Hanoi University of Science and Technology

FINAL EXAM
TECHNICAL WRITTING AND PRESENTATION

Name : Tran The Vinh

Student ID : 20192176
Authors : Alok Kumar Gupta ; Rahul Johari
Article Title : IOT based Electrical Device Surveillance and Control System
Published in: 2019 4th International Conference on Internet of Things: Smart
Innovation and Usages (IoT-SIU)
Date Added to IEEE Xplore: 29 July 2019
 IOT based Electrical Device Surveillance and
Control System
20192176
Abstract—with every enhancement in Internet in terms of debate on security on using IOT, as it transfer data into an
speed and bandwidth, IOT (Internet of Things) takes the market open cloud system. Proper care and precaution needs to be
on a new node and knocking the door with new opportunities taken in order to implement IOT [4].
of inventions. This paper talks about an energy saving electrical
device surveillance and control system based on IOT. A large
amount of energy is consumed by lighting appliances, so making III. LITERATURE SURVEY
improved efficiency and quick fault detection is a significant ESP module [5] and wi-fi based remote control automatic
challenge. In this work, two different model approaches is surveillance system is intelligent and provides a safe, secure
followed depending on the nature of application. For small areas
and economical way for indoor and outdoor electrical device
or confined premises IEEE 802.11 wireless technology is used
where all the appliances is connecfted to a common wi-fi network. control and monitoring.
In the second model like street lamp pole where number of Majority of the street lamps have used LDR based control
appliances grows only in one direction, wired configuration is system [6] which turns on the street lights in night and turns
used to avoid range issue. off the street lights in day. Street lamp or the on premise
light system still consumes lotof electricity when there are few
Keywords—Street Light; Wireless Communication; Node Red;
Signal Control; IEEE 802.11; Node MCU; ESP8266; Energy
vehicles around or no people in the office, as the new design is
Efficiency; Raspberry Pi; MCP23008. better in providing the option to manually monitor and control
through mobile or web based portal. Simultaneously, providing
feedback of the faulty devices through sensors to the concerned
I. INTRODUCTION
authority to quickly fix the issue may be convenient to the end
IOT is system of related sensors, computing and digital user.
devices spread across the globe over the internet which can Many systems have been developed based technologies
communicate amongst them to share and transfer information like GSM [7] and Zig bee[8]. GSM modem which needs
using unique id which is assigned to each and every device, an active SIM to send/receive SMS through microcontroller.
as UIDs (Unique Identifiers). With the growing of different Here the street controller 89C51 is connected to GSM modem
commercial premises and societies, the focus to automate these through its UART port (Serial Ports).Sim card used in the GSM
premises have increased drastically. Also the growing traffic module may be compromised with certain risk and also the cost
mess in the cities has pushed everyone towards a better and of developing such system is quite high. Security algorithm
more reliable electrical control system. A user friendly web adopted in GSM (e.g. A3, A5) is all not disclosed algorithms.
application and mobile based surveillance and control system The researchers have proved that these algorithms cannot prove
connected to IOT cloud server is used here for more energy 100% security. Lastly, every time, the GSM module sends a
conservationand early resolution in case of any fault detection. signal through SMS a minimum balance has to be maintained
In this new growing era where smart cities are taking into in each individual GSM module of the connected network.
shape, the effort for optimal energy based traffic signal and So there is an overhead maintenance cost included. Zig bee
light control system has gained pace. So effort has been taken module is costlier in nature as compared to Node MCU which
to provide a reliable and user friendly application for easy to is very lesser as compared.
use and monitor the electrical devices. Severalarchitectures have been developed to implement wire-
less system. Comparison chart is given in Table I.
II. APPLICATIONS OF IOT
NodeMCU chips are a quite lesser in cost than compared
IOT has great application many of the fields, for example: to other contemporary chips. This chip is manufactured by
1) Smart Exam based on IOT to access student difficulty and Chinese company [5] which has in built MCU and TCP/IP
disability to attempt exam questions [1]. This system allows layer. The key focus area of this is cheap cost, less power
analyzing the ability of student to understand a given topic or consumption than other controllers and reliable performance.
subject area. There are various application of NodeMCU: home automation,
2) Patient health monitoring application from remote place electronic product and medical equipment.
based on IOT [2]. The proposed surveillance and control system in this paper
3) Nowadays, vehicle monitoring system is developed to get is divided into two categories:
the live feedback of vehicle movement and track its perfor- 1) On premise.
mance [3]. 2) One directional.
4) IOT has also given opportunity for criticizers for an open Though both the categories have same purpose but differ in the
 TABLE I. DIFFERENT WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE
Here for this project I have used Raspberry Pi as a
Different Wireless Master controller for its slave (electrical device). Raspberry Pi
Criteria NodeMCU Zigbee 802.11 Bluetooth IR Model B specification [10] are ATmega328 microcontroller,
Wireless
input voltage 7 to 12v,DC current 40mA, operating voltage
Data rate Max.300 Max.250 Max.54 Max.25 Max.4
kps kps mps mps mps
at 5v, 20v limit of input supply voltage, 40 GPIO pins,
Range 225 10-100 32 meters 5-30 10 meters
32Kb flash memory. Raspberry Pi can be powered through
meters meters indoor meters USB connection or external power supply, with the range 7
and 95 to 12 volts. Raspberry Pi has input and output pins which
meters
outdoor may be used as power source for various device. A Software
Networking Ad-hoc Ad-hoc Point to Ad-hoc Point to Serial library allows for serial communication on any of the
Topology hub point input/output digital pins. The Arduino provides an IDE for
Frequency 2.4 2.4 2.4 ; 5 2.4 800-900 programming the Raspberry Pi board, this Arduino IDE can be
of operation nm
(GHz)
downloaded from the Arduino official website which is license
Complexity Low Low High High Low
free. This IDE is supported for every product of Arduino
Power Con- Very Low Very Low High Low Low
components.
sumption
Security WPA/ 128 AES 64 and
WPA2 128 bit
encryp-
tion

system design. One directional focuses mainly on long distance

control like traffic signals which works on wired communica-
tion through its Master Controller (Raspberry Pi) [9]. This pi
has several input/output pins which are connected to devices.
Further pi is connected to Cloud server to process the data and
send information to end user in mobile or web application. On
premise uses NodeMCU module to communicate to Master
controller over the HTTP protocol through internet to detect
the faulty devices in the system. Fig. 2. Raspberry Pi- Microcontroller development boardModule.

The GPIO pins are further expanded using multiplexer

MCP23008 (Fig. 3). This comes handy in case where hundreds
of street lamps need to be connected to Master Controller
raspberry Pi.

Fig. 1. NodeMCU Module.

The NodeMCU as shown in Fig.1 has assimilated TCP/IP Fig. 3. MCP23008 Multiplexer.
protocol that can give any microcontroller entrance to the
Wi-Fi network that supports 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11 Wi-Fi
standards). NodeMCU is capable of either connecting to an Master controller is connected via Cloud serverto Mobile
existing wireless connection or hosting an application over http application with graphical representation or a Web application
protocol. Each NodeMCU module comes preprogrammed with which can accessed from anywhere. The application is devel-
an AT command set firmware which means one can simply link oped using Node RED. Node Red provide feature to drag and
this up to your Raspberry Pi device and get about like Wi-Fi drop connection to connect different devices on application.
shield. This help in speedy development of the application.
 IV. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
As mentioned earlier the whole system is divided in two
categories.
On premise System:
Fig. 4 shows the block diagram of proposed ESP module based
surveillance and control system. It consists of street lamps,
sensors to detect flow of current, relay to control the on/off
of the device and a 5 v power supply converter and node
MCU at the slave end (electrical device). Sensors are used
to control electrical appliance and send the analog signal of
the environment to the system and perform the related task.
Master end consists of Raspberry Pi 3 controller connected
to Internet connection. The purpose of microcontroller is
to take the data from all the street lamps through Wi fi
connection and convert them into serial communication. The
signal is transferred through the sensors to NodeMCU which in
turns transmit the signal wirelessly to master control terminal.
Master controller detects the signal and perform appropriate
Fig. 5. Block diagram of Wi-Fi based survilience and control system (One
task in case there is detection of failure of street lamps. directional)
The transmission system comprises of NodeMCU at electrical
device end which receives information though sensors attached
to the device. At the other end, master controller (Raspberry
Controller Raspberry Pi to the street lamp device. This Pi is
Pi) which receives information wirelessly and send the data
turn is connected to Cloud server and web application.
to a central monitoring system. Web application presents the
A. Master Controller: It acts like brain for the whole
graphical representation of the received data from the electrical
device control and monitoring system. Raspberry Pi receives
devices.
and transmits signals to and from slave nodes over wired
connection. At the same time, it sends the feedback to a
central monitoring application for visual display of the status
of different electrical devices.
B. Slave Node: Each lamp controller is connected to
Master Controller to send and receive information about the
status of the device. Based on the current sensor detector,
signal is send to the Master Controller about the working
status of the device. If any signal is send from master to slave
then the action is performed based on the data received.
C. Web Application: Web application is used to display
the status of the electrical device in a user friendly way. User
can also send signal from this web application to the device
so that it can be controlled remotely. This application can
communicate with the master controller via HTTP protocol.
D. Software used: AVR studio and Node Red are the two
development tools that are used in this project. Embedded
level programing is done through AVR studio and Node Red

Fig. 4. Block diagram of Wi-Fi based survilience and control system (On
Premise)

One directional:
This is the case of traffic street lamps [11] which grow in
number in one direction. So this is different from the on
premise as here we have challenge of communication range.
As wireless connection range (router or Node MCU) is in
meters, so it is not possible to use in cases where Wi Fi
connection is require in Kilometers. Moreover, to make the
system reliable wired connection is used to connect Master Fig. 6. Receiver Block Diagram
 system to control street lamp that requires a lot of energy and
needs manual interview.
Future Scope
The system can be further used to enhance to monitor the
complete traffic system like:
• Reading Number plates of vehicles: MATLAB or Open CV
can be used to further enhance this system to automatically
read Number plates of Vehicles.
• Challan the vehicles for over speeding : In case of traffic
violation or over speeding, challan can be automatically issued
via camera monitoring and recording clips can be saved for
future reference.
Fig. 7. Transmitter Block Diagram • Trespassers detection: Trespassers can be traced if found
guilty.
• Real time deployment of sensors to design and implement
is used to develop web based application. HMIS [ Healthcare Management Information System].
• Live video feedback to traffic control center: Live video
streaming can be screened on to the application to a central
V. ALGORITHM monitoring team.
Algorithm 1: Controlling Electrical device from Web
application. R EFERENCES
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from a central remote location. The designed system works
efficiently for both indoor and outdoor lighting. On the one
hand it improves efficiency of the system by sending alert
signal in case of any defect and on the other hand it drastically
reduces the electric energy consumption by providing central
control over the appliances. The graphical App based mobile
controlling gives a user friendly and easily accessible platform
to the user. This system can be installed as energy efficient