Types of Gene Mapping

Gene mapping
 Gene mapping is the procces by which we determine the genes ,

their position and their distance.
 It is also colled linkage mapping or chromosome mapping .
 It refers to the mapping of genes to the specific locations on
chromosomes.
 It is critical step in the understanding of genetic disease.
 When on the same chromosome two or more genes are present
together , they are said to be linked.
 Alfred H. sturtevent was first person constracted a genetic map.
 The unit of measurement of genetic linkage is known as map unit
or centimorgan .
Types of gene mapping
 There are two types of gene mapping which are :-
I. Genetic mapping
II. Physical mapping
Genetic mapping
 Genetic mapping is a type of gene mapping .

 Position of one gene relative to an anothergene.
 Genetic mapping is arrangement of genes and genetic markers on a
chromosome.
 Requires informative markers .
 Unit of distance in genetic map is centimorgan ( CM )
 1cm = 1% chance of recombination between markers.
 Calculated using recombinant frequencies
Physical mapping
 Physical mapping is using information to determine the absolute
position of a gene on chromosome.
 Speacific distance between within loci are measured by bp ,
kp , mp.
 Provide exact physical distance between the genes lovated on a
chromosome
 Ideally measured in nucleotide bases.
Gene mapping
 Gene or DNA sequence with a known markers location on
chromosome.
 Use to study the relationship between the inhirited disease and
genetic couse.
 There are different types of genetic markers that are available :-
 RFLP = ( restriction fragment lengeth polymorphism ).

 SSLP = ( simple sequence length polymorphism ).
 RAPD = ( random amplification of polymorphism DNA ).
 VNTR = ( variable number tendom repeat ).
 SSR = ( simple sequence repeat ).
 SNP = (single nucleotide polymorphism ).
 STR = ( short tendom repeat ).
 SFP = ( simple feature polymorphism ).
 DART = ( diversity arrays technology ).
How to do gene mapping
 By calculating recombination frequency.

 Recombination frequency is is a number that describes the
proportion of recombinant offspring produced in genetic cross
between two indivituals.
 A centimorgan is the unit that describes the recombination frequency
of 1%.
 The recombination frequency will be 50% whem to genes are
located on the diffirent chromosome or are far apart.
 When two genes are closed enough/linked they do not assort
independently , where as genes located on different chromosomes
they assort independently and have recombination frequency 0f
50% , linked genes have a frequency of less than 50%.
Two important aspects to genetic mapping

I. Calculating/finding gene order.
II. Distance between the gene on a chromosome.
Cross over
 Crossing over is the swapping of genetic material that occurs in the
germ line. During the formation of egg and sperm cells, also known
as meiosis, paired chromosomes from each parent align so that
similar DNA sequences from the paired chromosomes cross over
one another. Crossing over results in a shuffling .
 There are three types of cross over :-
I. Single point cross over
II. Double point cross over
Purpose if gene mapping

 Tell the exact location , arrangement and combination of genes in
chromosome.
 To identify genes responsible for traits.
Significance of gene mapping

 Genetic mapping or linkage mapping provides evidence that a disease
transmited from parent to child is offer linked one or more gene .
 The detailed genetic map helps to locate the risk genes for host of genetic
disease.
 Knowledge of genetic map of plants and animals lead to development of
agriculture crops and animal breeds , that are more nutrition , productive and
better resistive.
Application of gene mapping

 Genetic marker are employed in the identification of traits relaited to
disease or inhirited abnormal condition .
 The genes are also utilized in the identification of species , indivituals or
oganisms
 The DNA markers like VNTD are one of the first choices in the DNA
fingerprinting , parental vervication , maternal cell contamination
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Gene mapping

 Gene mapping is the procces by which we determine the genes ,

Types of gene mapping

 There are two types of gene mapping which are :-

 Genetic mapping is a type of gene mapping .

 RFLP = ( restriction fragment lengeth polymorphism ).

 By calculating recombination frequency.

Two important aspects to genetic mapping

II. Double point cross over

Purpose if gene mapping

Significance of gene mapping

Application of gene mapping

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