Dispersion Project

Physics project work
Project work submitted by

Group members:
 Rohit kumar mahato Class: 11(P2)

 Rohit sah Faculty: Science
 Rooj maharjan
 Samridh hada
 Samyan sharma
Submitted to:
Department of physics
Kathmandu model secondary school
Balkumari, Lalitpur
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teachers
as well as our principal who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic dispersion of light which also helped
me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many things
I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limit time frame.
Index
Page no
 Introduction 1
 White light and visible line 2
Spectrum
 Wave length and frequency 3
Table
 Dispersion 4
 Causes of dispersion of light 5
 Examples of dispersion of light 6
 Rainbow formation 7
Introduction
A rainbow shining against a gloomy stormy sky is a sight that everyone
loves. How does sunshine shining through pure raindrops produce the
rainbow of colors observed? A transparent glass prism or a diamond uses
the same method to break white light into colors. There are about six
colors in a rainbow—red, black, yellow, green, blue, and violet; indigo is
often identified as well.
Specific wavelengths of light are correlated with certain colors.
Depending on the wavelength, we expect to see only one of the six colors
as we absorb pure-wavelength light. Our eye’s response to a combination
of various wavelengths produces the thousands of other colors we can
detect in other conditions. White light, in fact, is a combination of all
visible wavelengths that are fairly uniform.
Because of the combination of wavelengths, sunlight, which is known
bright, tends to be a little yellow, but it does include all visible
wavelengths. The colors in rainbows are in the same order as the colors
plotted against wavelength. This means the white light in a rainbow is
distributed according to wavelength. This scattering of white light is
known as Dispersion. More precisely, dispersion happens if a
mechanism changes the direction of light in a wavelength-dependent
way. Dispersion can occur with any form of wave and is often associated
with wavelength-dependent processes.
1.
What is a White Light?
Sometimes you have noticed that when you face towards the sun and see
the sky you see the white light in the sky it is not really a white light it is
a mixture of several colors. We can say that white light is the mixture of
several colors having different wavelengths and frequency points on the
same spot. We can also say that the complete blend of all the wavelengths
of the spectrum is known as White Light.
The natural sources of white light are stars and the sun. The source of
white light in the solar system is the sun. The artificial white light can be
created with the help of LED and fluorescent light bulbs.
What is the Visible Light Spectrum?
Visible light waves are one of the significant forms of

electromagnetic waves just like X-rays, infrared radiation, UV-rays,
and microwaves. These waves can be visualized as the colors of the
rainbow, with each color possessing a different wavelength. The
wavelength of red is the longest, while that of violet is the smallest.
White light is formed when all the waves are seen together. As white
light passes through the lens, it splits into the visible light spectrum’s
colors. The visible light spectrum is a portion of an electromagnetic
spectrum which can we can see from our naked eyes. The human eye can
only see light with a specific wavelength only, and it ranges between 380
and 740 nm. If we are considering the frequency then the range of
frequency varies between 405 and 790 THz. The visible light spectrum
and wavelength, the frequency for corresponding colors are shown
below:
2.
Colors Wavelength Frequency
Violet 380-450 nm 680-790 THz
Indigo 450-485 nm 620-680 THz
Blue 485-500 nm 600-620 THz
Green 500-565 nm 530-600 THz
Yellow 565-590 nm 510-530 THz
Orange 590-625 nm 480-510 THz
Red 625-740 nm 405-480 THz
3.
Dispersion
The phenomenon of splitting of visible light into its component

colors is called dispersion. Dispersion of light is caused by the
change of speed of light ray (resulting in angle of deviation) of
each wavelength by a different amount.
The dispersion of a light wave by a prism is shown in the diagram.
As white light is incident on a glass prism, the emergent light
appears to be multicolored (violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow,
orange and red). The light that bends the least is red, while the
light that bends the most is violet. Dispersion is the process of light
breaking into its constituent colors. The continuum of light is the
pattern of color components in light.
When light falls on the surface it dispersed into several colors
depending on the wavelength of the color or the frequency, as we
know that frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to
each other. Each color has its own wavelength and frequency, so
we see different colors for the same white light.
4.
Causes of the Dispersion of Light
 The various degrees of refraction produced by different colors

of light cause dispersion. In a vacuum, various colors of light
travel at the same speed, but in a refracting medium, they travel
at different speeds.
 Violet light travels at a much slower speed than red light. As a
result, violet light has the highest refractive index of the
medium, while red light has the lowest.
 As a result, violet light has the highest refractive index, while
red light has the lowest refractive index (in the visible spectrum).
As a consequence, violet-colored light refracts or bends the
most, while red-colored light refracts the least.
 The dispersion of white light into its constituent colors as it
emerges from a prism is caused by the disparity in the degree
of bending of various colors of light.
5.
Examples of Dispersion of Light
 Dispersion of white light through a prism: As shown in the

figure, when white light falls on the prism a collection of seven
colors found to come out from the prism due to the dispersion.
 Dispersion due to Oil on Road: Small amounts of oil are
usually present on the road surface e.g. lubricating oil from
automobiles, which give rise to bands of beautiful colors when
it rains.
 Formation of Rainbow: A rainbow is considered to be one of
the most amazing light displays ever seen on the planet. A
rainbow is a multicolored arc formed by light striking water
droplets. Rainbows are formed during rain by the absorption,
refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets. All of these
phenomena provide a light spectrum in the sky, which is known
as a rainbow.
 Dispersion in a Diamond: Diamond dispersion is where white

light enters a diamond (or any dense object), separates into all
the spectral colors of the rainbow, and bounces back to the
viewer’s eyes in a wonderful display of colored light, also known
as diamond fire.
6.
Rainbow Formation
A Rainbow is formed of seven colors (VIBGYOR) Violet, Indigo,

Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red. When rain happens the drops
of rain falling on the surface works like a prism and when sunlight
falls on the drops of water the rays of the sun scatter into different
colors and form a rainbow, and sometimes we may also see
multiple rainbows. In this concept drops of water, acts likes a prism
and create a rainbow. Drops of water are nothing but the spherical
ball containing the water and having the refractive index of water
(1.333) which makes the white light to dispersed and forming a
beam of light of several called rainbow.
Therefore, the necessary conditions for the formation of the
rainbow are: the presence of water droplets or raindrops and the
position of Sun must be at the back side of the observer of
rainbow.
7.
Refernces
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dispersion-of-
light/
 https://byjus.com/physics/refraction-and-
dispersion-of-light-through-a-prism/
 https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/L
esson-4/Dispersion-of-Light-by-
Prisms#:~:text=The%20separation%20of%20vis
ible%20light,upon%20passage%20through%20
a%20prism.

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Physics project work

Project work submitted by

 Rohit kumar mahato Class: 11(P2)

What is the Visible Light Spectrum?

Visible light waves are one of the significant forms of

Violet 380-450 nm 680-790 THz

Indigo 450-485 nm 620-680 THz

Blue 485-500 nm 600-620 THz

Green 500-565 nm 530-600 THz

Yellow 565-590 nm 510-530 THz

Orange 590-625 nm 480-510 THz

Red 625-740 nm 405-480 THz

The phenomenon of splitting of visible light into its component

 The various degrees of refraction produced by different colors

 Dispersion of white light through a prism: As shown in the

 Dispersion in a Diamond: Diamond dispersion is where white

A Rainbow is formed of seven colors (VIBGYOR) Violet, Indigo,

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