ECUMASTER PMU-16/PMU-16DL

Preliminary Manual
(2022.09.05, rev. 1.04)

Page 1
 ATTENTION!

• The ECUMASTER PMU is designed for motorsport applications

only and cannot be used on public roads!

• The installation of this device should be performed only by

trained specialists. Installation by untrained individuals may
cause damage to both the device and the vehicle!

• Incorrect configuration of the ECUMASTER PMU can cause

serious damage to vehicle components!

• Never modify the device’s settings while the vehicle is moving as

it may cause an accident!

• ECUMASTER assumes no responsibility for damage caused by

incorrect installation and/or configuration of the device!

• To ensure proper use of ECUMASTER PMU and to prevent risk of

damage to your vehicle, you must read these instructions and
understand them thoroughly before attempting to install this unit.

• Never short-circuit the wires of the vehicle's wiring loom or the

outputs of the ECUMASTER PMU!

• All modifications to the vehicle's wiring loom must be performed

with the negative terminal of the battery disconnected.

• It is critical that all connections in the wiring loom are properly

insulated!

• The device must be disconnected before performing any welding

on the vehicle!

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Table Of Contents
ECUMASTER PMU............................................................................................................... 5
Technical............................................................................................................................ 5
Specification.......................................................................................................................6
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION................................................................................................8
Compatibility...................................................................................................................... 8
Downloading the PMU software........................................................................................ 8
Installing PMU software.....................................................................................................8
CONNECTING PMU TO PC................................................................................................11
CAN – USB interface....................................................................................................... 11
ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface................................................................................ 11
ECUMASTER USBtoCAN pinout.................................................................................... 12
Connecting USB interface, wiring schematics.................................................................13
PMU status...................................................................................................................... 13
CAN protocol, CAN topology........................................................................................... 14
USING PMU SOFTWARE................................................................................................... 15
Launching PMU software.................................................................................................15
Using PMU software........................................................................................................ 15
PMU Client workflow........................................................................................................17
ELEMENT TYPES............................................................................................................... 19
Analog Input..................................................................................................................19
Power Output.................................................................................................................19
CANbus Message Object (Mob)....................................................................................19
CANbus Input.................................................................................................................19
CANbus Keyboard......................................................................................................... 19
Switch............................................................................................................................ 19
Number.......................................................................................................................... 20
Function......................................................................................................................... 20
Wipers Module...............................................................................................................20
Blinkers Module............................................................................................................. 20
CANbus Export.............................................................................................................. 20
MANAGING ELEMENTS.................................................................................................... 20
Saving elements.............................................................................................................. 20
Loading saved elements..................................................................................................20
FUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................ 21
Main Principle.................................................................................................................. 21
Operations ...................................................................................................................... 21
Function examples ..........................................................................................................23
CHANNEL LOGGING..........................................................................................................25
Graph Log........................................................................................................................25
Logging Frequency.......................................................................................................... 26
Custom Log......................................................................................................................26
PMU PINOUT.......................................................................................................................27
Output Pins...................................................................................................................... 28
Input Pins......................................................................................................................... 28
PMU TEMPERATURE, PLACEMENT AND LOAD BALANCING..................................... 28
PMU Placement...............................................................................................................28
PMU Temperature............................................................................................................28
Output Load Balancing.................................................................................................... 29

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 Output Pin signaling and status.......................................................................................30
WIRING................................................................................................................................31
Basic diagram.................................................................................................................. 31
Wire Size..........................................................................................................................32
Load examples for popular devices.................................................................................32
Connector current capacity..............................................................................................33
ANALOG INPUT WIRING................................................................................................... 35
Wiring schematics............................................................................................................35
Analog Sensor................................................................................................................. 38
OUTPUT DEVICES..............................................................................................................39
Power Output...................................................................................................................39
Simple Power Output Setup............................................................................................ 40
Wipers..............................................................................................................................42
Blinkers............................................................................................................................ 43
CANbus Keyboard........................................................................................................... 44
Exporting Keyboard state................................................................................................ 45
Using CANbus Keyboard to signal status........................................................................45
Using output pins in parallel.............................................................................................47
INERTIA SWITCH................................................................................................................47
Inertia Switch................................................................................................................... 47
MASTER RETRY CHANNEL.............................................................................................. 48
PWM (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)...............................................................................48
Soft Start.......................................................................................................................... 49
Duty Cycle........................................................................................................................49
Using flyback diode..........................................................................................................50
USING MULTIPLE PMUs....................................................................................................51
Basic Diagram..................................................................................................................51
Communication................................................................................................................51
Using PMU Client with multiple PMUs.............................................................................52
CAN STREAM..................................................................................................................... 53
CANbus Export................................................................................................................ 53
CANbus Input...................................................................................................................53
Importing .CANX File....................................................................................................... 54
Standard CAN Stream.....................................................................................................56
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY..................................................................................... 60

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ECUMASTER PMU

ECUMASTER PMU is an inteligent power management unit designed to replace the old, traditional
and often unreliable fuses and relays. PMU is not only an electronic switch, but a device that can
perform all kinds of advanced operations, validate logical conditions, manage abnormal situations,
as well as log its parameters for you to have an oversight. PMU allows you to power up external
devices such as fan, blinkers, wipers, oil pump etc. and create advanced strategies for those
devices using logic with failsafes, condition checking and many more functions. It can
communicate and work in tandem with other ECUMASTER CAN devices. It is equipped with over
and under current protection, surge protection, 3D gyroscope, accelerometer, LED Status lights,
Soft Start, Pulse Width Modulation with Duty Cycle control and more.

Technical

Page 5
Specification

GENERAL
Temperature Range ACEQ100 GRADE1 (-40 to 120C)
CPU 32 bits automotive, 90MIPS
Reverse polarity Yes, internal up to 16V
protection
Operating voltage 6-22V immunity to transients according to ISO 7637
Enclosure IP65, bespoke CNC machined aluminium
Size and weight 131x112x32.5mm, 345g
Connectors 1 x 39 Automotive connector
1 x M6 stud for battery connection
PC communication CAN (Peak CAN, ECUMASTER USBCAN, Kvaser)
Multiple PMUs Up to 5 PMUs can work in tandem
OUTPUTS
10 x high side up to 25A Overcurrent and overheating protection.
output Outputs may be paired to increase continuous current capability.
Current and voltages measured for each output.
Inductive load clamp: Vbat - 36V
Inductive energy dissipation Ear: 460mJ
Peak current: 120A
6 x high side up to 15A Overcurrent and overheating protection.
output Outputs may be paired to increase continuous current capability.
Current and voltages measured for each output
Indoctive load clamp with diode to: -0.5V
Peak current: 120A
Total current output 150A continuous

Output current control step 100mA

PWM Yes, available for each 25A output

Programmable variable Duty Cycle control for each output
Separate frequency setting ranging from 4Hz to 400Hz for each output
Soft Start Yes, available for each 25A output

Low side wipers braking Dedicated output with wiper braking feature.
output Pin shared with output #8
Current limit: 6A
+5V monitored 5V, 500mA output for powering external sensors

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 INPUTS
Analog Inputs 16 inputs, 10 bit resolution, 0-5V (protected), with software selectable
10K Ohm pullup and pulldowns
CAN Keypads 2 x Ecumaster keypads (4, 6, 8, 12 keys), LifeRacing PDU Keypad
OTHER
Output state indication 16 bicolor LEDs
Accelerometer/Gyroscope 3D accelerometer with 3D gyroscope for logging and crash detection
Real Time Clock Yes, super capacitor for backup power (up to 3 days)
CAN BUS
CAN interface 2 x CAN2.0 A/B

CAN standard 2.0A/B 125, 250, 500, 1000 Kbps

Input/Output Stream User defined with bit masking
Up to 48 input messages
LOGGING (PMU16DL only)
Logging Memory 256 Mbytes
Logging Speed Variable, defined per channel, up to 500Hz

PC LOGGING
Logging Speed Variable, defined per channel, up to 500Hz
FUNCTIONS
Logical Operations isTrue, isFalse, =, !=, <, <=, >, >=, AND, OR, XOR, Flash, Pulse,
Toggle, Set/Reset Latch
Number of functions 100
Number of operations 250
Update frequency 500Hz
Special functions Wipers, Blinkers

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SOFTWARE INSTALLATION

Compatibility

PMU Software is compatible with Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10.

Downloading the PMU software

To configure PMU device a PMU Client must be used (both PMU16 and PMU16DL use the same
client). To download PMU software please head to www.ecumaster.com/pmu page.

Installing PMU software

To install PMU software, double click the downloaded “PMUSetup_X_XXX_X.exe”.

Click Next to proceed.

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Choose which folder to install the PMU Client to.

Choose wheter you want a desktop icon or not.

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This is the summary of your installation, if both the folder and icon choice are correct, press Install
to proceed. If not, you can go back to make a quick correction.

After the installation is finished, you can choose to launch PMU Client right away.

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CONNECTING PMU TO PC
CAN – USB interface

To properly connect PMU to PC using USB 2.0 a special interface must be used. PMU Client
supports three interfaces:
• ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface (can be bought directly from www.ecumaster.com)
• PEAK Systems PCAN-USB
• Kvaser USBcan
Each interface must have its drivers installed.
Interface must be bought separately.

ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface

To use ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface, user must be equipped in following items:

• USB A to USB B adapter to connect the interface to PC
• DB-9 Cable to connect interface to PMU
• ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface drivers, available at:
http://www.ecumaster.com/products/usb-to-can/

To install drivers run EUSBtoCAN_Driver_v1.0.exe and follow installation instructions.

Basic cable connection should look like this.

USBtoCAN connection

ECUMASTER USBtoCAN also has LED signaling ability:

Color Description
Green Continuous Device turned on
Green Flashing Device turned on and connected to PC
Green and Orange Flashing Data transfer in progress
Orange Continuous Device turned on, currently in bootloader
Orange Flashing Device turned on, firmware update in progress
Red Continuous Temporary CAN communication error
Red Flashing Permanent CAN communication error

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ECUMASTER USBtoCAN is equipped with 120Ohm CAN terminator which can be switched on or
off by user. Picture below shows terminator switch location:

ECUMASTER USBtoCAN pinout

Page 12
Connecting USB interface, wiring schematics

To connect PMU to PC, CAN1 CANbus must be used. This is the CAN provided for us for PC
communication. To wire the USB - CAN interface, CAN1H and CAN1L pins (See PMU Pinout
section) must be used. Twisted pairing is also recommended. CANbus must also be terminated at
both ends of the bus. ECUMASTER USBtoCAN is equipped with one terminator that can be
switched on or off (See ECUMASTER USBtoCAN interface section).
If the Interface is connected, PMU must be supplied with power, both on the +12SW Pin (See PMU
Pinout section) and the M6 stud.

ATTENTION !
Ground wire connection between USBtoCAN and PMU-16 can be DANGEROUS!
Ground connection is only allowed if devices before connecting have the same ground potential.
Potential difference can be checked by using voltometer between corresponding grounds.

Here is a simple diagram of USB connection, please note that it assumes that the second
terminator is applied by the USBtoCAN interface:

PMU - PC communication

PMU status

PMU device is fitted with LED that signals status of the PMU device.
Picture showing the LED location:

There are 6 possible states of PMU LED:

Color Status
Green Continuous Device is active
Orange Continuous Device is active and connected to PC
Green Flashing Slowly Device is waiting for Firmware Upgrade
Orange Flashing Slowly Device is performing Firmware Upgrade and is connected to PMU

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 Client
Orange Flashing Fast Device is performing Make Permanent operation
Red Continuous Device Error - please contact the distributor or manufacturer directly

CAN protocol, CAN topology

CAN topology looks like this:

CAN Topology
For 1Mbit/s connection (CAN 1), following rules must be abided:
• Maximum unterminated cable length from device to CANbus is 30 cm
• Maximum bus length is 40m.
• Maximum of 30 nodes
• 120 Ohm terminators must be applied at both ends of CAN bus.
• Twisted pairing is required.

For 500kbit/s connection (CAN 2) following rules must be abided:

• Maximum unterminated cable length from device to CANbus is 30 cm
• Maximum bus length is 100m.
• Maximum of 30 nodes
• 120 Ohm terminators must be applied at both ends of CAN bus. PMU is equipped with
CAN2 terminator which can be turned on or off via PMU Client (Tree View → CAN Setup)
• Twisted pairing is required.

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USING PMU SOFTWARE

Launching PMU software

To run PMU software either doubleclick the icon on desktop, or use start menu to find it.

Using PMU software

When PMU Client is launched for the first time, user will be asked to enter the name of his device.
All projects will then be saved to the directory corresponding to devices name.

New device name

After entering the Client, main window will appear:

Default Dekstop/Main Window with highlited Project Tree window

Using the Client is pretty straightforward. The Project Tree window is the most significant one. You
can use it to set up analog inputs, configure power outputs, create functions etc.
To create elements, either use the toolbar with icons located on Project Tree window, use Alt + A
Keyboard shortcut or click Add button, then select the type of element you want to create.

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 Project Tree, adding new Elements

To upload current project to on-device flash memory, either use the Make Permanent button, or
use F2 keyboard button. The PMU status LED will flash with orange color (See PMU Status
section).
To save a copy of your current project on hard drive either use Ctrl+S keyboard shortcut, or use the
Clients toolbar.

Right on the main screen there are also windows with monitoring functionality. They are updated in
real time and show various parameters reported from particular pins as well as values of elements
created by user.

Monitoring Windows

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On the left, there is a Tree View double clicking any item on it, will bring up it's window to current
desktop.

Tree View

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PMU Client workflow

PMU Client workflow is really simple. You can monitor parameters of your channels, make
adjustments, follow the graph log to understand channels behavior, you can create elements, then
use those to control other elements or channels.
Elements and channels in this case can be anything, Power Output, Analog Input, Function, Switch
etc.
Let's take a look at two more in-depth use cases.

These are just two examples of how PMU Client can be used, but the possibilities are endless.

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ELEMENT TYPES

Analog Input

Analog inputs are input devices connected directly to the PMU.

Below is the list of analog inputs supported by PMU.
• Switch - Active High
• Switch - Active Low
• Rotary Switch
• Analog Sensor

Head to Wiring section to see wiring diagrams for each type of analog input.

Power Output

Power Outputs are devices powered by PMU which are connected to particular output pins.
Power Output examples:
• Fuel Pump
• Fan
• Oil Pump

Every Power Output has over current, under current (both user configurable) and overheat
protection. They can be either turned on by default, controlled by function or triggered by another
element such as Analog Input

CANbus Message Object (Mob)

CANbus Message Objects are interfaces needed for data gathering from CAN Stream. They read
a particular number of frames (user defined, up to 8) starting from particular ID (also user defined)
from chosen CANbus. Maximum of 8 CANbus Message Objects can be created for each CANbus.
They also have special timeout flag which can be used to set up a different strategy if a connection
from another CAN device times out.

CANbus Input

CANbus Inputs use CANbus Message Objects to extract data from chosen frame. They are able to
read a user defined number of bits starting from user defined position, then apply offsets, division
or multiplication to the extracted data.

CANbus Keyboard

CANbus Keyboard is an element that provides communication with Keyboard. It is used to define
and handle Keyboard buttons, set their color, type etc.

Switch

You can use two types of switches:

• Latching Switch – switches between user defined number of states.
• Press Hold Switch – short press switches between high and low state, holding it triggers
third state.

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 Number

Number is simply an integer. It can be either a typed in constant or value of chosen channel.
Number is mostly used for comparison or to control Duty Cycle in Pulse Width Modulation (See
PWM section).

Function

Function is one of the most important elements. It can be used to create a set of rules, conditions
to Power on an output device. Function always evaluates to either 0 or 1. If the function is used as
control channel for a Power Output, the Power Output will be turned on if function returns 1 and
turned off if function returns 0. Functions will be explained in depth later on in Functions section.

Wipers Module

Wipers module is a separate module to control the Wipers. It consists of two Power Outputs for
slow and fast wiper speed and an Analog Input for Park Switch. To use park functionality, Output
Pin O8 is provided to use for slow wiper speed. To see the wiring instructions, head to Wiring part
of the manual.

Blinkers Module

Blinkers module is a bit like Wipers Module, it is a separate element which controls the blinkers. It
consists of two Power Outputs for left and right blinkers and needs three inputs (ie. CANbus
Keyboard) to control the Left Blinker, Right Blinker and Hazard Lights.

CANbus Export

CANbus Export allows you to broadcast (send) data to the CANbus, which then can be used by
other CAN device. For example, you can transmit the status of a Fan to other PMU or EMU Black

MANAGING ELEMENTS

Saving elements

Most elements can be saved to hard drive. To save your element, click icon on elements
toolbar and choose where you want to save it.

Loading saved elements

Elements that can be saved, can also be loaded. To load your element, click icon on elements
toolbar and choose file to load.

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FUNCTIONS
Main Principle

The idea behind functions is to create a set of rules by combining different operations for various
channels or elements. This set of rules is evaluated to a logical true (1) or false (0) result. Function
then can be used to turn, for example, Power Output on or off. Quick example could be turning the
secondary fuel pump on if a fault is detected on the primary one.

Operations

Following operations are available to use in functions:

Test Operations
Is True Returns true (1) if channel is true (its value is other than 0)
Is False Returns false (0) if channel is false (its value is equal to 0)
Comparison Operations
Equal Returns 1 if Channel is equal to Constant
Not Equal Returns 1 if Channel is not equal to Constant
Less Returns 1 if Channel is less than Constant
Less or Equal Returns 1 if Channel is less or equal to Constant
Greater Returns 1 if Channel is greater than Constant
Greater or Equal Returns 1 if Channel is greater than or equal to Constant
Logical Operations
And Returns 1 if both Channel #1 and Channel #2 are true
Or Returns 1 if either Channel #1 or Channel #2 or both are true
Xor (Exclusive Or) Returns 1 if either Channel #1 or Channel #2 are true, but not both
at the same time
Pulse Generation Operations
Flash Flash is triggered by Channel and returns 1 for the time specified in
Time On and 0 for the time specified in Time Off as long as
Channel is in High State. If Low State is detected, Flash will
imediately turn off.
Pulse Pulse switches between 1 for the time specified in Time On and 0
for the time specified in Time Off for the amount of times specified
in Count. It can be set to trigger by Rising Edge or Falling Edge.
Pulse will still continue for Count number of times even if Channels
signal is lost. Pulse will also ignore any Channel input until Count is
reached.
If Time On is set to 0, Pulse will generate a short impulse.

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 Operations with state
Toggle Toggles between 0 and 1 whenever Channel triggers a signal edge.
It can be set to trigger by Rising Edge or Falling Edge
If Default State is checked, default state of the Function after device
is turned on will be 1, otherwise 0.
Toggle remembers its last state, therefore if Channel signal is lost,
Toggle will remain in the last steady state.
Set-Reset Latch Set Channel sets the Latch to 1 when a high state is detected on the
selected Channel, Reset Channel resets the Latch to 0 when a high
state is detected on the Channel selected here.
Reset has a priority, therefore if Channels both for Set and Reset are
at high level, the Latch will be reset.
If Default State is checked, default state of the Function after device
is turned on will be 1, otherwise 0.
Set-Reset Latch remembers its last state, therefore if both Channels
are at low state, Set-Reset Latch will remain in the last steady state.

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Function examples

We want the secondary fuel pump to turn on if a fault is detected on the first one or when fuel
pressure drops below or is equal to 400kPa. To do this, we need to create a new function, let's call
it f_switchPumps . Now to test for the first condition we will use Is True operation and to test for the
second, we will use Less Or Equal operation. Their configuration will look like this:

Is True operation Less or Equal operation

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And the final function will look like this:

Switch Pumps function

he flow diagram for that function:

Switch Pumps function diagram

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Another diagram example of Fan Output:

Fan Output function diagram example

CHANNEL LOGGING

Graph Log

PMU Client is equipped with a tool to show channels graph in real time. There are two ways to add
a channel to the graph. First way is to right click on the graph log window, then select Add and type
the channels name. The second way is to select a channel in Output Monitor, Analog Monitor
Variable Selector, or any window from Tree View → Log group, then press Insert keyboard key.
By default two channels are displayed on graph log – the pmu.diag.cpuLoad which displays the
CPU load and the pmu.totalCurrent which displays total current drawn from PMU.

Here is how the Graph Log looks like with few more channels added:

Graph Log

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Logging Frequency

You can change the logging frequency of a channel by right clicking the channel on graph log, then
selecting Set Log Frequency and choosing the desired frequency. Another way is to use Logged
Channels window (Tree View → Logged Channels) . In that window you can see how parameters
are groupped and their logging frequency. It is possible to change logging frequency of a whole
group in the same way as a single channel.

Bolded parameters are the ones being logged (not all parameters are logged by default !). Double
clicking an item here will toggle between logging and not logging it.
If a new element is created, every subchannel related to it is logged as well.

If you are familiar with EMU logging these are the key differences:

– Not all parameters are logged by default

– Parameters are groupped and their logging frequencies can be changed from 1 Hz
to 500 Hz
– Every time an element is created, its subchannels are logged

Logged Channels, groups and their

frequencies

Custom Log

PMU Client allows user to have 3 separate custom logging groups. Any channel can be added to
custom log (Tree View → Custom1, Custom2, Custom3). To add channel to custom group, press
right on the channel you want to add to custom log group and select Add to Custom then choose
the group.

Adding Channel to custom log

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PMU PINOUT

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Output Pins

There are 16 output pins for you to use, 10 pins up to 25A and 6 pins up to 15A. They can be also
used in parallel to increase current capacity (See Using output pins in parallel section)
All Pins are equipped with over and under current protection, short circuit protection, as well as
thermal protection. In case of any of this scenario happening, the output pin will be shut down and
appropriate message will be displayed in the PMU Client and the PMU itself.
For 25A Output Pins, Soft Start is available and PWM with Duty Cycle control (See PWM section)

Input Pins

There are 16 input pins for you to use as well as a separate +5V Pin to provide power for Analog
Inputs such as rotary switches, or analog sensors.

PMU TEMPERATURE, PLACEMENT AND LOAD BALANCING

PMU Placement

PMU should be located in a place that protects it from weather conditions, road debris and road
hazard. Even though PMU case works as a radiator, it is also recommended to place PMU
somewhere where heat can be dissipated easily, preferably with good airflow.

PMU Temperature

PMU has three thermometers located on its board to independently measure temperature in three
separate places.

Thermometers location

There are two places where temperature can be checked in PMU Client, first is the status bar and
the values TL, TR, TF (Temperature Left, Temperature Right, Temperature Flash):

Status Bar

Second is the PMU window which can be accessed by double clicking PMU on Tree View:

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 Tree View → PMU window

If you are experiencing high temperatures, it is advised to move the PMU to a colder place or
provide better airflow to current location.

Output Load Balancing

Another way to handle high temperatures is to connect the devices that draw the most current in a
way that the transistors for their Output Pins are not grouped up together. In other words, it is a
good rule of thumb not to connect devices that draw the most current to output pins which
transistors are located next to each other. This way they can dissipate heat better, resulting in
lower temperatures. Picture below shows the transistor placement for every output pin:

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 PMU output transistors location

Output Pin signaling and status

PMU has an ability to signal condition of each Power Output. It is displayed on the device itself and
in PMU software. When a new Power Output is created, a special variable which represents the
status of Power Output, called output_name.status is created as well. This variable can be used to
create failsafes or conditions, to set up redundancy etc.

All possible values of each o*.status:

Status value in Client LED color Status

0 None OFF
1 Green ACTIVE (ON)
(everything okay)
2 Orange UNDERCURRENT
3 Red OVERCURRENT
(software limit detected and output is
tripped-off by software)
7 Red THERMAL SHUTDOWN
(hardware shutdown occurs,
overtemperature)

1
) Consider everything equal or greater than 3 as OVERCURRENT (software or hardware).
2
) In UNDERCURRENT condition, the output may work (.active=1) or not (.active=0)
3
) OVERCURRENT means that the current over time is higher than specified parameters (maybe
you need to tune parameters)

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4
) THERMAL SHUTDOWN means that no matter what parameters you specify, your setup WILL
NOT WORK (you will need to split the output into two pins, install an additional flyback diode,
disable the SoftStart option, lower the PWM frequency, or disable PWM at all)

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WIRING

Basic diagram

PMU Basic Diagram

This is the basic PMU communication and connection diagram which contains few key elements:
• PC Communication takes place on CAN 1 as this is the CAN specified to use for PC
connection.
• CAN 1 has two 120 Ohm terminators on CAN bus. They are necessary, as PMU does not
provide termination on CAN 1.
• CANbus Keyboard is connected to CAN 2.
• Power to PMU is supplied in two ways: First using the ignition which connects to +12SW
Pin (See PMU Pinout section), second using positive battery terminal which connects to M6
Bolt located on PMU case.

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Wire Size

Suggested wire size for continuous current (chassis wiring, Tefzel)

5A 10A 15A 25A
1mm2 1.5mm2 2.5mm2 4mm2
AWG 18 AWG16 AWG14 AWG12

For the power connecter at least 25mm^2 (AWG3) is required !

Load examples for popular devices

Device Inrush Current [A] Continuous Current [A]

Fuel Pump 15 7
Fan 50 20
Front Lights 16 10
EMU Black 30 25

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Connector current capacity

Outputs current capacity is limited by connector terminal current capacity.

The Sicma 2.8 terminals current capacity is 25A @ 23°C when only single terminal is
loaded and AWG12 (4mm2) wire is crimped correctly.
The Sicma 1.5 terminals current capacity is 19A @ 23°C when only single terminal is
loaded and AWG14 (2.5mm2) wire is crimped correctly.
Poorly crimped terminal, not completely seated terminal or smaller than recommended
wire size will reduce terminal current capacity.
Terminals should be derated according to anticipated temperature of connector
environment and used load balancing pattern.
To safely utilize current capacity, don't place heavily loaded terminals next to each other.
Two 2.8 terminals placed next to each other can only carry 38A total @ 23°C not
50A!
Please also note the temperature derating.
Single 2.8 terminal working in 40°C ambient temperature can safely conduct only
23A current.

Sicma terminal derating for PMU16 - 25A output

28
single 2.8 terminal loaded
26
all 2.8 terminals loaded
24
22
20
18
Continous current [A]

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Ambient temperature [℃]

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 Sicma terminal derating for PMU16 - 15A output
20
single 1.5 terminal loaded
18
all 1.5 terminals loaded
16

14
Continous current [A]

12

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Ambient temperature [℃]

Page 35
ANALOG INPUT WIRING

Wiring schematics

Most important thing to remember is that PMU has dedicated +5V Pin (See PMU Pinout section)
can be used for things like rotary switch, active low switches and analog sensors.
Below are basic wiring diagrams.

• Switch connected to GND with Pull Up

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• PMU Client configuration:

Analog Input + Pullup configuration

• Switch connected to +5V Pin with pull down:

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 PMU Client configuration:

Analog Input + Pulldown configuration

• Rotary switch

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 • PMU Client configuration:

Rotary Switch configuration

Analog Sensor

To connect analog Sensor, +5V and GND Pins must be used (See PMU Pinout section). Output
from Analog Sensor should be connected as a regular Analog Input to PMU.

Analog Sensor diagram:

Analog Sensor diagram

Page 39
 PMU Client Configuration:

PMU Client analog sensor configuration

OUTPUT DEVICES

Power Output

Power Outputs are elements that control external devices. You can set up the Minimum Current,
Maximum Current, Inrush Current, Inrush Time, PWM, and mechanisms to switch the Power
Output on or off.

PMU Client Configuration:

Power Output Configuration

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Simple Power Output Setup

This is a quick example of two popular setups, their wiring diagrams and PMU Client configuration.
Please note that output pins shown here are just an example.

• Power Output that is turned on as soon as PMU is turned on:

Power Output Diagram example 1

PMU Client Configuration:

Power Output configuration example 1

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• Power Output that gets switched on by an Analog Input:

Power Output diagram example 2

PMU Client Configuration:

Analog Input configuration example 2 Power Output configuration example 2

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Wipers

To connect wipers O8 Output Pin must be used for Slow Wiper output. This is the Pin provided to
use and it's the only way to use the park switch ability. For fast wiper output any output pin can be
used except for O8. Park switch must be connected as an Analog Input.

Configuring wipers in PMU Client is pretty easy. There is a module made specifically for wiper
configuration and should be used to set up wipers trouble-free (Project Tree → Wipers Module).
PMU Client Configuration:

PMU Client wipers configuration

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Blinkers

Blinkers diagram
Blinkers should be simply connected to PMU Output Pins. Three input channels should be used in
this configuration - two channels to control blinkers, one channel to control hazard lights.

PMU Client also provides special module designed to configure blinkers in easy way (Project Tree
→ Blinkers Module).

PMU Client blinkers configuration

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CANbus Keyboard

CANbus Keyboard can be connected to any CANbus. If CAN2 was chosen, user has the ability to
change CAN2 speed for CANbus Keyboards such as Life Racing (Tree View → CANbus Setup).
CAN connection must be terminated at both ends. It is possible to use CAN2 terminator from PMU
(Tree View → CANbus Setup). To provide power to CANbus Keyboard one of Output Pins can be
used. Up to two CANbus Keyboards can be connected.

CANbus Keyborad diagram

PMU Client CANbus configuration

PMU Client provides special module for CANbus Keyboard configuration and setup (Project Tree
→ CANbus Keyboard). Refer to your CANbus Keyboard manufacturers documentation to find out
the ID under which CANbus Keyboard works at.

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 Power Output configuration for CANbus Keyboard:

CANbus Keyboard power output configuration

Exporting Keyboard state

While configuring CANbus Keyboard, you can choose to broadcast the Keyboard state and buttons
on chosen CANbus Interface, ID and frequency so that other device such as secondary PMU or
EMU Black can acquire and use them.

Keyboard Export

If CANbus Keyboard is supposed to be used by EMU Black as well, it can be solved in the
following way:

– PMU controls the CANbus Keyboard, handles key switches, backlighting

– PMU exports keyboard state and buttons to CAN under ID 0x0662
– EMU Black reads data exported by PMU from CANbus on ID 0x0662

Using CANbus Keyboard to signal status

CANbus Keyboard can also be used as a signaling device. You can change the color of any button
to represent either the PMU status, or any Power Output status (see Output Pin signaling and
status section). To achieve that, a CANbus Keyboard must be configured and connected (See
CANbus Keyboard section) and chosen button must be set up as an indicator button in PMU
Client.
Here is an example configuration:

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 Keyboard status indicator configuration

This example configures button k_button1 to display the value of pmu.status channel in the
following way:

Status Color Description

0 None All Power Outputs are Off (pmu.status equal to 0)
1 Green At least one Power Output is active (on) and there is no under or over current
condition (pmu.status equal to 1)
2 Orange At least one Power Output is under current and there is no over current
condition (pmu.status equal to 2)
3 Red At least one Power Output is over current (pmu.status equal or above 3)

Keep in mind that the button still works as a normal non-latching switch and can be set up to, for
instance, trigger Master Retry (See Master Retry Channel section) to reset all outputs.

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Using output pins in parallel

PMU allows user to connect output pins in parallel to increase current capacity. Up to three output
pins of the same amperage can be used, granting up to 75A continuous current.

PMU Client configuration example:

Power Output configuration with parallel pins

INERTIA SWITCH
PMU is equipped with a failsafe switch which gets triggered in case of a crash. PMU constantly
monitors its gyroscopic values and acceleration in each axis to react quickly in the worst case
scenario.

Inertia Switch

Inertia Switch immediately shuts down all Power Outputs to prevent any mishaps happening in the
event of a crash. Inertia Switch gets triggered on after exceeding acceleration threshold specified
by user. Inertia Switch can be accessed by Tree View → Inertia Switch :

Inertia Switch configuration

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MASTER RETRY CHANNEL
Master Retry Channel allows user to perform reset of Power Outputs. If a Power Output has
signaled a fault, due to either over or under current condition, triggering a Master Retry will reset it
back to default state. Master Retry can be triggered by any channel or element. Master Retry
configuration can be found in Tree View → Global Output Settings → Master Retry Channel .

Master Retry configuration

PWM (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)

PMU has the ability to apply PWM to 25A Output Pins.
The main principle of Pulse Width Modulation is to limit the amount of Power supplied to Power
Output by alternating power Output on and off.

Pulse Width Modulation

Keep in mind that PWM introduces energy loss to heat due to transistor switching on and off.
Higher frequencies generate more heat, therefore If you are experiencing overheated status on
Power Outputs or high heat in general, either lower the Frequency of PWM, or use a flyback diode
to eliminate flyback and lower the thermal load (See Using flyback diode section).

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Soft Start

PMU has the ability to enable a Soft Start on 25A output Pins. Soft start should be used to prevent
switch-on surges of greater altitude. By varying the time on and time off with chosen frequency and
duration, a Power Output reaches its state gradually.

Soft Start Disabled Soft Start Enabled

Duty Cycle

Duty Cycle represents the percentage of time the Power Output is turned On. If the Duty cycle is
set to 50%, the Power Output will be turned on for ½ of time period.

PWM Disabled PWM enabled with duty cycle = 70%

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Duty Cycle can be either set to constant value, or controlled by a Channel.

PMU Client Configuration Example:

PWM Configuration example

Using flyback diode

PWM does introduce a bit of heat depending on the Device powered, and PWM settings. If you are
experiencing Overheated status on any Pulse Width Modulated Power Output, a flyback diode can
be used to eliminate flyback therefore lowering the output transistors thermal load.

Flyback diode diagram

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USING MULTIPLE PMUs

Basic Diagram

CAN communication diagram

To use PMUs in tandem, it is recommended to use CANbus 1. Both devices must be connected to
the same bus, terminated at both ends with 120 Ohm resistors. Up to five PMUs can be used at
once. For more informations regarding CAN bus see CAN Topology section.

Communication

There is no need for a special configuration per se, but for this setup to work optimally it is advised
to make use of CANbus Export and CANbus Input functionality to transmit important data between
PMUs. It is vital for those two PMUs to communicate with each other, so that proper strategies can
be set up. See CAN Stream section to find out more about CANbus communication.

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Using PMU Client with multiple PMUs

PMU Client allows up to 5 PMUs to be connected simultaneously. You can easily switch between
them either using Menu Bar → Devices → Set Device #X or using Ctrl + Shift + X keyboard
shortcut, where X is the device Number.

Switching between connected PMUs

All currently connected PMUs are also displayed as a list.

List of connected PMUs

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CAN STREAM

CANbus Export

CANbus Export allows user to broadcast various informations on chosen CANbus. It is essential
tool to communicate with other PMUs or ECUMASTER EMU Black device.
CANbus Export can broadcast channel states, values, voltage readings, which then can be read
using CANbus Input on second PMU or EMU Black. PMU Client also allows you to save your
CANbus Export as a .CANX file. This file can be imported by any other PMU.

CANbus Export Example:

CANbus Export

CANbus Input

CANbus Input allows user to read data from CANbus stream using CANbus Mob (See CANbus
Message Object section). You can choose the starting frame, how many bytes to read, how many
bits to read and the endianess (byte order) of the data read. If a CANbus Export was created on
secondary PMU, CANbus Input (with correct CANbus Message Object) can be used to read
exported parameters.

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Importing .CANX File

When creating a CANbus Export, you have the option to save this Export as a .CANX file.
This file can be imported by other PMU to automatically create CANbus Mob with correct ID, Mob
name and CANbus Inputs that correspond to exported Channel.

Example:

Create a CANbus Export, choose broadcasted channels and save it as a .CANX file

Use Import .CANX option from Project Tree to open the .CANX file

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As we can see, a CANbus Mob and CANbus Inputs were automatically created with correct ID

Page 56
Standard CAN Stream

Standard CAN Stream (Tree View → Standard CAN Stream) gives user the ability to broadcast key
PMU parameters over CAN bus to have an oversight.
Parameters themselves are predefined, but user has the ability to broadcast only some part of
them, on chosen CAN bus with chosen ID.

Here is how CAN Stream frames are constructed:

ID BaseID + 0 Frequency: 20Hz

ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
(reserved) 4 bits (0xF0) Unsigned 0-15 - 0 -
0 User error 1 bit (0x08) Unsigned 0-1 - 0 -
1
PMU Status ) 3 bits (0x07) Unsigned 0-7 - 0 -
1 Total Current 8 bits Unsigned 0-255 1A/bit 0 A
2 Battery Voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-27.75 0.1088V/bit 0 V
Board Temperature 8 bits Unsigned 0-255 1C/bit 0 C
3
Left
Board Temperature 8 bits Unsigned 0-255 1C/bit 0 C
4
Right
5 Flash Temperature 8 bits Unsigned 0-255 1C/bit 0 C
(reserved) 2 bits (0xC0) Unsigned 0-3 - 0 -
l6.active 2
) 1 bit (0x20) 0-1
l5.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
6 l4.active 1 bit (0x08) 0-1
Unsigned - 0 -
l3.active 1 bit (0x04) 0-1
l2.active 1 bit (0x02) 0-1
l1.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
(reserved) 2 bits (0xC0) Unsigned 0-3 - 0 -
l6.error )
2
1 bit (0x20) 0-1
l5.error 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
7 l4.error 1 bit (0x08) 0-1
Unsigned - 0 -
l3.error 1 bit (0x04) 0-1
l2.error 1 bit (0x02) 0-1
l1.error 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
1
) The PMU Status is just the maximum value of all of the 16 outputs. This pmu.status
show the status of output in the “worst”condition.
2
) The state of the low side outputs.

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ID BaseID + 1 Frequency: 20Hz
ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
o1.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o1.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
0
o2.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o2.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o3.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o3.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
1
o4.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o4.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o5.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o5.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
2
o6.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o6.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o7.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o7.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
3
o8.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o8.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o9.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o9.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
4
o10.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o10.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o11.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o11.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
5
o12.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o12.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o13.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o13.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
6
o14.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o14.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
o15.status 3) 3 bits (0xE0) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o15.active 1 bit (0x10) 0-1
7
o16.status 3) 3 bits (0x0E) 0-7 - 0 -
Unsigned
o16.active 1 bit (0x01) 0-1
3
) All possible values of each o*.status: 0 -OFF, 1 – ACTIVE (ON), 2 – UNDERCURRENT,
3 – OVERCURRENT, 7 – THERMAL SHUTDOWN. More information is in the section
'Output Pin signaling and status.'

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ID BaseID + 2 Frequency: 62.5Hz
ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 a1.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
1 a2.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
2 a3.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
3 a4.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
4 a5.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
5 a6.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
6 a7.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
7 a8.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V

ID BaseID + 3 Frequency: 62.5Hz

ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 a9.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
1 a10.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
2 a11.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
3 a12.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
4 a13.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
5 a14.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
6 a15.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V
7 a16.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-5 0.0196V/bit 0 V

ID BaseID + 4 Frequency: 20Hz

ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 o1.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
1 o2.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
2 o3.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
3 o4.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
4 o5.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
5 o6.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
6 o7.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
7 o8.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A

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ID BaseID + 5 Frequency: 20Hz
ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 o9.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
1 o10.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
2 o11.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
3 o12.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
4 o13.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
5 o14.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
6 o15.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A
7 o16.current 8 bits Unsigned 0-63.75 0.25A/bit 0 A

ID BaseID + 6 Frequency: 20Hz

ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 o1.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
1 o2.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
2 o3.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
3 o4.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
4 o5.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
5 o6.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
6 o7.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
7 o8.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V

ID BaseID + 7 Frequency: 20Hz

ByteID Channel Data Width Data Type Range Resolution Offset Unit
0 o9.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
1 o10.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
2 o11.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
3 o12.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
4 o13.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
5 o14.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
6 o15.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V
7 o16.voltage 8 bits Unsigned 0-16.19 0.063V/bit 0 V

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DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision Date Changes

1.00 2017.05.01 - initial release
1.01 2017.07.10 - added information about ground connection with USBtoCAN
1.02 2018.06.04 - clarified outputs specification
1.03 2020.09.02 - terminal current rating and derating
1.04 2022.09.05 - Standard CAN Stream: added states of low side outputs in PMU AS
- Standard CAN Stream: frequencies have been corrected to match the
actual device values
- Standard CAN Stream: PMU Status and status of each outputs explained

Page 61
 Output Terminal Max Wire Current Name Comment
Number Current Size
O1 38 25A

O2 39 25A

O3 26 25A

O4 13 25A

O5 12 25A

O6 11 15A

O7 10 15A

O8 9 15A (wipers)

O9 5 15A

O10 4 15A

O11 3 15A

O12 2 25A

O13 1 25A

O14 14 25A

O15 27 25A

O16 28 25A
Analog Terminal Type Pullup/ Name Comment
Number Pulldown
A1 29

A2 16

A3 30

A4 17

A5 31

A6 18

A7 32

A8 19

A9 6

A10 33

A11 20

A12 34

A13 21

A14 8

A15 35

A16 22