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Assignment 2

Wind power is a renewable energy source that converts kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines are either horizontal-axis or vertical-axis designs. Horizontal-axis turbines have three blades mounted on a hub that is connected to a generator to produce electricity. While wind power has benefits like being clean and having low operating costs, initial setup costs are high and wind availability can fluctuate depending on location.

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63 views

Assignment 2

Wind power is a renewable energy source that converts kinetic energy from wind into electrical energy using wind turbines. Modern wind turbines are either horizontal-axis or vertical-axis designs. Horizontal-axis turbines have three blades mounted on a hub that is connected to a generator to produce electricity. While wind power has benefits like being clean and having low operating costs, initial setup costs are high and wind availability can fluctuate depending on location.

Uploaded by

RalphNicholaiApostolUlep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Mechanical Engineering
ME Elective 3

Assignment #2:
Wind Power Plant

Submitted By:

Elijah Vincent A. Azarcon


BSME V-1

Submitted to:

Prof. Armingol Morales


10/09/2021
Wind Power Plant

Wind power is an abundantly available renewable energy source worldwide.


Wind turbines are designed to take full advantage of this natural resource.
Wind turbines can operate at wind speeds ranging from 14 to 90 km/h and
are widely used worldwide. Wind farms are used to generate electricity in
windy areas using wind turbines. Nearly 2% of the solar energy that enters
Earth is converted into wind energy. This is because the uneven heating of
the earth's surface causes various low-pressure zones, and air molecules
move from the high-pressure zone to the low-pressure zone, creating wind.
Due to the Earth's rotation and surface irregularities, the wind moves
around the Earth in random trajectories. This wind flow is extracted from
the wind farm and turns generators that produce electricity.

Wind power generation begins when wind forces act on the blades of a
turbine, causing them to rotate, creating mechanical energy. The blades,
which are mounted with a hub and shaft at low speed, rotate with the
blades. The low-speed rotating shaft is connected to the gearbox, which
connects to the high-speed shaft on the opposite side of the gearbox. This
high-speed shaft connects to a generator to convert the mechanical energy
of rotating the blades into electrical energy. Spinning 11 to 20 times per
minute, each turbine can generate up to 1.5 megawatts of electricity,
enough to power more than 500 residential homes on average.

Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups: Horizontal-Axis Turbines
and Vertical-Axis Turbines. Horizontal-axis wind turbines (pictured right) are
what many people picture when you think of wind turbines. They most
commonly have three blades and are operated "upwind," with the turbine
pivoting at the top of the tower so the blades face into the wind while
Vertical-axis wind turbines (pictured left) come in several varieties, including
the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. These
turbines are unidirectional, meaning they don't need to be adjusted to point
into the wind to operate. Its applications are mostly for electric generation
and can also be used for water pumping through multi blade turbine.

Wind turbine components:-


 Turbine blades – propellers with two, three or five blades
mounted on the horizontal shaft (this gives higher output than
when they are mounted on the vertical shaft) and made of a
lightweight material such as carbon fibre, fibreglass or wood,
that is strong enough to resist wind forces.
 A tail section – generally a fin that rotates the body of the wind
generator to turn the turbine into the direction of the wind, with
the fin directly downwind
 An alternator – AC electricity is generated by rotor windings
connected to the shaft from the turbine
 A rectifier – converts AC to DC for electricity that is being sent to
a battery storage system (the rectifier may be located in the
alternator or in a separate control box away from the tower)
 Electricity cables – transfer the electricity from the generator to
the electricity supply or battery storage system
 Slip rings – stop the cables twisting as they will otherwise twist
within the tower as the turbine body rotates
 Electric element – power is always produced when the turbine
spins, so if the power is excess to storage capacity, it must be
redirected to a dummy load (generally an electric element that
gets very hot) or sold (if permitted under the district plan) to an
electricity retailer
 Tower – the structure (usually steel, concrete or wood) that
holds the turbine high in the air, and allows the turbine
assembly on top to rotate into the wind – for residential
applications, it is typically a mast pole with guy wires
 Guy wires – hold the mast pole in operating position
 Gin pole and winch – allow the turbine to be lowered for
maintenance
 Concrete foundation – a 2–3 kW turbine on a 10–15 m tower
will typically require a 3–5 m3reinforced concrete foundation.

Pros and Cons


Pros
 Air as a fuel is free and inexhaustible.
 It is clean source of energy and does note pollute the
environment.
 The cost of electricity is too low and wind turbine could be used
over more than 20 years
 It’s cheap as only the installation and maintenance cost is
required.
Cons
 It takes a lot of research and effort to decide the location where
wind power plant has to be installed, due to fluctuating pattern
of wind.
 Its initial setup cost is too high as to setup a turbine you have to
go through a survey to determine the wind speed of the
location. It all adds up to the cost.
 They are the greatest disadvantage to local bird population as
they die due to collision with blades.
 Noise pollution is the one of the major disadvantage.
 Wind power plant is only useful to the countries with coastal or
hilly areas.

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