An

REPORT
ON
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT

132 KV GSS CHAMBAL POWERHOUSE SODALA, JAIPUR

Submitted in partial fulfilment for
the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering
(Rajasthan Technical University, Kota)

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Mr. Harbhajan Singh TASLEEMA BANO
(Assistant Engineer) Electrical Branch &4thSem

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ARYA INSTITUTE OF ENGG. TECH. & MANAGEMENT,
JAIPUR
AJMER ROAD, OMAXE CITY, JAIPUR- 302026
 1
PREFACE

This was my training of 30 days and my training place was 132

KV GSS CHAMBAL POWER HOUSE SODALA, Jaipur.
GSS is the mean of connection between generating station and
consumer by providing safety and reliability of system in case
of fault.

This substation step down the incoming voltage up to the

required value and then this low voltage is supplied to the
consumer feeders or other GSS done by auto transformer
operation and requirement of various equipment detailed
further in report.

Arrangement of different feeder level and switch yards include

information Of bus bar arrangement of different level isolator
and growing substation also power transformer circuit break
oil, filtration plant, and compression control room and place
are leveled.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is my first practical training which I have taken from 132

KV GSS, SODALA. I would like to express my sincere thanks
to Mr. Harbhajan Singh (Asst. engineer). Who have given
his excellent guidance and shared his experience with me
during this entire course of training period. I am also thankful
to other staff members who guided me. Finally I would like to
say that this summer training is a valuable part in my life.

I also like to express our thanks to all supporting EE faculty

Members Who have been a constant source of
encouragement for successful completion of the project.

Also our warm thanks to Arya Institute of Engineering

Technology and Management, who provided us this
opportunity to carryout, this prestigious Industrial training and
enhance our learning in various technical fields.

Yours Sincerely,
Tasleema Bano
B.Tech 4thSem (EE)
AIETM , JAIPUR

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

o INTRODUCTION o SINGLE LINE

DIAGRAM(S.L.D) o DESCRIPTION OF

EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLE IN THE YARD

o CIRCUIT BREAKER AND ITS VARIOUS

TYPES o POWER TRANFORMER

o PARTS AND FITTING o

WORKING

o SPECIFICATION OF ALL .6 POWER

TRANFORMERS

o TRANFORMER PROTECTIONS o

DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY

o CONTROL ROOM o PROTECTIVE

RELAYS o BATTERY ROOM

4
 INTRODUCTION TO CHAMBAL POWER HOUSE
YARD

The 132 KV GSS Chambal R.R. V.P.N.LTD. is ideally located at

Hawa Sadak , Sodala jaipur & established in 1962.

Grid sub-station is a means of connections b/w generating station &

consumers by providing safety & reliability of whole system in case
of faults.

The steps of this substation are to step down the incoming voltage of
the power transmission to a required value i.e. 132 KV to 33kv & 11
KV then supply to consumers feeders or gss done by connecting two
auto transformer operating and requirement of various equipment
have been included in detailed further in case of report.

There are three incoming lines from different substation these are: -
Chambal is connected to Heerapura GSS of 220 KV from which five
lines are coming from Heerapura & Heerapura nph then to Chambal.
Another line from Sanganeer to Mansarover. Incoming volts of power
transmission of 132 KV step-down to 33KV & 11KV & then it
supplies to consumer feeders from this GSS.

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DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPEMENT ASSEMBLE IN THE
YARD

WAVE TRAP: -
It is used to trap the communication signals & send it to the plcc
control room through cvt. It has induced coil of 0.5 Mh.

CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER :-

It allows the carrier signals to pass through it. These signals are
then send to carrier set.

COUPLING CAPACITOR: -
It minimize the noise & disturbance in the communication line. This is
connected b/w wave trap & communication line.

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATON: -

There is no use of telephones lines in the exchange of important
information b/w grid substation.
These information are send and received from plcc the communication
system is worked by main lines without by any telephone lines.

BUS BAR:-
It is used for main bar or conductor carrying an electrical current to
which many connections may be made.

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INSULATORS:-
In order to prevent the flow of current to earth from supports
transmission lines or distribution lines are all secured to supporting
tower or pole with the help of insulators.

TYPES OF INSULATORS :-

1.Pin type insulators

2.Suspension type Insulators

3.Post type insulators

EARTHING:-
Connecting of an electrical and apparatus to the earth with the help of
Connecting wire of negligible resistance is known at earthing.

It can be divided into two parts: -

1.System earthing

2.Safety earthing

METHODS OF EARTHING:-
There are methods of earthing
1.PIPE EARTHING

2.PLATE EARTHING

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ISOLATORS:-
An isolators or disconnecting switch is used to open some given part
of a power circuit after switching off the load by means of a circuit
breaker.

In some cases isolators may be used as a circuit braking devices their

use for this purpose is Strictly limited by condition such as the power
rating of the given circuit.

There are two types of insulators

1.SINGLE POLE INSULATORS

2.THREE POLE INSULATORS

Fuse:-
Fuse is a wire of short length or thin strip of material having low
melting point .

Is inserted in an electrical circuit as a protective device to the flow of

an excessive current.

CAPACITOR BANK

We know that power factor depends on the natural on load which we

are supplying. If the load is purely resistive then the power factor will
be unity, if the load is purely inductive then the power factor will be

8
lagging, if the load is purely capacitive then the power factor will be
leading.

So improve the power factor capacitor bank is erected or used at 132

KV GSS.

EQUIPMENTS USED IN CAPACITOR BANK: -

1.LIGHTING ARRESTORS

2.ISOLATORS

3.CIRCUIT BREAKER

4.RESIDUAL VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

5.SERIES REACTOR

6.CELL

7.FUSES

8.PROTECTION RELAY

9.C.T.

PROTECTION PROVIDED TO A CAPACITOR BANK: -

1.Current unbalanced protection-

2.Voltage unbalanced protection

3.Over current and earth fault protection

9
 4.Over voltage protection

SERIES REACTOR

Normally it is used with the capacitor banks which help in suppressing

the switches transient to a permissible value. Normally a value of 6%
of the rating of the capacitor bank is chosen. Hence it is advised not to
operate the capacitor bank at a lower rating with the series reactor.

RESIDUAL VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER (R.V.I)

In the event of partial failure of capacitor unit , the healthy units

connected in parallel are subjected to over voltages , various methods
of unbalanced protection to detect the failure units are used.

ARRESTORS

The most common device used for protection for the power system
against the high voltage surge diverter , which is connected b/w the

10
line and earth. So divert the incoming high voltage wave to earth.
Such a diverter is called lighting. arrestor.

11
NECESSITIES COMPONENT FOR A SUBSTATION:-

12
A. OUTDOOR SWITCH YARD: -

Incoming lines

Outgoing lines

Busbars

Transformers

Insulators

Substation equipment such as c.b, insulators , earthing, strips, lighting

arrestors, cts , pts, isolators, clams, and connectors.

Overhead earth wire shielding against lighting strokes Galvanized

steel structures for towers, gantries, supports PICC equipment
including wave trap, turning unit, coupling capacitors.

Control cable

Road, rail way tracks

Capacitors bank

Station lighting system

B. MAIN OFFICE BUILDING: -

13
Main administration building.

C. BATTERY ROOM D.C DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM; -

WORKING

When the primaw winding is connected to an a.c source, an exciting

currents flows through the winding. As the current is alternating it will
produce an alternating flux in the core linked by both the primary and
secondary winding.

The induced emf in the primary winding is almost equal to the applied
voltage and will oppose it. The emf induced in the secondary winding.

Winding can be utilized to deliver power to any load connected across

it. Thus the power transferred from primary to secondary winding by
electromagnetic induction. The magnitude of the emf induced in the
secondary depends upon its no. of turns.

14
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS

TRANSFORIVIERS WHICH ARE USED FOR VOLTAGE

MEASUREIMENT IS CALLED VOLTAGE TARNSFORMER.

The high altemating voltage are reduced in a fixed proportional for the
measurement purpose with the help of potential tansformer. extremely
accurate ratio step down transformer. Potential Transformer is
designed for monitoring single-phase and three-phase power line
voltages in power metering applications.

The primary terminals can be connected either in line-to- line or in

lineto-neutral configuration. Fused transformer models are designated
by a suffix of "F" for one fuse or "FF" for two fuses.

15
A Potential Transformer is a special type of transformer that allows
meters to take readings from electrical wires connections with higher
voltage (potential) than the motor is normally capable of handling without
at potential transformer.

16
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

These instrument transformers arc connected in ac power circuit to

feed the current coil of indicating and metering instrument and
protective relays.

Thus the circuits broaden the limits of measurements and maintain a

watch over the current flowing in circuit and over the power loads.

The current transformer basically consists of iron core which are

wound by a primary and one or two secondary windings.

The ratio of primary and secondary current is known as

transformation ratio of cts. Current Transformer Theory can be
explained this way: Central to all of the AC power transducers is the
17
measurement Of current. This is accomplished using current
transformer (CT), a "donut" shaped device through which is threaded
the wire whose current is to be measured.

A current transformer is a type of "instrument transformer" that is

designed to provide a current in its secondary which is accurately
proportional to the current flowing in its primary.

Current transformers are designed to produce either an alternating

current or alternating voltage proportional to the current being
measured. The current transfomers used with the Wattnode
transducers produce a 333 mV alternating voltage when the rated
current is measured (either 30A, or 50A). The OSI power transducers
employ CT's that produce 5 V output at rated value. Current
transformers measure power flow and provide electrical inputs to
power transformers and instruments. Current transformers produce
either an alternating current or alternating voltage that is proportional
to the measured current. There are two basic types of current
transformers: wound and toroidal. Wound current transformers consist
of an integral primary winding that is inserted in series with the
conductor that carries the measured current.

Toroidal or donut-shaped current transformers do not contain a

primary
winding. Instead, the wire that carries the current is
threaded through a window in the toroidal transformer.

Current transformers have many performance specifications, including

primary current, secondary current, insulation voltage, accuracy, and
burden. Primary current, the load of the current transformer, is the
measured current. Secondary current is the range of current outputs.
Insulation voltage represents the maximum insulation that current
transformers provide when Connected to a power source. Accuracy is
the degree of certainty with which the measured current agrees with

18
the ideal value. Burden is the maximum load that devices can support
while operating within their accuracy ratings.

POWER TRANSFORMER

POWER TRANSFORMER is a static device used in

transmission & distribution system to step up & step down
ac voltage.

19
 PRINCIPAL:-

It can be explained by faraday's law of electromagnetic induction

which states" an emf is induced in a closed magnetic circuit whenever
there is a change in the magnetic flux linking of that circuit ".
"induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage".

PARTS & FITTING OF THE TRANSFORMER

1. CORE:- It is used to provide closed magnetic coupling b/w L. V &

H. V coils & to reduce leakage flux & provide low reluctance path.
Core is made of laminated magnetic material.

2. WINDING:-Winding of a transformer that is L.V & H. V

winding are attached on the limbs . they are made up copper.

3. TANK :- Inside the tank oil is filled & the core is placed. The tank
cover is used to prevent the entry of dust pattieles & external
impurities.

4. L.V & H.v BUSHINGS: - Bushings comprise a central conductor

surrounded by graded insulation. A bushing is necessary when a
conductor is taken out through a metallic tank.

5. TAP CHANGER: - Adjustment of voltage is done by changing the

effective turns ratio of the systems transformer by proper selection
of tapping on the winding.

There are two types of tap changer: -

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A. OFF LOAD TAP CHANGING

B. ON LOAD TAP CHANGING

6. CARRIAGE: - It is used to move the X-mer when it is to be

installed or is to be taken to repair.

7.JACKING OR LIFTING LUGS:- The are used to lift the

transformer.

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 TECHNICAL DATA

PARTICULARS PVN12 PVN36

Rated voltage (KV) 12 36
Rated normal current(A) 630/1250 1250/1600
Rated power frequency(KV) 28 70
Withstand voltage
Rated lighting impulse(KVp) 75 170
Withstand voltage
Rated short circuit(KA) 12.3/26.3/31.5 2.5
Breaking current
Rated short time(KA) 13.6/26.3/31.5 25/40
With stand current and 3 3/1
duration(SEC)
Rated short circuit(KAp) 33.4/63/80 63/100
Making current
Rated duty cycle 0-0.3SEC-CO-3MIN
O:OPENTNG
C:CLOSING
Rated aux. supply for Spring 230VAC
charging motor
Motor rating 750WATTS
Rated supply voltage 24/30/110/220/250VDC
Trip coil

22
SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

23
SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-1

MAKE: (T & R)

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11KV

SERIAL NO. RY/2590/2
CAPACITY 16/20 MVA
HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 69.98/57.48 amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 839.7/1049.7 amp
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 10.05
24
WEIGHT OF OIL 3000Kg
TOTAL WEIGHT 52000 Kg
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 2010
COMMISIONED ON 16/4/2010
OIL QUANTITY 14600 L

SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-2

MAKE: (T & R)

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11KV

SERIAL NO. T&R 220066
CAPACITY 16/20 MVA
HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 69.98/87. amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 11000 amp
25
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 10.25
WEIGHT OF OIL 13000Kg
TOTAL WEIGHT 52000 Kg
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 2009
COMMISIONED ON 31/12/2009
OIL QUANTITY 14600 L

SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-3

MAKE: GEC ALSTOM

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11KV

SERIAL NO. B-2937.2
CAPACITY 16/20 MVA

26
HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 69.98/87.4 amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 1049.7 amp
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 10.543
WEIGHT OF OIL 11.3 tones
TOTAL WEIGHT 440 tones
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 1997
COMMISIONED ON 14/8/1997
OIL QUANTITY 13000 L

SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-4

MAKE: CROMPTON

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/11KV

SERIAL NO. T-8543/1
CAPACITY 16/20 MVA
27
HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 69/87.5 amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 830/1049 amp
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 9.58
WEIGHT OF OIL 13000L
TOTAL WEIGHT 46 MT
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 1999 TN-2414
COMMISIONED ON 29/9/1995
OIL QUANTITY 13000 L

SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-5

MAKE:(T & R)

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/33KV

SERIAL NO. 01572/1448
CAPACITY 40/50 MVA

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HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 179.95/218.5 amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 699.8/874.7 amp
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 12.70
WEIGHT OF OIL 20500Kg
TOTAL WEIGHT 87500 Kg
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 2005
COMMISIONED ON 21/2/2005
OIL QUANTITY 23000 L
OIL CHANGED ON JAN 2001

SPECIFICATION OF POWER TRANSFORMER

TRANSFORMER NO.-6

MAKE: (T & R)

VOLTAGE RATIO 132/33KV

SERIAL NO. 28.001.6827
CAPACITY 40/50 MVA
29
HIGH VOLTAGE LOAD 174.95/218.69 amp
LOW VOLTAGE LOAD 699.8/874.7 amp
PERCENTAGE IMPEDENCE 12.88
WEIGHT OF OIL 20500Kg
TOTAL WEIGHT 87500 Kg
YEAR OF MANUFACTURING 2006
COMMISIONED ON 21/2/2006
OIL QUANTITY 23000 L

CONTROL ROOM

There is a control room in the Chambal power house in which control

panel are present. All the connection of the transformer are done here
from remote operation.

This panel is operated by DC supply from this LC & O/G supply is

connected. The control cable and control system is required for
affecting automatic controls. The cable system is generally operates at
110 v or 220v.

30
There is a separate room or battery room for having these batteries.

Concepts of: -

1. CONTROL WIRING

2. CONTROL & RELAY PANEL.

IM:- 1 = To understand control Wiring.

2. = the of control and relay panel.

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 CONTENTS OF CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL

o 1:-Wattmeter, o 2:- KVA =

KVA Meter, o 3:- VAR = VAR
meter, o 4:- A = Ammeter, o 5:-
pf = Power factor, o 6:- V =
Voltmeter, o VS = Voltmeter
selector switch, o AS = Ammeter
Selector switch, o 95 = Ckt
supervision, o 86 = Master Trip,
o T & C Trip & Close switch, o
51 A = Over current (o/c) relay,
o 51 N = Earth fault relay. o 1/6
32
= 6 way announcation relay. o
Kwh = Energy Meter, o T.T.B =
Test Terminal Block, o F = Facia
6 ways.

DISTANCE PROTECTION

Distance protection is a resistance dependent time graded protection.

The operating time of which is determined by the distance to the fault.

this protection is used for transmission lines.

It is a non unit type of protection and a high speed protection and is

simply to apply. It can be used as a primary and back up protection.
Distance relays are double acting relay with one coil energized by
current.

The torque develops is such that when Will reduced below a set value,
the relay operates during a fault on a line. The fault current increases
and the voltage at fault point reduce.

The ratio V/I are measured at the location of ct and pt. the voltage at
Vt location depends on the distance b/w the Vt and faults.

RECHARGING

33
It is a process by which electrical energy is passed through the battery
so that the battery recaps to its 0riginal level. When a discharge
battery is recharged , the positive plates get converted back to lead
peroxide and the negative plate become spongy lead. the specific
gravity and terminal voltage also increases to its original level.

FLOATING Of THE BATTERY

A fully charged battery can't be allowed to remain on open circuit

since it will undergo a continuous discharging due to it's internal
losses. Unless the internal losses are continuously kept compensate,
the battery may not possess the adequate energy, at a time when it is
most essentially required.

A lead acid cell of two volts can be floated anywhere b/w 2.15 to 2.2
volts per cell. preferably at the optimum floating voltage
recommended by the battery manufacture.

TRANSFORMER PROTECTON

34
The primary objective of the Transformer Protection is to detect
internal faults in the transformer with a high degree of sensitivity and
cause subsequent de-energisation and, at the same time be immune to
faults external to the transformer i.e. through faults. Sensitive
detection and de-energisation enables the fault damage and hence
necessary repairs to be limited.

However, it should be able to provide back up protection in case of

through faults on the system, as these could lead to deterioration and
accelerated aging, and/or failure of the transformer winding insulation
due to over heating and high impact forces caused in the windings due
to high fault currents.

In addition to the internal faults, abnormal system conditions such as

over excitation, over voltage and loss of cooling can lead to

35
deterioration and accelerated aging or internal failure of the
transformer.

Hence protection again these failures should be considered in as part

of the comprehensive transformer protection scheme.

Transformer protection can be broadly categorized as electrical

protection implemented by sensing mainly the current through it, but
also voltage and frequency and, as mechanical protection
implemented by sensing operational parameters like oil pressure/
level, gas evolved, oil & winding temperature.

Like in most things in Transformer Protection too, the extent of

protective devices applied to a particular Transformer is dictated by
the economics of the protection scheme vis-å-vis the probability of a
particular type of failure and the cost of replacing and repairing the
transformer as well the possibility of the failure leading to damage of
adjacent equipment or infrastructure.

Failure costs include all the direct and indirect costs associated with it.
The protection scheme cost includes the cost of the protective device
but is mainly the cost of the disconnecting device i.e. the Circuit
Breaker and other auxiliaries like batteries and necessary
infrastructure. Further the life cycle cost is taken into account.

36
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