Bones of the Lower Limb

Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology

University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine

2017
 BONES OF THE LOWER LIMB

Pelvic girdle:
Hip bone (ilium, ischium, pubis) + sacrum
Free part of lower limb:
Thigh: Femur
Leg: Tibia
Fibula
Foot: Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular bone Tatarsal bones (7)
Cuneiform bones
Cuboid bone
Metatarsal bones (5)
Bones of toes/phalanges (14)
 HIP BONE

ILIUM
P A

Lateral aspect

Synostosis

ISCHIUM
PUBIS
 Intermediate zone of iliac crest
ILIUM
Outer lip of iliac crest Lateral aspect

Tuberculum of iliac
crest
Inner lip of iliac
crest
anterior gluteal line

posterior gluteal
line

Gluteal surface

inferior gluteal line

P A
 ILIUM Medial aspect
Iliac crest

Anterior superior iliac

spine
Auricular surface
Wing of ilium
P
A

Iliac fossa Iliac

Anterior tuberosity Posterior
inferior iliac superior
spine iliac spine

Arcuate line
Posterior
inferior
Body of iliac spine
ilium
Greater sciatic notch
 P Margin A
(limbus) of
acetabulum

Lunate surface Acetabular notch

ACETABULUM
Acetabular
fossa obturator crest

Body of Obturator
ischium groove
Obturator
foramen
Ischial tuberosity Ra ic
mu b
s of pu
is c o r
hiu i
m fer s
In mu
HIP BONE ra

Lateral aspect
 Pecten pubis
(pectinel line) Iliopubic eminence

Obturator groove

c
bi
Pubic tubercle pu Ischial spine
B
od
us or

y
m ri

of
ra pe

is Lesser sciatic notch

Su

ch
Obturator iu
foramen m
A Sy
su m P
rfa ph i u m
ce yse i sch
al
s of
mu
Ra Ischial tuberosity

Pubic crest
(Crista phallica)
Ischiopubic ramus Medial aspect
Inferior pubic
ramus
ISCHIUM AND PUBIS
HIP BONE Auricular surface
A
Medial aspect
Wing of ilium
Anterior superior iliac
spine
Iliac fossa
Anterior inferior Iliac
iliac spine tuberosity P

Arcuate line
Posterior
Body of superior
TERMINAL LINE ilium iliac spine
Posterior inferior
Pecten pubis iliac spine
(pectineal line)
Ischial spine

Symphyseal surface
Ischial tuberosity
 SACRUM DORSAL VIEW
Base of sacrum Lateral part
of sacrum
Superior articular Sacral canal
process
o f Promontory
a
Al cru
m
sa
Lateral
sacral
crest

Medial
Anterior sacral
sacral crest
foramina Transverse
lines Median
sacral
crest
Apex
Posterior (dorsal)
VENTRAL VIEW sacral foramina
Sacral hiatus
(Pelvic surface)
Superior
articular
process
Auricular surface
SACRUM
A
P
Sacral tuberosity
SUPERIOR VIEW
Median
sacral Lateral part of
sacrum Promontory
crest
A

of
Apex of sacrum Base of sacrum

r um g)
sa c (win
LATERAL VIEW

Al a
Superior
articular P
process Median sacral crest Sacral canal
HIP BONE (lateral view)

gluteal surface
HIP
BONE
Abdominal part
/ iliac fossa

(medial view)

pelvic part
 ANTERIOR ASPECT
FEMUR
M Shaft (body)
M

Proximal end
L Distal end
L

Medial lip Lateral lip

M
POSTERIOR ASPECT
M
Linea aspera
 FEMUR
PROXIMAL END
Trochanteric fossa Greater trochanter
Greater trochanter
Fovea for ligament
of head
Head Head
L
L Intertrochanteric
crest
M
Neck Lesser
Intertrochanteric trochanter
line Gluteal
Lesser Medial lip of tuberosity
trochanter linea aspera) (Trochanter
tertius)

Pectineal line
ANTERIOR ASPECT
POSTERIOR ASPECT
 FEMUR DISTAL END

ANTERIOR ASPECT POSTERIOR ASPECT

M
L Medial M
supracondylar
line Intercondylar
line
Adductor
Lateral tubercle
epicondyle Lateral
Popliteaal
surface epicondyle

Patellar Medial Lateral

Medial
surface epicondyle condyle
condyle

Lateral condyle
Medial condyle Intercondylar fossa
FEMUR
Patellar surface INFERIOR ASPECT
Distal end
A

Lateral Medial
epicondyle epicondyle

2 cm
L M

Lateral Medial
condyle condyle

P
Intercondylar fossa
 FEMUR

posterior

anterior
M ANTERIOR ASPECT
Body (shaft)

Anterior border
Distal end
Tibial tuberosity
L Proximal end TIBIA

Interosseus border POSTERIOR ASPECT

Medial border Medial malleolus

M
 TIBIA PROXIMAL END
Intercondylar eminence
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior
intercondylar area

Lateral
Medial
condyle
condyle

Intercondylar
eminence

Fibular articular
facet
M L M

Medial
border Lateral
Interosseus intercondylar Medial intercondylar
border tubercle tubercle

Posterior intercondylar area

Soleal line

POSTERIOR ASPECT SUPERIOR ASPECT

 TIBIA DISTAL END

Interosseus border
A
L Articular facet of
M medial malleolus

Fibular
Inferior articular notch
Medial M surface
malleolus
L

Fibular notch P
Medial malleolus
Groove for tendon of tibialis posterior
and flexor digitorum longus tendon

POSTERIOR ASPECT INFERIOR ASPECT

 Body (shaft) of fibula

Proximal end Anterior border

Interosseus border Distal end
Apex of fibula

FIBULA

Articular facet
of head of Malleolar fossa of
fubula lateral malleolus

Neck of fibula
Articular facet of
PROXIMAL END Lateral malleolus lateral malleolus

Posteromedial aspect DISTAL END Posteromedial aspect

 TIBIA and FIBULA

anterior posterior
 BONES OF FOOT (dorsal view)
Digi
tu s
quin
tus
=D
igitu
L
sm
Digit inim
us qu us
artus Fibula
Digitus
tertius Cu Ca
Digitus secun LC
dus
Tibia
IMC T
Digitus primus = Hallux MC N

M
Metatarsals (5) Tarsal bones (7)
Phalanges (14)

Ca= Calcaneus; T= Talus; N= Navicular; Cu= Cuboid; MC= Medial

cuneiform; IMC= Intermediate/middle cuneiform; LC= Lateral cuneiform
 TARSAL BONES

Navicular
Cuboid
Talus

Intermediate/ Lateral
Calcaneus Medial
middle cuneiform cuneiform
cuneiform
 BONES OF THE FOOT plantar aspect
dorsal aspect
BONES OF THE FOOT
LATERAL VIEW
 BONES OF THE FOOT

MEDIAL VIEW
CALCANEUS
CALCANEUS
 TALUS
Lateral malleolar
surface of talus Superior aspect

Lateral process L
of talus
Neck of talus Navicular
surface of talus

Trochlea of
P talus A
Superior articular
facet of talus

posterior
process of talus Head of talus

medial malleolar M
surface of talus
 posterior process of talus M
(medial tubercle) TALUS
(inferior view)
sulcus tali
Groove for tendon of
flexor hallucis longus median calcanean
surface of talus
posterior process of
talus
(lateral tubercle)

P A

posterior calcanean Navicular

surface of talus anterior calcanean surface of talus
surface of talus
L
 TALUS
S
medial view
Trochlea tali
(Superior facet)
Medial malleolar facet

Posterior
process of
talus (Lateral
tubercle)
A
P

Groove for tendon of flexor sulcus tali Head of talus

hallucis longus Anterior facet for
calcaneus
Posterior process of talus
I
(Medial tubercle)
 S

M NAVICULAR
L
Talar articular
surface
S

I Articular facet for

POSTERIOR ASPECT intermediate
Articular facet for cuneiform
medial cuneiform L

Articular facet for

lateral cuneiform
Tuberosity of navicular bone M

I
ANTERIOR ASPECT
 SUPERIOR ASPECT Articular facet for
A metatarsal IV
Articular facet for
metatarsal V
OS CUBOIDEUM
M
L
Articular facet
for lateral
cuneiform

(Articular facet for S

sesamoid in the tendon
of fibularis/peroneus
longus) L (facies
articularis M
P calcanea)
Articular facet for
calcaneus
I
Calcaneal
process
POSTERIOR ASPECT
 CUBOID inferior aspect

(Articular facet for A

metatarsal V) Groove for tendon of fibularis /
peroneus longus

Tuberosity of cuboid

M L

Calcaneal
Articular facet for calcaneus
process
P
 METATERSALS

Head of Body of Base of

metatarsal metatarsal metatarsal

Tuberosity of metatarsal I

II
III
IV
V

Tuberosity of metatarsal V
 METATERSALS

Head of
metatarsal

Body of
metatarsal

Base of
metatarsal

(Tuberosity of Tuberosity of
metatarsal I) metatarsal V
 PHALANGES
Distal
phalanx
Tuberosity of distal phalanx
(BNA: Unguicular tuberosity)

Middle
phalanx

Head of phalanx
(+Trochlea of phalanx)

Proximal
Body of phalanx
phalanx

Base of phalanx

plantar view dorsal view

 Surgical lines of foot (superior view)

Cu Ca
LC
IMC T
MC N

Tarsometatarsal joints Transverse tarsal joint

Jacques LISFRANC François CHOPART
(1790-1847), French surgeon
(1743-1795), French surgeon
 Surgical lines of foot (dorsoplantar X-ray image)

Cu Ca
LC
IMC
N T
MC

Tarsometatarsal joints Transverse tarsal joint

Jacques LISFRANC François CHOPART
(1790-1847), French surgeon
(1743-1795), French surgeon
This presentation compiled by:
Andrea Czigner
Annamária Kovács
Roland Weiczner