The Implicature of Humor Utterances in Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur

Anna Salisah Khusnita

Abstrak

The utterances produced by the speaker usually contain the certain meaning that is
delivered indirectly by the speaker. Thereafter, the writer is interested to investigate the
certain meaning that is delivered indirectly by the speaker. In this thesis, the writer uses
the humor utterances of Gus Dur in the book Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur as the object of
the analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer uses the implicature theory by Grice.
Limitation in this research is the use of the implicature that is focused on the
cooperative principle by Grice. The purpose of the research is to elaborate the implicit
meaning of the utterances in the book Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur. The other purpose of
this research is to show that there are the maxim violations created by speaker and to
know the function of using the implicit meaning in the utterances. The implicit meaning
can be classified to 4 types based on the illocution; they are representative illocutionary
act, expressive illocutionary act, directive illocutionary act, dan commisive
illocutionary act. Based on the analysis of the implicature meaning in the utterances, the
writer found that the implicit meaning that is delivered by speaker has the functions, that
are to give a humor effect, insinuate someone, criticize the government, mockery
someone, and warn the reader.

Keyword: Implicature, cooperative principle, representative illocutionary act,

expressive illocutionary act, directive illocutionary act, dan commisive illocutinaryac.

1. Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

Most of people have a variety of strategy in interacting with each other. One of the
communicative strategies is the use of humor that is a type of speech act. In
communication, humor can provide us with enjoyment that sometimes we do not
consider what humor is accomplishing in our conversation. For example, we easily
understand the essence of a joke, but we rarely investigate what communicative function
of the joke in the relationship. Consequently, we miss the important clues that humor
can offer. Thus, when humor can be viewed as an interactional strategy, it becomes
possible to explore some function and the implicit meaning in the humor. Based on this
background, the writer is interested in analyzing the function and the implicit meaning
in the humor utterances.
 Pragmatics is the linguistic branch that has connection with this case. One of the
pragmatic studies that according to analyze WKH SHRSOH¶V XWWHUDQFHV LV implicature.
Implicature can be used to analyze the humor utterances. In the implicature, the speaker
does not only produce an utterance but also has an intended meaning. On the other hand,
what the speaker says is different of what the speaker means. Thus, the speaker and the
hearer should be cooperative for successfull in communication. In consequences, the
implicature can be used by the writer to analyze the implicit meaning of the humor
utterances. Besides, by finding the implicit meaning of the humor utterance, the writer
can determine the function of using the humor in the utterances. In this research, the
writer focuses in analyzing the data by using implicature theory of Grice (1975).
In the humor utterances, there is some intended meaning delivered indirectly by a
speaker. The speaker tries to convey the intended meaning by using the implicit
utterances. The implicit utterances have some functions in a conversation. By the
implicature analyses, the writer will find out the implicit meaning of the humor
utterances. After finding the implicit meaning, the writer will investigate the function of
using the humor utterances. The writer is interested to analyze the humor utterances that
are presenteG LQ ³+XPRU /XFX $OD *XV 'XU´ 7KH ZULWHU¶V UHDVRQ IRU FKRRVLQJ WKH
humor utterances in this book to be analyzed is that many controversial statements
produced by Gus Dur. By using the controversial statements, Gus Dur tries to criticize
the issue of social, religion, political, culture and other that can entertain the reader. By
analyzing the controversial statements, the writer wants to inform what are the implicit
meanings based on the implicature in the utterances. Furthermore, the writer wants to
show the function of using the implicature of the utterances.

1.2. Problem of the Study

1.2.1. What are the implicature types of the utterances produced by the speaker in
Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur?
1.2.2. What are the maxim violations produced by the speaker in Humor Lucu Ala Gus
Dur?
1.2.3. What are the functions of the utterances based on the implicature analysis?

1.3. Purpose of the Study

1.3.1. To elaborate the types of implicatures of the utterances produced by speaker
1.3.2. To show that the speaker violated the maxim in using the utterances
1.3.3. To find the function the implicature of the utterances based on the implicature
analysis

1.4. Previous Study

Related to the topic in thesis, there are some previous studies found by the writer.
)URP WKUHH SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV DOO RI GDWD DUH DQDO\]HG XVLQJ *ULFH¶V LPSOLFDWXUH WKHRU\
The analysis of those previous studies focuses on the conversational implicature and the
violating of maxims. To make it different the writer does not only discuss the
implicature of the utterances but also explain the function of using the implicature in the
utterances. The writer also uses a humor book as the data because there are only few
previous researches that use a humor book as the data that is analayzed using the
implicature theory. The purpose of this thesis is not only to show the implicature of the
utterances but also to elaborate the function of the utterances by the implicature theory.
2. Review of the Literature

2.1.1 Definition of Implicature

Implicature is the component of pragmatic. For the meaning of implicature, there
are some linguists who propose the meaning of implicature. According to Yule (1996:
31), implicature is described as what the speaker said is different of what the speaker is
actually meant. Agreeing with that opinion, Grice shows that implicature is an intent
that is implicated by an utterance with notice the context. In other words, then
implicature studies about the intention of an utterance that is suited with the context.
From those estimations, it can be concluded that there is an implicit meaning by saying
an utterance. Furthermore, the meaning that is intended by the speaker is different
OLWHUDOO\ ZLWK WKH VSHDNHU¶V XWWHUDQFH

2.1.2.The Cooperative Principle

Cooperative principle is usually applied in conversation in order to make a
cooperative conversation. To analyze the strategy used by the speaker, Grice (1975)
mentioned four maxims of cooperative principle, i.e. maxim of quantity, maxim of
quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner (Grice in Yule, 1996:37). Grice said
that the speaker always intends to be cooperative while speaking. However, sometime
the speaker is not bound by any maxims in producing an utterance. In this case, the
implicature can be found, because the speaker tries to be cooperative in delivering
his/her intend by violating the maxim. On the other hand, the implicature in an utterance
can be identified by violating the maxim.

2.1.2 Maxim of Quantity

The maxim of quality insists the speaker to give information that is needed and not
to give uncompleted information. In this case, the speaker should avoid the information
that is not needed and exaggerate. It means that the participant is hoped to state
utterances that are required.According to Grice, the speaker is expected to give adequate
information as informative as is required and hope to not give the more informative
information (Yule, 1996: 37). In case the given information contains more than is
required, it is called as the violation of maxim.

2.1.3 Maxim of Quality

The maxim of quality requires the speaker to provide information that can be
justified the truth. The speaker is expected to not utter a false case; even the case cannot
be proven the truth. In the maxim of quality, the speaker is required to give the
utterances that have a factual truth. In uttering something, the speaker is insisted to say
the fact based on the real situation which happened. The fact must be supported by the
adequate evidence. The speaker is expected to not say the utterance that are the false
and cannot prove the truth (Gris the false and cannot prove the truth (Grice in Yule,
1996: 37)
2.1.3. Maxim of Relation
The maxim of relation shows that the speakers try to make their utterances in order
to be related with the context. Besides, the hearer should be cooperative with the context
of the speaker. Therefore, both the speaker and the hearer are expected to give the
relevant contribution about something which is uttered.

2.2. Maxim of Manner

The maxim of manner is connected with the problems in using language. By using
the language, the speaker must utter something directly, clearly, and unambiguously.
According to Grice, the speaker provides the perspicuous and orderly utterances, and
avoiding the ambiguity and obscurity expression (Yule, 1996: 37).

2.2.2. Kinds of Illocutionary Act

Searle in Levinson (2003: 236) proposed that there are five types of illocutionary
acts that can perform in speaking, by means of the following five types of utterance:
1. Representatives, which commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition
(paradigm cases: fact, asserting, concluding, description, etc.).
2. Directives, which are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something
(paradigm cases: warn, suggestion, order, command, requesting, requisitioning).
3. Commissives, which commit the speaker to some the future course of action
(paradigm cases: refusal, promising, threatening, and offering).
4. Expressive, which express a psychological state (paradigm cases: pleasure, sorrow,
like, dislike, thanking, apologizing, welcoming, wishing, and congratulating).
5. Declarations, which effect immediate change in the institutional state of affairs and
which tend to rely on elaborate extra-linguistic institution (paradigm cases:
excommunicating, declaring war, christening, firing from employment).

3. Research Method

3.1. Type of Research

In this research, the writer uses the desecriptive method, because the writer describes the
GDWD DQDO\VHV EDVHG RQ WKH LPSOLFDWXUH WKHRU\ LQ *XV 'XU¶V XWWHUDQFHV WR ILQG RXt the
result of the research. The writer also uses the qualitative method to analyse the data.
The writer makes conclsuion through the collected data that are described before.

3.2. Data, Population, and Sample

3.2.1. Data
In this research, the writer uses the primary data since using the humor book as the
data source to be analysed. The data is taken from the book Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur
that is written by Acep Yori.

3.2.2. Population
The population in this research is the whole utterances that include the function of
implicature in the book Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur. The writer collects the title that has
utterances including the fuction of implicature. There are 40 titles in this book including
the fuction of the implicature.
3.2.3. Sample
In determining the sample, the writer usues purposive sampling technique in this
research. It is because the writer determines the sample based on types of illocutionary
speech act. Thus, there are 22 samples of data that will be discussed in this thesis.

3.3. Method of Collecting Data

The writer uses documentation method in collecting the data in this thesis.
Thereafter, the writer also uses note taking technique to collect the data. The procedures
of collecting data are collecting the whole data in Humor Lucu Ala Gus Dur,
classifaying the data based on the types of implicatures, and preparing the samples to be
analyzed.

3.4. Method of Analyzing Data

To analyze the data in this research, the writer uses Padan method from
Sudaryanto since the determiner device of this research is an outside factor of the
language itself (Sudaryanto, 1993:13-14). This method is used to show the meaning that
is contained in the utterance that is produced by speaker. The writer interprets the
VSHDNHU¶V XWWHUDQFH DQG GHWHUPLQHV WKH LPSOLFDWXUH RI WKH XWWHUDQFH.

4. Analysis
From the implicature analysis, the writer classifies kinds of implicature into four
types; they are representative illocutionary act, expressive illocutionary act, commissive
illocutionary act, and directive illocutionary act. In the representative illocutionary act,
the writer found the implicatures of the utterances that indicate expressions of
GHVFULELQJ D UHOLJLRXV WHDFKHU FRQFOXVLRQ RI XVLQJ WKH ZRUG µ$O¶ DQG IDFW DERXW WKH
honest policeman. In the expressive illocutionary act, the implicatures that are found are
the expressions of dislike to a president, wishing for progress of Indonesia and sorrow a
president to situation of Indonesia. In the commissive illocutionary act, the expressions
of warn to obey a regulation, suggestion to be a winner and request to appreciate a
president found in the data. While in the directive illocutionary act, the writer found the
expressions of refusal to the boast of president, offering a food, and threatening to stop
smoking.
By the implicature analysis in those utterances, the writer found some implicit meanings
that are delivered indirectly by the speaker. By using the implicit meaning, the speaker
has some functions in producing the utterances. The functions are creating the humor
effect, insinuating someone, criticizing the government, mocking someone and warning
the reader

4.1. The Implicature of Gus 'XU¶V 8WWHUDQFHV

The implicature is indicated as the implicit meaning of an utterance that is
produced by speaker to deliver a specific massage. It should be cooperation between the
speaker and the hearer in order to the massage can be interpreted. Besides, there is a
cooperative principle that should be followed by the participant. To fulfill the principle
of conversation, the participant has to observe the sub principle called maxims. The
maxims are the quantity maxim, the quality maxim, the relation maxim, and the manner
maxim. In case the speaker violates the maxims, the implicature meaning will be found
in the utterance. The writer analyses the maxim violation to find out the existence of the
implicature meaning of those utterances. From their functions, the writer can classify
the implicatures of those utterances into five types. They are declarations,
representatives, expressive, directives, and commissives. Actually, when the speakers
violated the maxim in an utterance, they try to deliver the implicature meaning in the
utterance for avoiding the face threatening act to the hearer.

4.1.1.Representative Illocutionary Act

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0HUHND WHUOLKDW VDQJDW IDVLK EHUGRD DSDODJL SDNDL VHUEDQ PHUHND LWX SDVWL NLDL´
>> In this conversation the hearers violated the quantity maxim. They provide
information that has not been to be true.
>> The utterance ³0HUHND WHUOLKDW VDQJDW IDVLK EHUGRD DSDODJL SDNDL VHUEDQ PHUHND
LWX SDVWL NLD\L´ LQGLFDWHV D µGHVFULSWLRQ¶ From the implicaturH PHDQLQJ WKH KHDUHU¶V
statement can be categorized as the representative illocutionary act that is a
µGHVFULSWLRQ¶ 7KH\ GHVFULEH VRPHWKLQJ EDVHG RQ WKHLU knowledge.

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knowledge.

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>> From the data [3] there is the maxim violation that is produced by Gus Dur. Gus Dur
violated the quantity maxim because he does not give information that is required by the
speaker.
>> Based on the data [3], it indicateV WKDW WKHUH LV D VWDWHPHQW RI µIDFW¶ LQ KLV VWDWHPHQW
³KDQ\D DGD WLJD SROLVL \DQJ MXMXU SHUWDPD SDWXQJ SROLVLV NHGXD SROLVL WLGXU NHWLJD
SROLVL +RHJHQJ PDQWDQ NHSDOD SROLVL 5, ´. From the implicature meaning, the utterance
of Gus Dur is included in the representative illocutionary act which is the speaker states
what the speaker believes to be true or false.

4.1.2.Expressive Illocutionary Act

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³.DWDNDQ VDMD DSD LWX"´ .DWD 3DN +DUWR
³%DSDN VHEDLNQ\D WLGDN MDGL SUHVLGHQ ODJL´ MDZDE VDQJ penolong
>> Based on the utterance that is delivered by the speaker, it shows that the speaker
violated the quantity maxim. The speaker does not give the answer as informative as
that is required by Soeharto.
>> From the conversation above, the implicatrure meaning that is implied in the
XWWHUDQFH LV WKH VSHDNHU KDV D µGLVOLNH¶ IRU WKH SUHVLGHQW E\ EDQQLQJ KLP WR EH D
president. The statement ³%DSDN VHEDLNQ\D WLGDN MDGL SUHVLGHQW ODJL´ indicates that the
speaker dislike Soeharto becoming the president, and hopes that he stops from his
leadership. The implicature shows that the speaker uses the expressive illocutionary act
which is the speaker expresses his dislike to the president.

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Hearer ³%DJDLPDQD FDUDQ\D"´
6SHDNHU ³.LWD Q\DWDNDQ SHUDQJ PHODZDQ ,QJJULV GDQ $PHULND´
>> )URP WKH VSHDNHU¶V DQVZHU LW DSSHDUV WKDW WKH VSHDNHU YLRODWHG WKH TXDOLWy maxim,
because the speaker¶V LGHD may not necessarily be true.
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³.LWD PHQ\DWDNDQ SHUDQJ PHODZDQ ,QJJULV GDQ $PHULND´ indicates that Indonesia can
be the developed country like the countries that are colonized by the both countries.
From the implicature meaning, the utterance can be classified into the expressive
illocutionary act which is the speaker expresses what he feels.

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begitu VHGLK"´
Gus 'XU ´ 6D\D ELODQJ NDVLKDQ ,QGRQHVLD UDN\DWQ\D EDQ\DN \DQJ PLVNLQ
jangankan untuk membeli BBM, untuk makan sehari-hari saja mereka sangat
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>> In the data [6], there is the maxim violation that is produced by Gus Dur. Gus Dur
violated the relation maxim, because he gives the irrelevant information.
>> 7KH GDWD > @ LQGLFDWHV WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI µVRUURZ¶ In the statement ³6D\D ELODQJ
kasihan Indonesia, rakyatnya banyak yang miskin, jangankan untuk embeli BBM, untuk
makan sehari-KDUL VDMD PHUHND VDQJDW NHVXOLWDQ´ From the implicature meaning that is
produced by Gus Dur can be concluded that the utterance belongs to the expressive
illocutionary act which is the speaker expresses his/her feeling.

4.1.3.Directive Illocutionary Act

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LQL ´ EHQWDN 3DN 3ROLVL
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pengemudinya. Becak saya kan ada yang mengemudi, tidak kosong bearti boleh
PDVXN ´ MDZDE VL WXNDQJ EHFDN.
>> Based on the analysis, we can decide that the pedicab driver violated the quality
maxim. He says an utterance that is not yet known to be true.
>> The XWWHUDQFHV DERYH LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH VSHDNHU JLYHV D µZDUQ¶ WR WKH KHDUHU By
VD\LQJ ³apa kamu tidak melihat gambar itu?Itu kan gambar becak tak boleh masuk
jalan ini´ Whe speaker hopes that the hearer does something after noticing his warning.
The speech act that is found in the conversation is the directive illocutionary act. The
directive illocutionary is kinds of speech act that has function to produce an effect to the
hearer, for example to commands, order, request, and warn, etc.

[8] ³$SD VLK UDKDVLD NHPHQDQJDQ $QGD"´ WDQ\D ZDUWDZDQ

³0XGDK VDMD ´ MDZDE VL SHODUL 6XULDK HQWHQJ ³7LDS NDOL EHUVLDS-siap akan start,
saya membayangkan ada serdadu Israel di belakang saya yang mau menembak
VD\D ´
>> From the conversation above, the hearer violated the quantity maxim. He gives
LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW PRUH LQIRUPDWLYH WKDQ LV UHTXLUHG E\ VD\LQJ ³Mudah saja´
>> 7KH XWWHUDQFH ³tiap kali bersiap-siap akan start, saya membayangkan ada serdadu
Israel di belakang saya mau menembak saya´ VKRZV WKDW WKH XWWHUDQFHV LQFOXGH D
µVXJJHVWLRQ¶ WR WKH VSHDNHU RU WKH UHDGHU From the implicature meaning, it shows that
WKH XWWHUDQFHV LQFOXGH D µVXJJHVWLRQ¶ WR WKH VSHDNHU RU WKH UHDGHU )URP WKH LPSOLFDWXUH
meaning, it can be classified to the directive illocutionary act which is the hearer
requires someone to do something that is ordered. The speaker expresses what he wants
to be done by the hearer.

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³$SD VLK \DQJ $QGD NDWDNDQ"´
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VD\D ELODQJ KDUDS VHPXD KDGLUL WHUWDZD ´
>> The maxim violation that is produced by the speaker is the quality maxim. The
translator gives information that does not believe to be true or false.
>> 7KH GDWD > @ LQGLFDWHV WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI D µUHTXHVW¶ The statement ³3UHVLGHQW
Abdurrahman Wahid ini sedang melucu.Lalu saya bilang, harap semua hadirin
WHUWDZD´ VKRZV WKDW WKH WUDQVODWRU DVNV WR WKH DXGLHQFH WR ODXJK WR *XV 'XU¶V statetment.
From the implicature meaning of the utterance that is produced by the translator, it is
included in the directive illocutionary act which is the speaker states the statement that
contains hope someone do something to his statement.

4.1.4.Commissive Illocutionary Act

[10] Bill ³Lihat! Hebat bukan"´
Gus Dur ³Gitu aja kog repot. Saya yang baru ketemu saja bisa lebih baik dari
itu´
>> From the conversation above, it shows that there is the maxim violatin that is uttered
by Gus Dur. Gus Dur violated the relation maxim by saying ³*LWX DMD NRJ UHSRW´ and
quantity maxim by saying ³6D\D \DQJ EDUX NHWHPX VDMD ELVD OHELK EDLN GDUL LWX´.
>> Based on the analysis above, we found that the utterances indicate that Gus Dur
JLYHV D ¶UHIXVDO¶ RQ %LOO¶V VWDWHPHQW E\ VD\LQJ ³Saya yang baru ketemu saja bisa lebih
baik dari itu´. We can conclude that the speech act that is created in the conversation is
included in the commisive illocutionary act.

[11] Ada seorang wanita muslim yang baru aja pergi ke Amerika. Oleh orang sana, dia
GLWDQ\D ³0DP GR \RX OLNH VDODG"´
/DOX VL ZDQLWD PHQMDZDE ³<HV ILYH WLPH D GD\´
>> We can analyze that there is a maxim violation in the conversation above. The
0XVOLP YLRODWHG WKH UHODWLRQ PD[LP E\ VWDWLQJ ³Yes, five times a day´
>> )URP WKH GDWD > @ WKH XWWHUDQFHV LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH VSHDNHU PDNHV DQ µRIIHULQJ¶ WR WKH
hearer E\ VD\LQJ ³Mom, do you like salad"´ The speech act that is created by participant
is the commissive illocutionary act. In the commisive illocutionary act, the speaker uses
an expression that results an action which is committed in the future.

[12] ³/KR NDPX LQL JLPDQD VHNDUDQJ FRED KLWXQJ VXGDK EHUDSD ULEX EDtang yang kamu
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 6DPELO PHQ\XOXW VHEDWDQJ ODJL %XQJ <DV PHQLPSDOL ³<D WDSL NDODX VD\D HQJJDN
merokok, besok saya bisa mati ´
>> From the conversation above, there is the maxim violation that is used by the hearer.
He violated the quantity maxim because he gives information that believes to be false.
>> 7KH KHDUHU¶V VWDWHPHQW LQGLFDWHV WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI D µWKUHDW¶ 7KH LPSOLFDWXUH
meaning that is found in the statement ³Ya, tapi kalau saya enggak merokok besok saya
bisa mati´ Ls the hearer threats the speaker to not ban him to stop smoking. From the
implicature meaning, the utterance of the hearer can be included in the directive
illocutionary act which is the speaker expresses his intends.

4.2. 7KH )XQFWLRQ RI WKH ,PSOLFDWXUH LQ *XV 'XU¶V 8WWHUDQFHV

The speakers have some purposes why they use the implicature meaning in their
XWWHUDQFHV %DVHG RQ WKH LPSOLFDWXUH DQDO\VHV RI *XV 'XU¶ utterances, there are some
function that will be explained in the following discussion. The function are creating the
humor effect, insinuating someone, criticizing the government, mocking someone and
warning the reader. From those function, the main point is that the utterance that are
produced by Gus Dur has function creating the humor effect. The writer can find the
function of the utterance by analyzing the implicature meaning of the data. In the data
Gus Dur does not deliver the purpose of his statement directly, he uses the implicit
meaning to avoid a face threatening act. Gus Dur tries to lessen the possible threat by
using the implicatur meaning.

4.2.1. Creating the humor effect

[1] ³1DK DGD NLDL \DQJ NDODX GL-sms, tidak dibales, tetapi balesnya langsung
menelepon. Lalu, deberitahu santrinya Pak Kiai, kalau di-sms balas saja pakai sms
lagi. Nggak perlu menelepon. Tapi, kiainya menjawab, ah, saya malu karena tulisan
VD\D MHOHN ´
>> 7KH LPSOLFDWXUH RI WHDFKHU¶V DQVZHU LV KH DVVXPHV WKDW KH KDV WR UHSOD\ D PDVVDJe by
writing. The teacher uses the implicature meaning by violating a maxim. The answer of
WKH WHDFKHU LV LUUHOHYDQW ZLWK WKH VWXGHQW¶V GHPDQG 7KH WHDFKHU YLRODWHG WKH UHODWLRQ
maxim. However, the violation that is created by the teacher produces a humor effect.
The humor effect is created because of the irrelevant respond.

[2] ³.DSDQ-NDSDQ *XV 'XU KDUXV NH VDQD VRDOQ\D VXGDK OHQJNDS GHQJDQ HWHUQLWQ\D ´
kata teman Gu Dur
³(WHUQLW"´ 7DQ\D *XV 'XU
³,WX \DQJ SDNDL DGD NRPSXWHUQ\D ´ MHODVQ\D ODJL
³2KK« ,QWHUQHW ´ MDZDE *XV 'XU
>> 7KH LPSOLFDWXUH RI WKH FRQYHUVDWLRQ DERYH LV *XV 'XU¶V )ULHQG ERDVW KLV ,VODPLF
dormitory by showing that there is internet there. However he is false in using the word
µLQWHUQHW¶ becomiQJ µHWHUQLW¶ +H DGGV WKH ZRUG µkomputer¶ in the following statement. It
shows that the implicature meaning that want to be created by speaker is he want to
µLQIRUP¶ WKDW WKHUH LV LQWHUQHW LQ KLV ,VODPLF GRUPLWRU\ %\ his mistake in using the word
µLQWHQHW¶ EHFRPLQJ µHWHUQLW¶, it makes the hearer assumes that his statement is funny
because of his ignorance. It is prove that function of the implicature is creating a humor
effect.
4.2.2. Insinuating someone
[3] ³'35 GXOX 7. VHNDUDQJ SOD\JURXS ´ NDWD *XV 'XU
The implicature of the VWDWHPHQW DERYH FRQWDLQV DQ µLQVLQXDWLRQ¶ *XV 'XU¶V
>>utterance is created to hint the member of House of Representative in this time
SHULRG ,Q *XV 'XU¶V VWDWHPHQW DOVR LQFOXGHV DQ H[SHFWDWLRQ WKDW WKH PHPEHUV FDQ
improve their attitude in solving a problem. They can be wiser in dealing with a
problem.

[4] ³VXSD\D UDN\DW WHQWUDP PERN \D SDUD HOLW SROLWLN LWX NDODX EHUDQWHP FDUDQ\D
\DQJ FHUGDV ODK 5DN\DW VHSHUWL NLWD LQL NDQ MXJD SHUOX WDKX %XNDQ EHJLWX *XV"´
³6HEHOXP WDKX LVWDQDQ\D KDUXV WDKX GXOX VLDSD GHPRQVWUDQQ\D ´MDZDE *XV 'XU
³\D VHEHOXP WDKX GHPRQVWUDQQ\D KDUXV WDKX GXOX VLDSD \DQJ PHPED\DUL ´
>> The utterance that is delivered by Gus Dus contains the implicature meaning that
because of the political interests from the political elites, they want to pay the
demonstrator to demonstrate the policy of government for imposing the government.
*XV 'XU¶V XWWHUDQFH LQFOXGHV D µLQVLQXDWLRQ¶ to the political elites who often pay the
demonstrator. Gus Dur hints the political elites in order to be noticed by them. They can
be more intelligent and wiser in taking an action.

4.2.3. Criticizing the government

[5] ³NLWD LQL VHWLDS WDKXQ PDVLK PHQJLPSRU ULEX WRQ OHEDK GDUL OXDU QHJHUL ´ WXWXU
Gus Dur
³/DK RUDQJ-orang yang berdemo itu, daripada mendemo menterinya mbok lebih
EDLN EHWHUQDN OHEDK VXSD\D NLWD WLGDN PHQJLPSRU ODJL ´ SLQWD *XV 'XU.
>> Gus Dur assumes that if they choose breeding bees than do demonstration, so the
government will not import bees from the other country. Gus Dur utters the statement to
criWLFL]H WKH SHRSOH ZKR FDQ RQO\ FODLP WKH JRYHUQPHQW¶V SURJUDP ZLWKRXW PDNLQJ DQ
effort to contribute to the success of the government program.

[6] ³1HJDUD EDSDN LWX DQHK \D 7LGDN SXQ\D ODXW WDSL SXQ\D SDQJOLPD VHSHUWL %DSDN ´
Tanya staf Al Brasil
Dengan kDOHP VDQJ WDPX SXQ PHQDQJJDSL ³1HJHUL $QGD LQL MXJD DQHK \D
Hukumnya tidak berjalan, tapi merasa perlu mengangkat seorang menteri
NHKDNLPDQ ´
>> The implicature meaning of the utterances is it is better that a country does not have
ministers than it has ministers but they do not do their job well. The utterances include
D µFULWLFLVP¶ WR WKH JRYHUQPHQW WKDW GRHV QRW GR WKHLU MRE ZHOO )URP WKH GDWD > @ WKHUH
is an expectation that government should more selective in choosing a minister in order
to improve development of a country.

4.2.4. Mockery Someone

[7] ³EDKNDQ NHWLND GLWDQ\D OHELK JDQWHQJ VLDSD DQWDUD *XV 'XU GDQ *XV 3XU *XV 'XU
PHQJDWDNDQ +DQGR\R VHSHUWL LNODQ ILOP IRWR \DQJ EHUPRWR ³VHLQGDK ZDUQD
DVOLQ\D´ WDSL *XV 'XU PHPSOHVHWNDQQ\D PHQMDGL ³ OHELK Lndah dari warna
DVOLQ\D ´ NDWD *X 'XU
>> In the data 9, Gus Dur utterance contains a mockery that refers to him. The mockery
is created by Gus Dur because physically Gus Pur has more perfect physical than Gus
Dur. As we know that Gus is blind and he cannot walk.
[8] ³$IWHU *XV 'XU ZDV SRLQWHG 3UHVLGHQW DQG 0HJDZDWL 6XNDUQRSXWUL 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW
ODVW \HDU :DKLG VDLG LQ IURQW RI DQ RSHQ PLFURSKRQH ³WKLV LV DQ LGHDO WHDP-the
3UHVLGHQW FDQ¶W VHH DQG WKH 9LFH 3UHVLGHQW FDQ¶W WDON´
>> The implicature meaning that is delivered by the speaker is the President and Vice
President do not have an ability to lead a country because both of them have weakness
in thePVHOYHV :KHQ WKH VSHDNHU VD\V µDQ LGHDO WHDP¶, it does not a positive argument
but otherwise. It does not mean that they are an ideal team to cooperate in leading a
country, but they are an ideal team because of their weakness. The purpose of the
XWWHUDQFHV LV WR PDNH D µPRFNHU\¶ WR WKH SUHVLGHQW DQG YLFH SUHVLGHQW EHFDXVH RI WKHLU
weakness.

4.2.5. Warning the readers

[9] ³3DN NHQDSD NRJ VD\D \DQJ SUHVLGHQ VHNDOLJXV MXUX GDNZDK PHQGDSDWNDQ \DQJ
OHELK UHQGDK GDUL VHRUDQJ VRSLU PHWURPLQL"´ SURWHV *XV 'XU
'HQJDQ WHQDQJ PDODLNDW PHQMDZDE ³ %HJLQL *XV VDDW DQGD FHUDPDK DQGD
membuat orang-orang semua ngantuk dan tertidur, sehingga melupakan Tuhan.
Sedangkan pada saat sopir metromini mengemudi ngebut, ia membuat orang-
RUDQJ EHUGRD ´
>> WH FDQ FRQFOXGH WKDW WKH FRQYHUVDWLRQ DERYH KDV µD ZDUQLQJ¶ WR WKH UHDGHU WKDW WKH
people who has a good profession, it should not get better reprisal too, because if we do
WKH JRRG DFWLYLW\ LQ KXPDQ¶V SRLQWV RI YLHZ LV QRW VDPH DV *RG¶V SRLQW RI YLHZ

[10] ³$O 4XUDQ LWX NLWDE VXFL \DQJ SDOLQJ SRUQR <D NDQ EHQHU GL GDODPQ\D DGD
kalimat menyusui. Berarti mengeluarkan tetek. Ya sudah, cabu kan??
³PDNVXGQ\D LWX D\DW MDGL SRUQR NDODX \DQJ EDFD ODJL SXQ\D SLNLUDQ QJHUHV .DODX
nggak, ya udah. Bearti beres.
>> *XV 'XU WULHV WR FKDQJH WKH SHRSOH¶V PLQG LQ ORRNLQJ DW D VRFLDO SKHQRPHQRQ LQ
different point of view. The phenomenon that is considered to be a false case, it can be a
WUXH FDVH LI ZH ZDQW WR VHH IURP WKH GLIIHUHQW SRLQW RI YLHZ *XV 'XU¶V VWDWHPHQW
provLGHV D µZDUQ¶ WR WKH UHDGHU LQ RUGHU QRW WR EH QHJDWLYH WKLQNLQJ EHIRUH NQRZLQJ WKH
meaning of a statement. Besides, the statement suggests the reader not only think with
one point of view, but also from another point of view.

5. Conclusion
In finding the implicature the writer interprets the conversation in the book Humor
Lucu Ala Gus Dur 7KH ZULWHU DOVR XVHV *ULFH¶V WKHRU\ RI &RRSHUDWLYH 3ULQFLSOH )URP
the theory the writer found only three maxim violations that are the maxim violation of
quality, quantity, and relevance. The writer cannot find the maxim violation of manner
in the data. The writer found that the implicit meaning was created because the
participant violated the maxim. Sometimes there is more than one maxim violation that
is created by speaker in one conversation.
From the implicature analysis, the writer found four types of implicature
classification; they are representative illocutionary act, expressive illocutionary act,
commisive illocutionary act, and directive illocutionarytion act. There is one
illocutionary act that is not found in the data that is the expression of declaration
illocutionary act. In the representative illocutionary act, the writer found the implicature
of the utterances indicating the expression of description, conclusion, and fact. In the
expressive illocutionary act, the implicature that are found are the expression of dislike,
whising and sorrow. In the commisive illocutionary act, the expression of warn,
suggestion, and request found in the uttarances. While in the directive illocutionary act,
the writer found the expression of refusal, offering, and threatening in the uttarances.
After finding the implicature of the utterances, the writer found that there are some
functions that are produced by the speaker in using the implicit meaning. The functions
are to creat the humor effect, to insinuate someone, to criticize government, to mock
someone, and to warn the reader.

5.2 Suggestion
7KH ZULWHU DQDO\VHV WKH GDWD XVLQJ *ULFH¶V WKHRU\ EHFDXVH LW PDNHV HDV\ WR WKe
writer finding the implicature of the uttarancces. Actually, there is more appropriate
theory to analyse the implicature of the uttarances. The theory is the relevance theory of
Gan Sperber and Deirde Wilson. The writer hopes there is another research that will use
the theory to find the implicature of the utterances
.

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