Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY - Alangilan
College of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design
Pablo Borbon Main II, Alangilan, Batangas City

CALLA HAYA:
A Proposed Sustainable Socialized Housing Development
Barangay Pusil, Lipa City, Batangas

A Research Proposal Presented to

Ar. Mark Jannison L. Magsino, UAP, RMP

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

ARCH 533 - Architectural Design 7
Community Architecture and Urban Design

Submitted by:
Fule, Macreen Kiela E.
Fule, Veronica Jhae E.
Lontoc, Jeanneth V.
Perez, Lourdes A.
Sollorano, Abigael R.

October 2022
 CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Acknowledging the problems of the current times is one of the biggest steps any of us can
take. As we know, the world is facing abrupt change that has impacted each and everyone of
us in different ways ever since the global crisis began. The increase in population is
demanding for more housing units, however less attention has been provided to the supposed
development, to the paid design and spatial requirements for the housing project, which
usually leads to less competitive designs.

Informality of housing, micro economies, and social networks have emerged over the last
century as the dominant morphology in large cities and urbanizing rural municipalities all over
the world, including those in the Philippines. Rapid demographic transition and migration to
cities in the latter half of the 20th century have led to an entirely new phenomenon of more
than half of the world’s population living in urban and built areas (UNPF 2013). In the
Philippines, this phenomenon has been exacerbated by colonial influences on urban design
and declining rural agricultural livelihoods (Alcazaren et al 2011).

This is an area academia through architecture education needs to adequately address.

Approaching this problem with sustainability in mind is one of the keys in coping up with the
demands of society.

Background of the Project

Housing improvement is one of the most important sectors of the economy, which ensures the
prosperity of urban development and sustainability (Rahman et al. 2018). The variety of
design solutions and innovative technologies incited a lot of challenges in the quality of
accommodation and satisfaction of residents. Often, designers strive to maintain the
aesthetics of housing appearances and neglect the actual needs of clients (Lopez 2010).
Compared to commercial buildings, the residential design must correspond to day-to-day
concerns of people’s lives and address problems related to their life experience and ambience
(Anderson 2016). Besides, due to excessive energy consumption, housing construction must
be sustained (Roufechaei et al. 2014). Thus, for successful sustainable housing development,
an optimal balance between sustainable housing and customer satisfaction is required (Chan
and Adabre 2019).

Urbanization also spawns other development issues, which include but are not limited to solid
waste management, pollution, traffic jam, and informal settlement. Although the city
government is exerting effort to address these issues, admittedly, there is more to be done
particularly when it comes to traffic congestion, solid waste management, growing population
of squatters, influx of migrant workers, and continued urban growth and expansion.

Over 4 million Filipino families are living in unsustainable conditions with a lack of safety and
access to clean water and safe sanitation. The lack of adequate housing can be seen as a
glaring facet of inequality in the Philippines. The massive housing backlog is expected to reach
6.57 million units by 2022; left unaddressed, the deficit could balloon to 22 million units by
2040, according to the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development.

Moreover, many of Lipa City informal settlers are located in danger zones, i.e., along creeks
(estero) and railroad track sites. Squatters along creeks contribute to water pollution due to
the waste they generate. On the one hand, squatters along railroad ways are prone to
accidents which may be due to mechanical problems or negligence on the part of the
community. As regards migration, potential workers in the city are now facing steep
competition with the influx of migrant workers from nearby municipalities.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will benefit not just informal settlers in Brgy. Pusil, but also its local government
units and the respective planning agencies through the in depth study of the use of socialized
approach of designing to the proposed project.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.41. PROJECT OBJECTIVES

● Provide housing accommodation suitable for the intended need group which are
informal settler families and those living in danger areas, set in a safe, secure, and
visually attractive environment.
● Cater as far as possible, to tenants’ present and future needs by the provision of an
accessible/lifetime homes environment to ensure the home is flexible, adaptable, and
accessible

Specific Objectives:

1.4.2. Design Objectives

1.4.2.1. Social Sustainability. A housing development is socially sustainable when it

empowers, includes, and continuously provides for the needs of people, affording them
a healthy and fulfilling life.

A. Disaster resiliency. The dwelling can withstand or easily recover from most
natural disasters, protecting the family from danger in the occurrence of such
events.
B. Accessibility. The dwelling remains comfortable throughout the life of its owners
and is adaptable to cater to people of all abilities.
C. Security. The dwelling is designed to discourage crime and to protect the family
from intrusions.
D. Community. The dwelling contributes to place-making and is designed to
encourage healthy community relations.
E. Safety. The possibility of accidents (e.g., tripping, falling down a flight of stairs,
fires) happening in the dwelling is low.
 F. Health and Comfort. The dwelling protects its users from health hazards (4)
and provides for them an environment that is comfortable, thermally, visually,
and acoustically.
G. Function. The dwelling is designed to facilitate the everyday tasks and activities
of its users, accommodating the furniture, appliances,etc.,that those activities
require.
H. Land Conservation. The dwelling adds to the value of the land, and does not
contribute to or cause land degradation, erosion, and soil contamination. The
dwelling does not have adverse effects on existing soil ecosystems.

1.4.2.2. Environmental Sustainability. A housing development is environmentally

sustainable when it uses natural resources to sustain human life without destroying or
depleting these resources permanently.

A. Water and Energy Conservation. The dwelling is designed so that it does not
increase the amount of water and power commonly required by its inhabitants.
B. Waste Reduction. The dwelling is built using recycled or environment-friendly
materials where possible. The house is designed so that construction wastage
is kept at the minimum.
C. Cost-efficient Operation. The dwelling uses passive strategies for lighting,
ventilation, heating, and cooling, etc., so that living in the dwelling will cost its
occupants as little as possible.
D. Reduced Development Cost. The dwelling maximizes every square meter of
floor area used. The dwelling offers flexibility and is adaptable to possible
changes in user requirements, reducing the possibility of necessitating
additional development costs in the future.
E. Innovation. The dwelling applies innovations in building materials and
construction systems where these offer overall improved cost-efficiency.

1.4.2.3. Economic Sustainability. A housing development is economically

sustainable when it is cost efficient and self-sustaining.

A. Low Initial Cost. Costly systems need not be specified to achieve high
performance of the dwelling.
B. Cost-efficient Materials. Building materials are selected with consideration for
their affordability, durability, and longevity.
C. Low Maintenance. The dwelling is designed so that minimal effort and spending
is needed for maintenance.

1.5 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. Major Problems:
1. Major Problems:
1.1 How will the project be beneficial to the current state of employment and
sustainability of Lipa city?
1.2 How will the three main purposes of the project come to fruition?
1.3 What would be the appropriate approach to ensure wellness and maximize the
effect of the project on the people?
 1.4 How can the project be adaptive and reflexive?

2. Minor Problems:
2.1 How will the current technology affect the design of the project?
2.2 How can the project affect the people of Lipa City?
2.3 What areas should be emphasized and developed to achieve better services to
the people?

1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

"Housing is a human right. There can be no fairness or justice in a society in which

some live in homelessness, or the shadow of that risk, while others cannot even
imagine it." - Jordan Flaherty

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study focused on the proposed Housing Development

which includes physical, environmental, social and economic aspect
of the project.
This study comprises the following:
1. Architectural Planning and Design
2. Site Planning

The scopes of the development of the project are the following:

1. Duplex housing units
2. Single detached housing units
3. Public Spaces
4. Public Transportation

Definition of Terms
The findings of this study were applied in a practical manner as a guide for designing the
proposed housing development. Prior to a review of the literature relevant to the research and
design project, definitions are provided for several key terms that are used throughout this
thesis.
● Block - A parcel of land bounded on the sides by streets or alleys or pathways or other
natural or manmade features, and occupied by or intended for buildings. Maximum
block length is 400 meters. However, block length exceeding 250 meters shall already
be provided with a 2 -meter alley approximately at midlength.

● Duplex - The 20.25 square meter duplex on a minimum lot area of 48 square meters
is designed to provide the basic necessities of a dwelling unit as living,
dining,kitchen,sleeping area, toilet and service/laundry area. This type of housing
model with setbacks on three (3) sides has more air space and ventilation. Spaces on
the front and side could be used as a garden, either ornamental plants or vegetables
for their own consumption. The duplex unit, although smaller in floor area, is set on a
bigger lot size of 48 square meters.

● Frontage - That part or end of a lot which abuts a street.

● Dwelling - Any building or any portion thereof which is not an "apartment house",
"lodging house", or a "hotel" as defined in this Code which contained one or two
"dwelling units" or "guest rooms", used, intended or designed to be built, used, rented,
leased, let or hired out to be occupied, or which are occupied for living purposes.

● Dwelling Unit - One or more habitable rooms which are occupied or which are
intended or designated to be occupied by one family with facilities for living, sleeping,
cooking, and eating.

● Informal settler - One who settles on the land of another without title or right or without
the owner's consent whether in urban or rural areas.

● Occupancy - The purpose for which a building is used or intended to be used. The
term shall also include the building or room housing such use. Change of occupancy
is not intended to include change of tenants or proprietors.

● Pathwalk/ Footpath - A public way intended for pedestrians and which cuts across a
block to provide access to adjacent streets or property with maximum length of 100
meters if connecting to roads and 50 meters if terminating in a dead end.

● Single attached - The 20.47 square meter on a minimum lot area of 50 square meters
is designed to provide the basic necessities of a dwelling unit as living,
dining,kitchen,sleeping area, toilet and service/laundry area. This type of housing
model with setbacks on three (4) sides has more air space and ventilation. Spaces on
the front and side could be used as a garden, either ornamental plants or vegetables
for their own consumption.
● Socialized housing - refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and
lots or homelots only undertaken by the Government or the private sector for the
underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services
development, long -term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such
other benefits in accordance with the provisions of this act (RA 7279).

● Sustainable design - Is the practice of creating buildings which make as little impact
on the natural world as possible. It promotes the health of the building's occupants at
the same time as reducing the negative effects of the construction process on the
environment.

● Urbanization - It may describe the process by which areas are transformed from rural
or semi-rural to urban. This means those areas start to display the characteristics of
towns and cities, such as increased population, housing and social infrastructure,
transport infrastructure (roads and railways) and leisure and other facilities.
 CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature

2.1 Foreign Researches

In the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) strives to consistently develop the urban
construction industry through the creation of sustainable cities using innovative technologies
that would be consistent with overall state expansion and growth over the years. To this effect,
green building norms and regulations have been introduced in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, such as
the national Estidama Pearl program, which was launched in 2010 by the Department of Urban
Planning and Municipalities in Abu Dhabi (Awadh 2017). This program includes a Pearl Rating
System (PRS), which ensures the sustainability of housing throughout its life cycle from design
to construction and operation (Alobaidi et al. 2015)

As stated above, in projecting housing complexes, the housing design should represent social,
aesthetic, and environmental concepts and include all elements for creating an interior space
that would satisfy the lifestyle of people or community (Dohr and Portillo 2011). Satisfaction
with residency is one of the most important aspects that affect the quality of life (Walton et al.
2008) and the very behaviour of people in living spaces (Sakip et al. 2012).

This research is devoted to studying the level of satisfaction with the principles of sustainable
urban development on the example of two public housing districts of the UAE, located in the
Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The first site of Al Ain Faydah is located in Al Ain city near mount Jebel
Hafeet. It covers an area of 4.12 million m2 and contains 2000 villas with entertainment,
educational, and cultural facilities integrated into the development.

The Al Watani housing complex located in Khalifa City A in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi was
chosen as the next object for research. It covers a total area of 1.85 million square meters and
offers 1.390 villas and 50 houses with 2.500 apartments to satisfy local housing needs. The
project represents a complex configuration of public facilities supported by an appropriate
infrastructure that includes schools, stores, and public open spaces to establish
communication centers and local meetings.

2.3 Foreign Studies

Local, Modular and Efficient Eco-Affordable Housing For Ghana

The Open Source House competition challenged architects to design an affordable, flexible
and sustainable house that will be made available to people living in poor housing conditions.
Blaanc and João Caeiro responded with their completely practical and well-considered
concept for a single-family home based on the Ashanti compound, a courtyard building with a
deep structure and large overhangs that encourage natural ventilation. Modular by nature, the
home can grow as funds allow and as the family expands. Construction materials are all locally
sourced – rammed earth walls, dahoma wood, and bamboo can all be found nearby to
construct the home. Meanwhile, local people would be taught how to build the homes, giving
them a new skill set and boosting the economy.
Energy efficiency was a primary design goal to improve the home’s overall sustainability, but
more importantly to create a more comfortable living environment with minimal costs. Low-
tech energy solutions would be capitalized on to minimize energy use and maximize comfort.
Solar passive design with a south-facing structure and large overhangs provides shade for the
interior. A solar hot water tank on the large roof provides hot water for the kitchen and
bathroom. Orientation of the home improves natural ventilation, while rain water is collected
for use within the home and for the garden in the courtyard, which helps provide some of the
family’s food. A small scale septic tank manages the household’s waste, while organic waste
is composted in the yard. The concept will be built sometime in 2010.

2.4 Local Studies

A Bamboo Construction Eco-System for Social Housing

in Negros Occidental, Philippines

In 2012, a Hilti engineer started to test a housing technology that uses bamboo as its sole
structural element as it withstands natural disasters, and comes at a lower cost than the social
housing standard materials currently used across the Philippines. In 2014, the Base Bahay
Foundation was installed to apply what is called the ´Cement Bamboo Frame Technology´
(CBFT). By 2018, more than 750 homes were built using the CBFT method and a local supply
chain for engineered bamboo was installed which also created decent employment in rural
areas of the country. In 2019, BASE was transformed into a research center for bamboo
construction to continuously improve the technology and to train builders and developers in its
application.

By building 10’000 disaster-resistant and affordable bamboo homes in the Negros Occidental
province of the Philippines the project set an example for an innovative, inclusive and
ecological approach to social housing. They are able to create a local ecosystem for
sustainable and disaster-resistant construction of affordable homes made from bamboo, incl.
enabling the environment [financial mechanisms, land management, supplier industry]. Also,
they built thriving communities in Negros Occidental empowering 10’000 families to actively
shape their own future. And lastly, they were able to prove that the Cement Bamboo Frame
Technology can be used for large scale projects.
 CHAPTER III
Research Method

3.1 Research Design (Data Gathering Procedure)

Research Generation
The researcher was able to develop a thesis proposal through the aid of various media such
as magazines, books, newspapers, television and internet and seeking consultations to
various individuals. Defining and solving a problem is the primary concern of the research.
The integration of needs and wants of the people in order to maximize their interest is aimed
through the proposal. The researcher gathered essential information to support the study
through the following references:

Government Sectors
The researcher gathered reliable facts and information from the Departments under the Local
Government Units of Lipa City that are vital for the accomplishment of the study. It is necessary
for reasons that not all essential information can be provided in the internet. From the gathered
documents, problems and considerations were distinguished and solutions are to be
conceptualized in addressing such matters.

Ocular Investigation
Through actual site investigation, the researcher was able to assess the site and It’s vicinity.
The researcher gained essential aspects to consider in the development of the proposal. The
frequent visit of the researcher in the town also helped him understand and analyze other
aspects that can influence the proposal.

Interviews and Consultations

The researcher was able to interview various individuals regarding the proposal. She helped
the researcher about conceptualizing the proposal, the worker from the Lipa City planning and
development office gave advice on choosing the suitable site for the development.

Internet Research
In today’s generation, the use of the internet is the most convenient instrument and modern
way in researching and through it, countless websites were visited to acquire knowledge, ideas
and insights on the best approach, innovative concepts and technologies to be applied in the
proposal.

3.2 Data Analysis and Presentation

This part of the study shows the information gathered and how will one relate to other in
determining the best approach for the feasibility and development of the proposal.

3.2.1 Site Selection

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria

The following are the guidelines for general and specific considerations that will aid the
research in choosing the best and suitable location for the proposal:
1. Accessibility – the site should be accessible with consideration of public and private
transportation
 2. Social and Behavioral Aspect – This relates to the possibility of the site in helping to
achieve and advocate its goals.
3. Flexibility – The site should have sufficient space, can be transformed and developed
and can adapt to changes for future expansion.
4. Availability – It refers presence of essential utilities such as, water supply, power and
communication lines, telephone connections, and sewage and storm water disposal
5. Security – The site should have a safe and secure environment
6. Visibility – The site should be easy to locate and the place must be well known to the
public.
7. Proximity – It refers to the closeness to the users
8. Conformity - It should form Relationship to City’s urban planning initiatives. It refers to
the General Land Use and Zoning of the Area

3.2.1.2 System of Evaluation and Rating

The system of evaluation rating is one of the processes that helped the researcher to
determine which site is appropriate for the proposed project. Through this, three (3) sites are
suited for the project for the researcher to choose from.

SITE A SITE B SITE C

SITE CRITERIA
Dagatan, Lipa City Marawoy, Lipa City Pusil, Lipa City

Accessibility 4 5 4

Availability 5 5 5

Flexibility 4 3 5

Geographical Location 4 3 4

Proximity 3 4 4

Topography 3 4 5

Security 4 4 4

Conformity 5 1 4

TOTAL 32 29 35
Table 2.0 System of Evaluation and Rating
3.2.1.3 Site Justification

Satellite image of site A - Brgy. Dagatan, Lipa City

Source: Google Earth
SITE A
Site A also has potential as a site for the project, the site is generally plain and full of natural
features such as trees and shrubs. Its location is in Brgy Dagatan, Lipa City near Mount
Malarayat Golf and Country Club. Although considering the surrounding establishments and
structure, site C was chosen as the better option.

Satellite image of site B - Brgy. Marawoy, Lipa City

Source: Google Earth

SITE B
Among the three sites presented, site B has the least potential as a site for the proposed
project. The site is located at Brgy, Marawoy Lipa City with an estimated area of 9 ha. It is
accessible by public and private transport as it is located along the highways and near public
amenities such as schools and malls. Despite the high rate of accessibility and availability, the
site is an institutional lot and not suitable for residential development.
 Satellite image of site C - Brgy. Pusil, Lipa City
Source: Google Earth

SITE C
Referring to the site selection process conducted by the researchers, Brgy. Pusil, Lipa City is
the suitable location for the Proposed Housing development due to its close proximity to the
users and its accessibility in the municipality. Another factor is its closeness to certain public
utilities. During the site selection process, site C emerged as the most feasible location,
moreover, the municipality will benefit from the site due to its accessibility to other
municipalities.

3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 Macro Site

Map of Lipa City | Province of Batangas

Source: CPDO Lipa City, Research
Lipa is a landlocked component city in the coastal province of Batangas.

The city has a land area of 209.40 square kilometers or 80.85 square miles which constitutes
6.72% of Batangas's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 372,931.
This represented 12.82% of the total population of Batangas province, or 2.30% of the overall
population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the population density is
computed at 1,781 inhabitants per square kilometer or 4,613 inhabitants per square mile.
SOIL TYPE

Soil type ranges from clay loam to Lipa loam to sandy loam or Taal loam. Lipa series – like
Ibaan series, Lipa soils are also derived from residential to light brown, yellow, very friable,
loose, fine granular loam. Depth is 25 to 30 centimeters. The substratum is light brown
tuffacous rock. Lipa loam is found in the northeastern part of the province where Lipa City, M-
Kahoy, Malvar and Tanauan are located. The site’s type of soil is considered as Lipa Loam
which has agricultural potential for certain crops. These crops are considered to be planted
on the housing units small vegetable garden.

TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

For Lipa City, the FLUP covers the 1,286.12 hectares of forest land area within the Mt.
Malaraya Forest Reserve, in Barangays Sto. Niño, San Celestino, Talisay, and Malitlit. The
forestland of Lipa City exhibits a remarkable natural forest attributed to its wide range of flora
and fauna.

Prior to the finalization of the plan, series of activities were conducted such as planning and
consultation meeting/workshop, field visits, creation of technical working group committee,
formulation and signing of Memorandum of Agreement (MOA), generation of maps, and
allocation and prioritization of subwatersheds.

TOPOGRAPHY, SLOPE AND ELEVATION

The geographical coordinates of Lipa City are 13.941 deg latitude, 121.163 deg longitude, and
1,066 ft elevation.

The topography within 2 miles of Lipa City contains only modest variations in elevation, with a
maximum elevation change of 377 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 1,043
feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (3,166 feet). Within 50 miles
contains large variations in elevation (8,583 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Lipa City is covered by cropland (61%), trees (18%), shrubs (11%),
and grassland (11%), within 10 miles by cropland (39%) and trees (34%), and within 50 miles
by water (51%) and trees (19%).

● Slope Map

● Contour Map
Atmospheric Characteristics

Climate

In Lipa City, the summers are short, hot, and overcast; the winters are short, warm, wet, and
partly cloudy; and it is oppressive year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature
typically varies from 69°F to 89°F and is rarely below 66°F or above 93°F.

Average Temperature in Lipa City

The hot season lasts for 1.9 months, from April 6 to June 4, with an average daily high
temperature above 87°F. The hottest month of the year in Lipa City is May, with an average
high of 89°F and low of 74°F.

The cool season lasts for 2.7 months, from November 24 to February 15, with an average
daily high temperature below 82°F. The coldest month of the year in Lipa City is January, with
an average low of 69°F and high of 80°F.

Average High and Low Temperature in Lipa City

 Average Hourly Temperature in Lipa City

Waste Management

The present status of the solid waste management of Lipa City was assessed and it was found
out that there are certain policies being implemented in the city when it comes to proper solid
waste management. The material recovery facility of the city is also under maintenance and
planned to be moved to another location. According to the data given by the CENRO, as years
pass, the generation of waste increases. The solid waste in Lipa City generates a total weight
of 3884.78 kg of biodegradable, 4068.6 kg of recyclable, 2271.11 kg of residual and 376.17 of
special waste based on the result of WACS done by the City ENRO.

FLOOD PRONE AREAS

City of Lipa, Batangas 5 Year Flood Hazard Map Legend

 ● 3 Levels of Hazard:

Low Hazard (YELLOW)

Height: 0.1m-0.5m

Medium Hazard (ORANGE)

Height: 0.5m-1.5m

High Hazard (RED)

Population
The population of Lipa, Batangas, in the 2020 census was 372,931 people, with a density of
1,780 inhabitants per square kilometer or 4,600 inhabitants per square mile.

Population

Barangay Population Population Population Change Annual

percentage (2020) (2015) (2015‑2020) Population
(2020) Growth Rate
(2015‑2020)

Dagatan 1.83% 6,840 5,347 27.92% 5.32%

Marauoy 5.04% 18,794 15,484 21.38% 4.16%

Pusil 0.58% 2,181 1,634 33.48% 6.27%

Infrastructure and Utilities

Road Connections
Lipa has an extensive road network. The city is a transportation hub for Batangas and nearby
provinces. Lipa is served by a network of national highways and an expressway. The Southern
Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR Tollway) connects the city with Batangas City, Tanauan and
Santo Tomas, with a connection to South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), thereby linking the city
with Calamba and Metro Manila. Jose P. Laurel Highway, or Ayala Highway (Route 4) on one
portion, connects Lipa with the municipalities and cities of Malvar, Tanauan, Santo Tomas,
and Calamba in the north and San Jose and Batangas City to the south. P. Torres Street or
Lipa-Padre Garcia Road (Route 431), links the city with Padre Garcia and also serves as a
route to the municipalities Rosario and San Juan. Another highway, the Alaminos-Lipa City
Road, serves the northern barangays of the city, runs northeast to Alaminos and serves as a
route to the city with San Pablo in Laguna. Governor Feliciano P. Leviste Highway or Lipa-
Balete Road links Lipa with Balete.

Transportation
Buses, vans, jeepneys, tricycles, and multicabs are common means of transportation in the
city. Large numbers of jeepneys ply their trade around the city, and are becoming the primary
mode of transportation. A grand terminal built beside SM City Lipa mall now serves as the
city's central transport terminal.

3.2.2.2 Micro Site

Site Analysis
3.2.3 Site Analysis
3.2.3.1 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT Analysis)

MICRO SWOT Analysis

Strength
● The site has two adjacent roads.
● The soil is suitable for vegetation.
● Water supply, power lines, telephone, and communication lines are available in
the area.
● The site is located along the main highway which allows immediate access to the
site.
● Proximity to public amenities such as hospitals, schools, and shopping malls.

Weakness
● Irregular shape of the lot.
● Poor pedestrian ways.
Opportunities
● The project will yield future jobs for residents in the vicinity.
● Improvement on the site will take place as soon as the construction of the proposed
development commences.
● Increase the economic development of the city.

Threats
● The area is susceptible to safety breach as it is still under development.
● Possible traffic congestion along the site may cause inconvenience to vehicles as
to pedestrians.

User’s Demography
The target market of the development does not have fixed geographic borders. Target market
means the people who will be the future users of the project. It is essential to establish a
means of determining the users of the development in order to monitor the types of people
entering and accessing the services within the site.

Primary Users
The primary target market in the area are the informal settlers of Lipa city and the
residents along danger zones.

Secondary Users
The secondary target area the informal settlers and the residents along danger zones
on neighboring cities of Lipa.

Tertiary Users
The secondary target area the informal settlers and the residents along danger zones
on other parts of the Philippines that needs to be relocated into a safe and secured
homes.
REFERENCES:

Top Reasons why Lipa City Batangas is the Best Housing Investment. (2021, August
19). Diamond Heights Lipa. Retrieved October 21, 2022, from
https://diamondheightslipa.com/top-reasons-why-lipa-city-batangas-is-the-best-
housing-investment/

Design Manual Guidelines on one storey dwelling unit. (2020, February). Retrieved
October 21, 2022, from https://nha.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Design-Manual-
Guidelines-on-one-storey-dwelling-unit.pdf

Private Sector Participation under the new DHSUD: Issues & Prospects. (2019, July
30). Manila city, Philippines Retrieved October 22, 2022, from
http://aphousingforum.ph/application/files/3015/6810/3993/Christopher_Ryan_Tan_-
_Private_Sector_Participation_under_the_New_DHSUD.pdf

Country Brief Philippines.

https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/Social%20and%20Human%20Sc
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