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    Module 2a 222

    Uploaded by

    suraj

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Module 2a 222

    Uploaded by

    suraj
    11 views3 pages

    Original Title

    MODULE 2A 222

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views3 pages

    Module 2a 222

    Uploaded by

    suraj

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 3

    POWER AND POWER TRIANGLE

    The expression for the current in a series R-L circuit is

    BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 18ELE13/23

    Department of ECE, M.I.T.E Page 10

    APPARENT POWER

    It is defined as the product of r.m.s. value of voltage (V) and current (I). It is denoted by S.

    It is measured in unit volt-amp (VA) or kilo volt-amp (kVA).

    REAL OR TRUE POWER (P)

    It is defined as the product of the applied voltage and the active component of the current.

    It is real component of the apparent power. It is measured in unit watts (W) or kilowatts

    (kW).

    BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 18ELE13/23

    Department of ECE, M.I.T.E Page 11

    Reactive Power (Q)

    It is defined as product of the applied voltage arid the reactive component of the current.

    It is also defined as imaginary component of the apparent power. It is represented by ‘Q’ and

    it is measured in unit volt-amp reactive (VAR) or kilovolt-amp reactive (kVAR).

    POWER FACTOR (COSΦ)

    It is defined as factor by which the apparent power must be multiplied in order to obtain the

    true power.

    It is the ratio of true power to apparent power.

    The numerical value of cosine of the phase angle between the applied voltage and the current
    drawn from the supply voltage gives the power factor. It cannot be greater than 1.

    It is also defined as the ratio of resistance to the Impedance.

    If current lags voltage power factor is said to be lagging. If current leads voltage power factor

    is said to be leading.

    So, for pure inductance, the power factor is cos (90°) i.e. zero lagging while for pure

    capacitance, the power factor is cos (90°) i.e. zero but leading. For purely resistive circuit

    voltage and current are in phase i.e. φ= 0. Therefore, power factor is cos (0°) = 1. Such circuit

    is called unity power factor circuit.

    φ is the angle between supply voltage and current.

    BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 18ELE13/23

    Department of ECE, M.I.T.E Page 12

    A.C. THROUGH SERIES R-C CIRCUIT

    Consider a circuit consisting of pure resistance R-ohms and connected in series with a pure

    capacitor of C-farads as shown in the Fig. The series combination is connected across ac.

    supply given by v = Vm sin ωt.

    Circuit draws a current I, then there are two voltage drops,

    a) Drop across pure resistance, VR = I R

    b) Drop across pure inductance, VC = I Xc

    where Xc =

    2π f C

    I= r.m.s. value of current drawn


    VR, Vc= r.m.s. values of voltage drops

    The Kirchhoff’s voltage law can be applied to get,

    Let us draw the phasor diagram. Current I is taken as reference as it is common to both the

    elements.

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