 923.17

Package of 85 open drains, sullage carrier and
Sewerage associated ponds are proposed to
Schemes in provide coverage in 35 85 multiple
Khushab, Bhakkar villages of Khushab, Bhakkar and
and Sargodha Sargodha. It will serve approx. 122000
population.
(MRS, 1ST BI-ANNUAL-2022 (01.01.2022 to 30.06.2022) TOTAL COST (SHORT): 2,374 Millions
Section 6
Table 60: Rural WSS Projects
Cost
Sector Phase Districts Project Name
PKR M
Rehabilitation of 47 Non-Functional Rural Water
1 Water Short Sargodha
Supply Schemes in Sargodha 638.35
2 Water Short Khushab
Supply Schemes in Khushab 214.38
3 Water Short Mianwali 250
Supply Schemes in Mianwali
Installation of 30 Solar based RO Plants (2000 l/h) in
4 Water Short Khushab
17 villages of Khushab 142.50
Installation of 18 Solar based UF& Arsenic plants in
5 Water Short Sargodha 97.2
Sargodha
6 Water Short Mianwali 109.25
101
14 villages of Mianwali
7 Water Short Hygiene Awareness program in Division 2.0
Installation of 6 Solar based UF & Arsenic Plant in

Mianwali (Bhat; Amir Abbas Khan wala; Ouda
8 Water Medium Mianwali 38.52
Wala(Narri wala); Kundal; Seda Khan wala; and Hafiz
Wala)
Installation of 2 Solar based RO Plants (2000 l/h) in 6
9 Water Medium Bhakkar
villages of Bhakkar 9.50
10 Water Medium Bhakkar 190
36 villages of Bhakkar
11 Water Medium Mianwali 304
81 villages of Mianwali
Installation of 7 Solar based RO Plants (2000 l/h) in 2
12 Water Medium Sargodha 33.25
villages of Sargodha
Installation of 67 Rural water schemes (0.25 cusecs
13 Water Medium Sargodha each) in 32 villages of Sargodha along canal to serve 1314.54
14 Water Medium Khushab each) in villages of Khushab along canal to serve 156.4
15 Water Medium Mianwali each) in 11 villages of Mianwali along canal to serve 1163.68
16 Water Long Mianwali 223.25
multiple 113 villages of Mianwali
17 Water Long Bhakkar 71.25
multiple 19 villages of Bhakkar
18 Water Long Khushab 175.75
multiple 30 Brackish villages of Khushab
Section 6
Cost
Sector Phase Districts Project Name
PKR M
19 Water Long Sargodha each) in 26 villages of Sargodha along canal to serve 981
20 Water Long Khushab each) in 4 villages of Khushab along canal to serve 215.05
21 Water Long Mianwali each) in 9 villages of Mianwali along canal to serve 935.1
22 Water Long Solarization of 300 Rural Water Supply Schemes 474
Provision of sewerage system in rural areas of
23 Sewerage Short Khushab 377.825
Khushab [drains, Nullah and pond] 35 villages
24 Sewerage Short Sargodha Sargodha [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and
pond] 25 villages
276
102

25 Sewerage Short Bhakkar Bhakkar [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 269.35
pond] 25 villages
26 Sewerage Medium Khushab Khushab [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 623.5
pond] 50 villages
27 Sewerage Medium Sargodha Sargodha [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 1104
pond] 100 villages
28 Sewerage Medium Bhakkar Bhakkar [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 1777
pond] 100 villages
29 Sewerage Long Khushab Khushab [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 955.5
pond] 70 villages
30 Sewerage Long Sargodha Sargodha [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 1656
pond] 150 villages
31 Sewerage Long Bhakkar Bhakkar [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 2125
pond] 100 villages
32 Sewerage Long Mianwali Mianwali [drains, Nullah, little Disposal station and 539
pond] 50 villages
Total Amount in Millions Sargodha Division: 17,442 Million PKR

Section 6
Rough Cost estimates are calculated of all identified projects based on MRS rates 1ST BI-ANNUAL-2022
(01.01.2022 to 30.06.2022. Summary of cost of proposed sectoral projects for division is given at table below.
Detailed projects costing of all projects scope is attached at Annexure.
Table 61: Summary of Cost of Rural WSS Projects
▪ Rural Water Supply ▪ Rural Water Supply ▪ Rural Water Supply ▪ Rural Water Supply
3,064 M 1,094 M 80.7 M 3,023 M
▪ Rural Sewerage ▪ Rural Sewerage ▪ Rural Sewerage ▪ Rural Sewerage
3,036 M 1,956 M 4,171 M 539 M
COST: 6,100 Million COST: 3,050 Million COST: 4,252 Million COST: 3,562 Million
GRAND TOTAL: 17,442 Million or 17.4 Billion

103

Section 5
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | ENVIRONMENT SECTOR

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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Maps prepared by:

Rough Cost Estimations by:

Conceptual Drawings by:

Reviewed and finalized by:

02 Water Supply & Sanitation – Sargodha ......................................................... 10

03 Water Supply & Sanitation – Khushab .......................................................... 29

05 Water Supply & Sanitation – Bhakkar........................................................... 67

06 Rural WSS – Sargodha Division ..................................................................... 88

2. Figure 2: District wise WASH Index 04

3. Figure 3: Overall WASH Index Comparison 04

4. Figure 4: Methodology for Development of Plan 05

5. Figure 5: Example of Condition of WSS Infrastructure- very Poor 06

6. Figure 6: Result of Perception Survey 08

7. Figure 7: Results of Willingness to Par Survey 08

8. Figure 8: Consultation conducted with local community 09

9. Figure 9: Bar Chart depicting Water Supply Infrastructure of Sargodha City 11

1. Table 1: Demographic Demographic Information of Sargodha Division 02

1.2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

Figure 1: Annual Temperature & Precipitation Trends of Sargodha District

1.3. DISTRICTS PROFILE & DEMOGRAPHY

Table 1 describes the district wise demographic information of Sargodha Division.

Table 1: Demographic Information of Sargodha Division

Sargodha Khushab Mianwali Bhakkar

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

Sargodha Bhakkar Mianwali Khushab

1.4. WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION AT A GLANCE

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

1.4.1. WASH INDEX IN SARGODHA DIVISION

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

DISTRICTS WITH RANKING

Figure 3: Overall WASH Index Comparison

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

1.5.1. DESK STUDY

1.5.2. MEETING WITH STAKEHOLDERS

 XENs & SDOs Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)

1.5.3. ON-GROUND SURVEY

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

Table 2: Grading Chart for Asset Condition Assessment

Rating Asset Condition Description

A Excellent No noticeable defects. Some aging or wear may be visible.

Figure 5: Example of Condition of WSS Infrastructure- very Poor

1.5.4. COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS

1.5.5. IDENTIFICATION OF GAPS

1.5.6. SPATIAL DATA SETS ASSESSMENTS

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

1.5.7. PLANNING & DESIGN EXERCISE

1.5.8. SUSTAINABLE INTERVENTIONS WITH COSTING

1.6. PERCEPTION SURVEY

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

80% Mianwali 30%

50% Khushab 40%

50% Sarghoda 60%

Figure 6: Result of Perception Survey

Figure 7: Results of Willingness to Par Survey

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

02 Water Supply &

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN SRGODHA | WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR

2.1. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE