C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR

Paper
1. Contact lenses.
2. Binocular vision & Advanced Orthoptics.
3. Major & Systematic Eye Disease .
4. Public Health, Community & Occupational Optometry.
5. Pediatric Optometry & Geriatric Optometry.
6. Dispensing Optics.

Subsidiary Subject
7. Biostatics & Environmental Science & Health

Paper 1st
Contact lenses

Unit I
1. History of Contact lenses
2. Related ocular anatomy and physiology
3. Related Visual Optics
4. Contact Lens materials, terminology, classification
5. Optics of contact Lenses, comparison spectacles
6. Indications and contraindications
7. Advantages and disadvantages of types of Contact lenses
8. Manufacturing Rigid and Soft Contact lenses – various methods
9. Pre-Fitting examination – steps, significance, recording of results
10. Instruments used for examination
11. Special Investigations in pre-fitting examinations
12. Keratometry and Cornea; topography
13. Slit Lamp examination
14. Discussion with patient, choice of lens type
Unit II
1. Fitting philosophies of contact Lenses – general outline
2. Fitting Rigid Contact lenses
3. Using trial lenses – calculations involved
4. Methods of assessment of Contact Lense fit.
 5. Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on spherical cornea.
6. Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with spherical lenses
7. Types of fit – Steep, Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with toric lenses
Unit III
1. Calculation and finalizing of Contact Lense parameters
2. Ordering Rigid verifying Contact Lense – writing a prescription to the Laboratory.
3. Checking and verifying Contact Lense from Laboratory
4. Modifications possible with Rigid lenses
5. Components of Lens Care systems for Rigid lenses
6. Contact lens solutions- composition necessity advantages.
7. Teaching the patient to insert and remove Rigid lenses.
8. Common handling instructions to first time wearers
9. Special instructions to the patient wearing Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses.
Unit IV
1. Soft contact lens – Law materials, classification, terminology, etc.
2. Manufacturing Soft Contact Lenses –various methods- advantages & disadvantages
3. Various designs Soft Contact Lenses - advantages & disadvantages
4. Pre- Fitting examination – steps, significance, recording of result
5. Special points for in pre-fitting examination of Soft Contact Lenses
6. Discussion with patient choice of lens – type
7. Fitting Soft Contact Lenses general outline
8. Fitting Soft Contact Lenses – methods –Trial set method
9. Using trial lenses . calculations involved
Unit V
1. Fitting Soft Contact Lenses methods first fit method
2. Methods of assessment of Soft Contact Lenses fit.
3. Types of fit – steep , Flat, Optimum – on spherical cornea
4. Types of fit – steep , Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with spherical lenses
5. Types of fit – steep , Flat, Optimum – on Toric cornea with toric lenses
6. Calculation and finalizing of Soft Contact Lenses parameters
7. Ordering Soft Contact Lenses – writing a prescription to the Laboratory
8. Fitting Soft Contact Lenses from stock – advantages, limitations, precautions
Unit VI
1. Checking and verifying Soft Contact Lenses
2. Components of Lens care systems for Soft Contact Lenses
3. Contact lens solutions – composition, necessity, advantages
4. Teaching the patient to insert and remove soft lenses
5. Common handling instruction to first time wearers
6. Special instructions to the patient for using soft lenses
7. Special soft lenses – cosmetics, Disposable , Toric
8. Special Rigid Lenses and designs – Toric, Keratoconus, etc.
Unit VII
1. Special considerations for fitting Contact Lenses, - Children, irregular cornea, Univocal Aphakia,
sports one eyes patients post RK, post PRK
2. Ortho – keratology and myopia
3. Fitting Bifocal and multifocal – RGP & Soft lenses
4. After care and follow up for all Contact Lens patients.
5. Patient Problems – identification, differential diagnosis and management
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR
Paper 2nd
Binocular vision & Advanced Orthoptics.

A. Binocular vision
Unit I
1.1 General introduction
1.2 Binocular vision and space perception development
1. Fusion, diplopia, correspondence
2. Stereopsis, Panum’s area. BSV
3. Stereopsis and monocular due – significance
4. Egocentric location, clinical applications
5. Theories of Binocular vision
6. Relative subjective visual direction
7. Alternation – theory of Binocular Vision
8. Projection theory of Binocular Vision
9. Motor theory of visual orientation
Unit II
Summary of Anatomy of Extra Ocular Muscles
- Rectli and Obliques, PLS
- Innervation & Blood supply
Physiology of Ocular movements
- Center of rotation, Axes of Fick
- Action of individual muscle
Laws of ocular motility
- Donder’s and Listing’s law
- Sherrigton’s law
- Hering’s law
Unit III
Uniocular & Binocular movements – fixation, saccadic & pursuits
- Version & Vengence
- Fixation & field of fixation
- Nystagmus
Near vision complex
a. Accommodation
i) Definition and mechanism (process)
 ii) Methods of measurement
iii) Stimulus and innervations
iv) Types of accommodations
vi) Anomalies of accommodation – aetiology and management

Unit IV
Convergence
i) Definition and mechanism
ii) Methods of measurement
iii) Types and components of convergence – Tonic, accommodative fusional proximal
iv) Anomalies of Convergence – aetiology and management
Pupillary Construction
a. Relation to Accommodation and convergence
b. Physiologic significance
c. Reaction to fusion
Unit V
Visual Acuity
1. Definition and basic concepts
2. Factors of affecting visual acuity
3. Optical effects of spectacles
4. Aniseikonia
5. Sensory adaptations
6. Confusion
7. Suppression
8. Abnormal Retinal Correspondence
9. Blind spot syndrome
Amblyopia
a. Definition and types
b. Investigations
c. Management
1. Eccentric Fixation
2. Investigation and mamagment

B. Advanced Orthoptics
Unit I
1. Neuro-muscular anomalies
-Classification and etiological factors
-History – recording and significance
2. Convergent strabismus
Accommodative convergent squint
Classification
Investigation and Management
B Non accommodative
Convergent squint
Classification
- Investigation and Management

3. Divergent Strabismus
Classification
A & V phenomenon
Investigation and
Management
4. Vertical strabismus
Classification
Investigation and
- Management
Unit-II
5. Paralytic Strabismus
Acquired and Congenital
Clinical Characteristics
- Distinction from comitant and restrictive Squint
6. Investigations

History and symptoms

Head Posture
Diplopia Charting
Hess chart
PBCT
Nine directions
Binocular field of vision

7.Non surgical Management of Squint

8. Restrictive Strabismus
Features
Musculo fascical anomalies
Duane’s Retraction syndrome
Clinical features and management
Brown’s Superior oblique sheath syndrome
Strabismus fixus
Congenital muscle fibrosis
Surgical management

Unit III
1. Orthoptic check up and special instruments
a. Routine Orthoptic examination
b. Special Orthoptic investigation
 c. Instruments used in Orthoptics
d. Diagnosis, prognosis & management methodologies
2. Neuro muscular anomalies
a. Classification
b. Hetrophoria & hetrotopia
c. Orthophoria
d. Concomitant & non concomitant
e. Paralytic squint
Unit IV
Aetiology
Factors responsible
Role of accommodation & convergence
Genetics and occurrence of squint and binocular vision problems.
Outline of Routine Orthoptics examination
Subjective symptoms – description and significance
Unit V
1. History – recording and significance
2. Measurement of angles of deviation
3. Sensory signs of patients
4. Clinical picture of types of squint
a. Accommodative
b. Intermittent
c. Altemate
d. A & V. Phenomenon
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR

Paper 3rd
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C. Major Eye Disease-

Unit I
1. Cataract
2. Glaucoma
3. Retinal detachment
Unit II
1. Cornea ulcer & opacities
2. Visual loss – ophthalmic lesion
3. Diabetic Retinopathy
Unit III
1. Macular degeneration
2. Chemical burns

D. eye disease
Unit-1

1. ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
i. Pathophysiology, classification, clinical examination, diagnosis, complications and
management.
ii. Hypertension and the eye
2. DIABETIS MELLITUS
i. Pathology, classification,clinical features, diagnosis, complications and management.
ii. Diabetes mellitus and the eye
3. ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE – EMBOLISM
i. Rheumatic fever – pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, complications and
management.
ii. Embolism
iii. Subacute bacterial endocarditis
4. CANCER – INTRODUCTION
 i. Definitions, nomenclature, characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasm.
ii. Grading of staging of cancer, diagnosis principles of treatment.
iii. Neoplasia of the eye.
5. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE
i. Anatomy and pathophysiology : Arthritis
ii. Eye and connective tissue disease.
6. THYROID DISEASE
• Anatomy and physiology of thyroid gland, Classification of thyroid disease.
• Diagnosis, complications, clinical features, management, thyroid disease of the eye
Unit II
1. TUBERCULOSIS
i. Eetiology, pathology,clinical feature, pulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosis, complications,
treatment, tuberculosis and the eye
2. HELIMTHIASIS
i. Classification of helimenthic disease, schistosomiasis, principles of diagnosis and
management.
ii. Helimenthic disease and the eye (Taenia, echinococcus, larvae migrans)
3. COMMON TROPICALAILMENTS, (Malaria, leprosy, etc.)
i. Introduction to tropical diseases : Malaria.
ii. Tropical diseases and the eye – leprosy, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, trachoma.
4. MALNUTRITION
i. Etiology, protein energy malnutrition, water electrolytes, minerals,vitamins, nutritional
disorders and the eye.
5. INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY
I. Inroduction, components of the immune system, principle of immunity in health.
II. Immunology in disease, Immunology and the eye.
Unit III
1. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-STROKE/CVA
i. Disseminated sclerosis and subacute combined degeneration
ii. Anatomy and patho-physiology
iii. Disseminated sclerosis, subacute combined degeneration
iv. Eye and connective tissue disease.
2. GENERAL, MEDICAL EMERGENCIES – FIRST AID
i. Ocular and first aid
3. GENETICS
I. Introduction to genetics
II. Organisation ofthecell
III. Chromosome structure and cell division
IV. Gene structure and basic principles of genetics
V. Genetic disorders and their diagnosis
VI. Genes and the eye
VII. Genetic counselling and engineering
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR

Public health , Community Optometry and Occupational Optometry

A Public health , $ommunity Optometry

Unit I
PHYLOSOPHY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
History of public health
History of public health optometry (including epideology, man power, projections, community
reimbursement mechanisms)
Unit II
HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS
Organisations of health services (principles of primary, secondary and tertiary care)
Detriments of health care delivery system
Planning of health services (including revelent legislation and implications to optometric practice)
Health economics
Health manpower protection and in the practice of ophthalmology
Third party involvement in financing health care services (including both governmental and non
governmental programme)
Quality assurance
Unit III
MODES OF HEALTH ANDVISION CARE DELIVERY
Solo and group practice modes
Multidisciplinary and institutional practice modes
Optometry’s role as a care primary care profession

B Occupational Optometry
Lecturer Topics
Unit-1
1. Introduction to occupational health, hygiene and safety International Bodies like ILO. WHO, National
bodies like Labor institutes, National institute of occupational health, National Safety Council etc.
2. Acts and Rules
Factories Act, and Rules
Workmen’s compensation
 ESI Act, etc.
Unit-2
3. Occupational diseases/occupational related diseases caused by-physical agents, chemical agents and
biological agents
4. Occupational hygiene,environmental monitoring, Recognition, evaluation, control of hazards.
Illumination – definition, measurements, standards.
5. Occupational safety.
Causes of accidents. Vision, Lighting, colorand their role.
Accident analysis. Accident prevention
Unit-3
6. Ocular and visual problems of occupation
Electromagnetic radiation
Ionising Non-ionising-infrared, Ultra violet , Microwave laser
Injuries-mechanical, chemical
Toxicology – metals, chemicals
7. Prevention of occupational diseases
Medical examinational / medical monitoring
Pre-employment / pre placement
Periodic
8. Personal protective equipment
General
Goggles,face shields etc.
Selection and use
Testing for standards
9. Standards
Visual standards for jobs.
10. Problems of special occupational groups
Drivers, pilots and others
Unit-4
11. Field work – submission of reports
Visits to : Regional Labour Institute selected industires
12. Visual display units (terminals) VDU/VDT
Contact lens and work
Pesticides - general and visual and ocular defects
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR
Paper 5th

Pediatric optometry & Geriatric optometry

A Pediatric optometry

UNIT-1:
HISTORY
1. Genetic factors
2. Prenatal factors
3. Perinatal factors
4. Postnatal factors
5. Measurement of visual acuity
Normal Appearance, pathology and structural anomalies of
I. Orbit
II. Eyelids
III. Lacrimal system
IV. Conjunctiva
V. Cornea
VI. Sclera
VII. Anterior chamber, uveal tract, pupils
VIII. Lens
IX. Vitreous, Funds
X. Oculomotor system
6. Measurement of refractive status
7. Determining binocular status
8. Determining sensory motor adaptability
UNIT-2:
COMPENSATORY TREATMENT AND REMEDIAL THERAPY FOR
1. Myopia
2. Pseudo myopia
3. Hyperopic
4. Astigmatism
5. Anisometropia
6. Amblyopia

UNIT-3:
REMEDIAL AND COMPENSATORY TREATMENT FOR STRABISMUS AND
NUYSTAGMUS
1. vergence and accommodation

B Geriatric Optometry
UNIT-1:
1. Structural and morphological changes in the eye
 2. Physiological changes in the eye course of aging
3. Optical and refractive changes in the eye
4. Aphakia, psuedophakia-it’s correction
5. Introduction to geriatric medicine – epidemiology , need for optometry care, systemic diseases
(Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, congestive Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease,
Diabetes, COPD)
6. Ocular diseases common in old eye, with special reference to cataract disorders, vascular
diseases of the eye
7. Contact lenses in elderly
8. Pharmacological aspects of aging
UNIT-2:
1. Special considerations in ophthalmic dispensing to the elderly
2. Management of visual problems of aging
3. How to carry on one’s visual task overcoming the problems of ageing
4. Low vision causes, management and rehabilitation in geriatrics
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR
Paper 6th
Dispensing Optics

Unit-1
1. Components of spectacle prescription & interpretation,
2. transposition,
3. Add and near power relation
Unit-2
2. Frame selection –
based on spectacle prescription, professional requirements, age group, face shape
3. Measuring Inter-pupillary distance (IPD) for distance & near, bifocal height
Unit-3
4. Lens & Frame markings,
Pupillary centers, bifocal heights, Progressive markings & adjustments – facial wrap, pantoscopic tilt
5. Recording and ordering of lenses
(power, add, diameter, base, material, type, lens enhancements)
6. Neutralization –
Hand & lensometer, axis marking, prism marking
Unit-4
7. Faults in spectacles
(lens fitting, frame fitting, patients complaints, description, detection and correction)
8. Final checking & dispensing of spectacles to customers,
9. counseling on wearing & maintaining of spectacles,
10. Accessories – Bands, chains, boxes, slevets, cleaners, screwdriver kit
11. Spectacle repairs – tools, methods, soldering, riveting, frame adjustments
Unit-5
12. Special types of spectacle frames
Monocles
Ptosis crutches
Industrial safety glasses
Welding glasses
13. Frame availability in Indian market
14. FAQ’s by customers and their ideal answers
 C L GUPTA EYE INSTITUTE, MORADABAD

Bachelor of Optometry
THIRD YEAR

Paper 7th

Biostatics & Environmental Science & Health

A. Biostatics
Unit I- Statistics
1. Correlation and Regression
2. X2- test (2x2)
Unit II- hospital statistics
6. Introduction to biostatistics epidemiology
7. Measures of morality
8. Descriptive epidemiology
9. Biological variability
10. Screening
11. Sampling
12. Statistical significance
13. Retrospective studies
14. Prospective studies
15. RCT
16. Association and Causation
17. Bias and Confounding
18. Sample size determination
19. Survival analysis

B. Environmental Science & Health

Unit-1
General
I:-Biotic and abiotic environment
II:-Adeverse effects of Environment Pollution
III:-Control stratgies
Unit-2
WaterPollution:
I-WaterQuality standards for potable water
II-Impurities in water and their removal
III:Defluoridation
IV:Self purification of streams
Unit-3
:-Air pollution;
I-Source of air contaminants
II-Adverse effects on human health
III-Measures to check air pollution
IV-Greenhouse effect
V-Acid Rain
VI-Ozone depletion
Unit-5
(A)Biomedical Waste Managment
I-Introduction to Bio-medical waste
II-Types of bio-medical waste
III-Collection ofbio-medical waste
IV-Treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste
(B) Solid waste Managment
I-Introduction to solid waste
II-Its collection and disposal
III-Sanitary land-filling
IV-Vermin-composting
V-Hazardous waste management
Unit-6
(A)Land Pollution
I-Soil conservation
II-Land erosion
(B) Ecology
I-Busies of species
II- Biodiversity
III-Population dynamics
IV-Energy flow
V-Ecosystems

INTERNSHIP

Internship is a phase of training wherein a graduate is expected to conduct actual practice of medical radiology
technology and acquire skills under supervision so that he /she may become capable of functioning independently.
CLINICAL TRANING FROM
THE FIRST YEAR TO THE
LAST YEAR OF
THE PROGRAMME

Bachelor Of Optometry
1) First year :
a. Role play
b. Clinical Observations
c. Vision Check
d. Basic Lensometry

2) Second year :
a. History taking
b. CEVS practical
c. Refraction Hands On
d. Clinical Observations
e. Vision screening camps

3) Third year :
a. Clinical Observation
b. Hands-on under senior optometrists
c. Case reporting
d. Case discussion
e. Vision screening camps
f. Diagnostic interpretations

4) Internship :

Primary Eye Care 25 %

Dispensing Optics 25 %

Contact Lens 10%

Low Vision Aids 10%

Orthoptics 10%

Diagnostics 05 %

Anterior Segment 10%

clinic

Posterior Segment 05%

Clinic
 Procedures Minimum Comments
Number

1st year Role Play ( Patient- 10 cases

Optometrist)
CLINIC - I

Clinical Observation 10 cases

and Report writing

Visual Acuity 20 cases

( Snellen’s Chart) –
Distance + Near

Lensometry

(Spherical lenses)

2nd year History taking 30 cases Can practice on the following

complaints : Blurred Vision,
(1st Semester) General Headache, Pain, redness,
Specific
Watering, Flashes, Floaters,
Conditions
Blackspots
CLINIC -II

Lensometry 100 cases Simple Sphere, Simple cylinder,

Spherocylinder (90, 180,
Oblique degrees),Bifocals, PAL

Visual Acuity 100 cases Simulation, especially to show

and ask the students to interpret
Pinhole acuity the findings.

Extra ocular Motility 10 cases

Cover test 10 cases Video output Simulation of

various conditions

Alternate Cover test 10 cases Video output Simulation of

various conditions
Hirschberg test 10 cases Video output Simulation of
various conditions

Modified Krimsky test 3 cases Video output Simulation of

various conditions

Push up test 10 cases ( 1

(Amplitude of case in
Accommodation) presbyopic
age)

Push up test ( Near 10 cases

point of Convergence)

Stereopsis test 10 cases

Tear Break up time 10 cases

Amsler’s Grid test 10 cases Simulation of various conditions

(simulate)

Photostress test 10 cases

( Normals)

Color vision test 10 cases

Schirmer’s test 10 cases

Confrontation test 10 cases

Torch light Examination 50 cases

Slit lamp examination 10 cases

Digital tonometry 10 cases

Syringing 10 cases

Schiotz Tonometry 10 cases

 (Normals)

Applanation Tonometry 10 cases

(Normals)

Negative Relative 10 cases

Accommodation

Positive Relative 10 cases

Accommodation

von Herick Grading of 10 cases

Anterior chamber depth

Accommodative 10 cases
facility(+ 2.00 D)

Corneal Sensitivity test 10 cases

IPD 10 cases

Proptosis evaluation 1 demo Video demonstration of cases

Ptosis evaluation 1 demo Video demonstration of cases

Pupillary evaluation 10 cases

Direct
Consensual
RAPD
HVID 10 cases

Maddox rod (Phoria) 10 cases

Negative Fusional 10 cases

vergence

Positive Fusional 10 cases

Vergence

2nd year

(2nd semester)
CLINIC-III

Retinoscopy- 25 + 25 +25 Model eye for retinoscopy.

cases
Static, Dynamic and

Cycloplegic
Retinoscopy

Keratometry 25 cases

A-Scan Biometry 25 cases

Subjective Refraction 25 cases

JCC
Clock Dial
Duochrome
Borish Delayed

Addition calculation 25 cases Give more simulated problems

and discuss on it

3rd year

(1st semester) 10 cases Show slides of various

commonly seen retinal
Direct ophthalmoscope ( Normals) conditions
CLINIC IV

Visual Field charting & 10 cases - Both kinetic and Static

interpretation discussion

B scan Interpretation 10 cases -

discussion

A scan chart 10 cases - Discussion having different

Interpretation discussion types of wave patterns
 Case Analysis 10 cases

+90 D lens 10 cases Slides of various Cup: Disc

ratios can be shown
( Normals)

3rd year Gonioscopy 5 cases Slides of abnormal angles

(2nd semester) ( Normals)

CLINIC V

Fluorescein 10 cases
Angiography

Posting in optometry 5+5+5+5+10 Pediatric/contact lens/Low

clinics cases vision/ Orthoptics/

GOPD

Camps 4 camps School screening, Cataract

IDO (on each other) 10 Slides of abnormal fundus

cases(Norma
ls)

Case Analysis Pathology

- 5+ 5+ 5+ 5 Binocular Vision
cases
Clinical Refraction

Dispensing optics

4th year General OPD 500 cases Weekly 1 case report

submission
CLINICAL (History taking –DO)
INTERNSHIP

Contact Lens 20 cases ( 5 Totally 3 different case reports

RGP+ 5 Soft submission at the end of the
+ 5 toric ) postings

Optical 100 cases Weekly 1 case report

submission

Low Vision care Clinic 10 cases Totally 3 different case reports

submission at the end of the
 postings

Binocular Vision clinic 10 cases Totally 3 different case reports

(Orthoptic) submission at the end of the
postings

Ophthalmology clinic 50 cases Totally 3 different case reports

submission at the end of the
(Common eye postings
conditions)

Camps 10 camps Camp report submission

Eye Banking & Report submission

Counseling