09 Civics Self Study Book E.M

CIVIC EDUCATION
SELF-STUDY BOOK
GRADE
09
Prepared by: M.H.M Musthanzir

Zahira College Kalmunai
(National School)
ZONAL EDUCATION OFFICE - KALMUNAI

M.H.M MUSTHANZIR (SLTS) ZAHIRA COLLEGE, KALMUNAI - 0758424573 - ZONAL EDUCATION OFFICE, KALMUNAI 1
01 Social Security
01. What is the basic unit of society?
❖ Family is the basic unit in a society.

02. What is ‘society’?
❖ Society is a collection of several families.

03. What do you understand by ‘social security’?
❖ Society must ensure protection and security for a person to live free from doubt and
fear, safeguarding one's interests
04. List down 4 institutions affect the social security?
❖ social institution
❖ Family
❖ School
❖ Religious institutions
05. Define the term ‘family’?
❖ The responsibility of a family is to provide a disciplined and cultured individual to

society. Nutrition, security, love, compassion, mercy, kindness and models received
by an individual, as a member of a family help produce confident, balanced
individual to society.
06. List down 4 services done by family to protect the society?
❖ Developing healthy relationships among members

❖ Conducting healthy relationships with relatives and neighbours
❖ Maintaining healthy relationships with different individuals
❖ Guiding towards better socialization
❖ Improving qualities like love, compassion and kindness
07. Write 4 services done by school for the protection of society?
❖ Provision of systematic education

❖ Producing fair, social and well-disciplined individuals
❖ Making perfect with competencies
❖ Producing individuals with balanced personality
❖ Teaching to fulfil duties while enjoying rights
❖ Transferring and protection of culture
08. List down some religious institutions can be seen in your society?
❖ Temple
❖ Mosque
❖ Kovil
❖ Church
09. Write 4 services performed by religious institutions for the establishment of social
security?
❖ Inculcating of good attitudes

❖ Establishment of discipline and education
❖ Driving towards spiritual development
❖ Producing virtuous citizens
✓ Rev. Fr. Marceline Jayakody has called ''Priest in the temple'' because he worked
hard to bring about unity among religion.
10. List down 5 social institutions help in social security?
❖ Children's Clubs
❖ Elders' Society
❖ Sports Clubs
❖ Youth Councils
❖ Village Development Societies
11. Write down 4 tasks performed by social institutions for the social security?
❖ Developing of unity among members

❖ Establishing of healthy inter-personal relationships
❖ Practising to respect and to accept others' opinions
❖ Respecting the leadership and fulfilling duties of followers
❖ Fulfilment of social duties and responsibilities
12. Write 04 institutions that training to eradicate or curtail such anti-social activities for
the establishment of social security. (Liquor and usage of narcotics, anti-social activities
and misconducts)
❖ National Board of Dangerous Drug Control

❖ Sri Lanka Police
❖ National Child Protection Authority
❖ Department of Probation and Child Care Services
13. What is ‘Law’?
❖ System of all regulations imposed by the State to which all individuals of a country or
society must obey can be simply introduced as law.
14. Write 03 government organizations support to establish social security?
❖ Court, Police and security forces

15. Write 04 attributes of law?
❖ Enacted by government based on authority

❖ Controlling man's behaviour and activities
❖ Violation of law is a punishable offence
❖ Enacting commonly, targeting the well-being of the society
❖ Changing, according to the changing of social needs
16. List 04 source of law?
❖ Constitution, Verdicts from courts

❖ Opinions of the scholars of law
❖ Religion
❖ Regulations and Acts
❖ Customs
17. Mention 2 types of law?
❖ Domestic law
❖ International law
18. Name 3 types of domestic law?
❖ Constitutional law, Criminal law, Civil law

19. What is mean by ‘Domestic Law’?
❖ The law that is enacted and exercised pertaining within the territorial boundary of a
country is called domestic law. Domestic law varies from country to country.
20. Briefly explain 3 types of domestic law in your own words?
❖ The law that is exercised when one country works with another country or several
countries can be simply introduced as international law. Examples for such several
international laws that exercise as international rules are given below;
❖ International human rights law
❖ Immigration and emigration law
❖ International laws connected to the flights
❖ International maritime law
❖ International environment law
21. Write 3 functions of court?
❖ The jurisdiction,
❖ protection of freedom
❖ right of the people in a democratic country
22. Draw the structure of present judicial system in Sri Lanka?
23. Write 3 tasks perform by Police in Sri Lanka?
❖ Curtail anti-social activities like liquor, narcotics, arrest culprits and bring them into
the strong arm of the law.
❖ Preventing various disputes, conflicts and terrorist activities are also an important
mission of the police.
❖ Establishment of social security by protecting law and peace in the country is the main
responsibility of the police.
❖ “Dhammo Bhave Rakkathi Dammachari” The one who behaves according to the
Dhamma will be protected by the Dhamma (Doctrine) itself. This is the motto of the
Police.
❖ A Retired Director General of Police, A.J. Iddamalgoda, defines the word POLICE as
follows;
P - Polite
O - Obedient
L - Loyal
I - Intelligent
C - Courageous
E – Efficient
24. Who is the head of Attorney General’s Department?
❖ Attorney General
25. Write 04 tasks performed by Attorney General’s Department?
✓ The Attorney General’s Department holds the responsibility for all legal
activities of the government. Prosecutions and appearances in cases on behalf of
the government are conducted by this department.
❖ Provision of necessary legal advice in the lawsuits connected to the government
❖ Compiling of all legal activities to the government or against the government
❖ Appearing for the lawsuits connected to the government or State institutions
❖ Providing proper legal advice to the Acts to be submitted to the Parliament
26. Name 3 institutions work together with the Government Analyst’s Department for the
establishment of social security?
❖ Analytical and specialist advisory services connected to the fields like

forensic science, food science for courts, law imposing institutions and other
institutions are provided by the Government Analyst’s Department.
❖ “Building of a just and a law-abiding society” is the vision of the Government
Analyst’s Department.
❖ Court of Law
❖ The Police Department
❖ Health Department
❖ Sri Lanka Standard Institute
27. List down 3 tasks done by Department of Prison?
❖ The main functions of the Prisons Department are to imprison various wrongdoers
condemned by the law and committed to prison, rehabilitate and release them to
society as just and peaceful citizens with human values. In addition, the Prisons
Department is responsible to keep in custody, those suspected of crimes, looking after
and maintaining
❖ them. Researches reveal that a larger percentage of people sent to prison have not
successfully completed school education.
28. Name 3 security forces in Sri Lanka which is established to ensure social security?
❖ Army, Navy and Air force
Sri Lanka Army
• After the independence, Ceylon Army was established on 10th October, 1949. Ceylon
Army was renamed as ‘Sri Lanka Army’ in 1972. Provision of security to the nation on
land is the main task of the Army. Sri Lanka Army that serves under the motto,
• “For the Fatherland” is always on alert both in day and night for the protection of
motherland. The Army is dedicated to protect the land from various military situations
that affect both locally as well as internationally.
29. Write 3 tasks perform by Sri Lanka Navy?
❖ Ceylon Navy was established on 09th December, 1950. It is known as Sri Lanka Navy
since 1972. ''The Golden fence around the country'' is the motto of the Navy. The
main task of the Navy is to protect the motherland from the military threats or outside.
Sri Lanka Navy that works hard fighting with the mighty ocean provides the protection
from the land as well as from the sea. Working for the prevention of illegal trading
activities like drugs and illegal immigration that occur along the sea routes are also
important tasks rendered by the Navy. The prevention of illegal fishing that is
conducted, violating the territorial sea limits, is also an important service of the Navy.
Here it must be appreciated the services rendered by Sri Lanka Navy in supplying
transportation among islands, helping in disaster situations and rescuing the people
caught in flood, etc.
30. Write 3 tasks perform by Sri Lanka Air Force?
❖ Ceylon Air Force was established on 02 nd March, 1951. It was renamed as “Sri Lanka
Air
Force” since 1972. ‘Protect Lanka skies (Surakimu Lakambar) is the motto of the Air
Force. Protecting the motherland from the sky while piercing the whole sky of the
country is the main task of the Sri Lanka Air Force. Except the protection of the
motherland from the threats levelling from local as well as international warfare,
conducting domestic flights are also an important service of the
Air Force. Provision of aid, saving lives and provision of security, in the disasters
reaching the locations that can be reached by neither on land nor water are another
important service rendered by the Sri Lanka Air Force
31. List down 04 services done by security forces to establish social security?
❖ Protecting the country from threatening situations related to war both locally or
internationally
❖ Acting to subdue insurrection, fights and terrorist activities
❖ Assisting the police to protect physical and human resources in Sri Lanka
❖ Providing relief services with sudden hazards and disasters
32. Write 04 duties and responsibilities of individuals on the constitution and rules and
regulations?
❖ Unawareness of the law is not a reason for excuse

❖ It is important to know about the punishment that is deserved when law is violated.
❖ There is no change in the due punishment even though the law is not known
❖ Making others aware of the rules and regulations that we know already is our duty
33. List 04 responsibilities and duties of individuals relevant to the Judiciary?
❖ Respecting the court

❖ Obeying the court process
❖ Protecting the respect of the court
❖ Respecting the judges
34. List 04 duties and responsibilities of individuals related to the Police?
❖ Showing obedience relevant to the practice of law

❖ Assisting to maintain peace and protection
❖ Making the police informed whenever peace is violated
❖ Assisting the police to capture criminals
❖ Assisting the police for criminal investigation
35. Write 04 duties and responsibilities of people related to the security forces?
❖ Assisting the relief services in disasters

❖ Contribution as much as possible for the welfare activities of the war - heroes
❖ Acting sensitively about the dead or disabled war - heroes
❖ Not disturbing the activities of controlling riots
36. Write 04 responsibilities and duties of people related to the Conciliation Board?
❖ The system that exists for the conciliation in Sri Lanka has been introduced
by the Act no 72 of Conciliation Board Act of 1998.
❖ The panel for Conciliation Board is appointed by the Conciliation Board Commission.
Educated, intelligent and virtuous individuals accepted by the society are appointed
as panel members.
❖ Being aware of the correct process of lodging a dispute at Conciliation Board
❖ Protecting the respect of conciliators and other parties
❖ Seeking the assistance of Conciliation Board to get trivial disputes solved
❖ Showing obedience towards the Conciliation Board when disputes get solved
37. What are the 04 ways of filing a case in a conciliation board?
❖ 1. Through the Police

❖ 2. Through the Court
❖ 3. Filing a case privately
38. Write 04 duties and responsibilities of individuals connected to the National Child
Protecting Authority?
❖ National Child Protection Authority was established by Act No 50 of 1998 of the

Parliament. It has been established with the objectives of prevention of child abuse
and supplying the protection and treatments for victims who were subjected to such
abuse.
39. Write the vision and mission of National Child Protecting Authority?
❖ Vision- To create a friendly and protective environment for children

❖ Mission-To ensure that children are free from all forms of abuse
40. List down 04 services done by National Child Protecting Authority?
❖ Legal intervention relevant to the child abuse

❖ Conducting educational exhibitions and awareness programmes
❖ Provision of psycho – social services to the victims
❖ Tsunami Foster – parent programme
❖ Special police investigations
41. How can you help National Child Protection Authority? Write 04 ways.
❖ Taking measure to protect child rights

❖ To participate in educational exhibitions and awareness programmes
❖ Provision of information for the activities at all investigations
❖ relevant to child abuse and criminal cases
42. Write 04 duties and responsibilities of individuals relevant to the Human Rights
Commission?
❖ Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka has been established for the protection of
human rights by No 21 Act of 1996.
❖ Complaining about the violation of human rights.
❖ Showing obedience and respect for the recommendations of Human Rights
Commission
❖ To participate in Human Rights promotional programmes
❖ Assisting activities of the Commission by providing necessary and correct
information
❖ Fulfilment of duties connected to the human right
43. Name 04 institutions which are active for the social security?
❖ Security Forces
❖ Conciliation Board
❖ Court
❖ National Child Protection Authority
❖ Human Rights Commission
02 Contemporary Changes
01. What is ‘Technology’?
❖ the methodology man utilizes to make his work easier can be simply introduced as
Technology.
02. Mention 4 fields where technology can be used?
❖ Technological changes mean the changes of methodologies that are used to make
human need easier.
❖ Medicine
❖ Engineering
❖ agriculture
❖ commerce
03. What is mean by ‘Research’?
❖ The study that is conducted to find some solutions to a problem following scientific
methods is a research.
04. Give 04 reasons for the origination of technical devices?
❖ Exploration and researches fulfil a specific task in present day world. Accordingly,
human needs to have been widened. Need arise for modified tools to fulfil them. It is
more apt to introduce this as the most powerful factor that influenced to the origin
of technical productions.
❖ With the gradual development of population, human needs also developed. Need for
efficient tools arise to get these needs fulfilled.
05. Write 4 social changes that occur due to the changes of technology?
❖ Change of the consumer pattern of man

❖ Origin of more new employments
❖ Origin of new styles
❖ Origin of the methods of modern medical treatments
06. Give 04 favorable effects of technical changes?
❖ Works becoming easy

❖ Saving time
❖ Minimizing the wastage of resources
❖ Increase of productivity
07. Give 04 unfavorable effects of technical changes?
❖ Human needs become complex

❖ Adaptation of man to unnecessary consuming pattern
❖ Mechanisation of people
❖ Society becomes complex
08. Give 4 instances the technology can be used by a creative citizen?
❖ For various domestic needs

❖ For multi-service necessities. (education, transportation, communication, hygienic)
❖ For leisure and recreational activities
❖ For the building up social relations
09. What do you understand by ‘appropriate technology’? Write in brief.
❖ using technology to suit the social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions
of the country. Using machinery to maximize the use of human labour in a country
where human labour is in abundance can be cited as example. There are two
important things that should be focused in using technology; advancing towards
industrialization, preserving traditional industries and expanding technical needs
bearable to the country
10. What is mean by ‘sustainable development’?
❖ Sustainable development means long-lasting and endurable development.

Development that is conducted without destroying the resources that are necessary
for the needs of future generations while resources are used for the present day
activities without damaging the environment is called sustainable development
11. Write 4 benefits of using appropriate technology for sustainable development?
❖ Avoiding wastage of resources

❖ Ability to take maximum use of labour resources
❖ Minimizing environmental pollution
❖ Ability to maintain a balanced environment
12. What are the main processes that take place in an economy?
❖ Production- changing economical resources to fulfil the needs of human.

❖ Distribution- The process of providing manufactured goods and services up to the
consumer is distribution.
❖ Consumption- Transportation is a compulsory factor for it. Fulfilment of human
needs by using goods and services produced in an economy
13. What is distribution and consumption?
❖ Distribution- The process of providing manufactured goods and services up to the

consumer is distribution.
❖ Consumption- Transportation is a compulsory factor for it. Fulfilment of human
needs by using goods and services produced in an economy
14. What are the 03 sections that the changes take place in an economy?
❖ Agricultural sector
❖ Industrial sector
❖ Service sector
15. Write 4 modern changes has taken place in the agricultural sector of Sri Lanka?
❖ Use of machinery for preparation of land, planting, harvesting, etc

❖ Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
❖ Introduction of hybrid seeds and tissue-culture plant varieties to get short-term
harvests
❖ Use of gene technology
16. Give 04 changes and development in the industrial sector?
❖ Existence of division of labour and specification

❖ Origin of assembling industry
❖ Origin of high – technical industry
❖ Employing robot technology in the process of production
17. Give 3 effects caused by economical changes in the society and in individual’s life due
to the influence of technology in Sri Lanka?
❖ Individuals addicting to unfavourable consuming pattern

❖ Tending to a life pattern that does not withstand with economy
❖ Getting used to wrong behavioural patterns
❖ Urbanization
❖ Environmental pollution
✓ Due to this, though whatever changes occur in the economy, we must be
conscious to adapt to these contemporary changes in appropriate way. There,
❖ Identifying one's needs and use of appropriate technology accordingly
❖ Not becoming a slave to technology
❖ Apt adaptation to the changes takes place in the economy
18. What is ‘job market’?
❖ The demand for the employment opportunities available in the

world of work and suitable supply for it can be simply defined as "Job Market".
19. What is ‘world of work’?
❖ All the employment opportunities available in the society are called the world of
work
20. Name 3 employments that are open through new trends?
21. Give 2 factors that have influenced in the demand of employment opportunities?
❖ Human needs being complex

❖ Gradual increase of the crowd receiving education
❖ Arrival of various machineries in the place of human labour
❖ Growth of labour force with the growth of population
22. What are 2 main sections of job market?
❖ Local job market

❖ Foreign job market
✓ There are many modern employments that have emerged under the influence
of new trends in the job market. The following are some examples for them:
✓ Data processors
✓ Software engineers
✓ Horticulture technicians
✓ Genetic engineers
✓ Fashion modelers
23. Write 4 qualifications expected in job market?
❖ Training on new technical equipment

❖ Knowledge on computer
❖ Willingness to be trained further
❖ Dedication to provide the service in additional time
❖ Flexibility
24. What is called as ‘well-being’?
❖ “Living righteously is well-being” Or else, leading a righteous life earning wealth in

legal means without disturbing others is well-being.
25. Write 3 factors that affect the increase of necessity of well-being?
❖ Directing to earn wealth and to use wealth in just - To working and by his own
efforts direct citizens to earn by hard
❖ Justice- Having society accepted living hood and livelihood
❖ Peace- To maintain peace and harmony
❖ For the well-being of the society- To live as a virtuous, loyal citizen and to work
law-abiding in a society
26. Write 4 examples for qualities of well-being which help to lead a righteous life?
❖ Law abiding, Listening well

❖ Generosity, Gratitude
❖ Contentment, Cordiality
❖ Righteousness
27. Write 5 problems face by the person who fail to practice the qualities of well-being?
❖ Collapse social security

❖ Breaking down of social peace
❖ Increase of anti-social activities
❖ Increase of mental stress
❖ Increase of misconducts
28. Give 3 ways how well-being influences good existence of the society?
❖ Protection of others' rights

❖ Persuade to fulfil one's duties without delay
❖ Creation of peaceful environment in the society
❖ Ensuring social security
29. Give 3 examples for the necessity of co-existence?
❖ To protect the unity of the diverse society

❖ For the fortification of social security
❖ To help the people those who cannot fulfil their needs
❖ For the promotion of the equality in the society that is unequal
30. Write 4 qualities of co-existence?
❖ Acting in collaboration, Sharing

❖ Respecting others, Cordiality
❖ Mutual trust
31. Give 04 importance of inculcating the co-existence qualities?
❖ Personal development
❖ Establishment of peace
❖ Building up mutual friendship
❖ Acceleration of social development
✓ In our society there are many types of peoples living.

✓ Those who have high well-being qualities but less co-existence qualities
✓ Those who possess high co-existence qualities but less well-being qualities
✓ Those who possess less well-being and co-existence qualities
✓ Those who possess both well-being and co-existence qualities to the maximum –
32. What can you understand by ‘co-operative movement?
❖ British nationalist Robert Owen is considered as the ''Father of Co-operative

Movement
❖ The Co-operative Movement is the service based on good social environment which
includes feeling of co-operation and social value in place of competition that exists
among the people for economic development. British nationalist, Robert Owen –
1845
❖ A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntary to meet
their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly
owned and democratically – controlled enterprise.
(International Co-operative Alliance -ICA - 1995)
33. Write 4 objectives of co-operative movement?
❖ Fulfilling the needs of the members

❖ Creating a path for man to live better
❖ Assisting to upgrade the living condition of people
❖ Fulfil the needs by the collective power that cannot be fulfilled individually
34. What is the motto of co-operative?
❖ ''Each for all – All for each''

35. Write 5 co-operative societies functioning in Sri Lanka?
❖ Multi-Purpose Co-operative Societies

❖ Co-operative Credit Societies
❖ Agro - product Co-operative Societies E.g. - Tea, Coconut, Rubber
❖ Fisheries Co-operative Societies
❖ Industrial Co-operative Societies e.g. - Weaving, Carpentry, Coir industry
36. Write 4 tasks perform by the co-operative service?
❖ Selling consumer goods at low cost

❖ Supplying credit facilities
❖ Conducting various welfare services
❖ Maintaining member's savings
37. Write 4 services provided by the Multi-Purpose Co-operative Societies?
❖ Milk bars/ Restaurants

❖ Educational services
❖ Insurance services
❖ Pre-school
38. Write 04 objectives of school co-operative societies?
❖ Directing to use co-operative system

❖ Making co-operative features and qualities popular in the school
❖ Generating creative leaders
❖ Achieving active group of citizens who work with conscious
39. Give 04 expected targets of school co-operative societies?
❖ Provision of all necessary stationeries to the students at low cost

❖ Supply of hygiene milk and food varieties of reasonable cost
❖ Practicing the habit of saving from the childhood
❖ Supplying the educational needs
40. List down 4 services that could be obtained from the school co-operative society to the
students?
❖ Ability to buy school stationery at reasonable prices

❖ Ability to buy food items at reasonable prices
❖ Ability to buy sports goods at a reasonable price
❖ Leadership training
41. Write 2 importance of acting as a member of a global village?
❖ Broad vision about the world

❖ Appreciate indigenousness meaningfully
✓ Various changes in the fields like economic, society, and politics of the present world
take place continuously. As a citizen, a knowledge and understanding about all those
changes must be achieved. Acting with the world with such knowledge and
understanding is known as the broad vision of the world.
42. What are the basic features of multi-cultural society in Sri Lanka?
❖ different ethnic groups like Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims, and Burghers live in Sri
Lanka.
❖ They believe in different religions like Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Catholicism.
There are identical cultures inherited to these ethnic groups. Various different
cultural features can be seen in them.
44. Write 04 factors caused to function co-existence globally?
❖ Unequal distribution of resources

❖ Global diversity Inability to produce all the things needed for a country in the same
country
❖ Rapid development of information technology of the world with the technical
advancement
❖ Conversion of the total world into a global village
45. What is ‘mutual inter-dependency’?
❖ Working co-operatively while helping each other is mutual inter-dependency.

❖ Ex. United Nations Organizations, SARRC Organization, Union of Europe, Asian
Organization
03 Democratic Governance
01. What is ‘Democracy’?’
❖ Democracy is a governing system as well as a life style. Democracy can simply be

defined as a governing system based on public preference
02. What is mention by ‘DEMOS’ and ‘KRATOS’ in Greek?
❖ The English word ''Democracy'' is formed by two Greek words ''Demos'' and Kratos''.
''Demos'' means public while ''kratos'' denotes power. Therefore, the meaning of the
word ''Democracy'' in Greek language is the power of people.
03. Write the definition given by Abraham Lincoln and Sealer for Democracy?
❖ Democracy is a public governance done by the people for the people- Abraham
Lincoln
❖ Democracy is a governing system which provides rights for everybody- Sealer
04. What can you understand by democratic governance?
❖ Democracy can be introduced as a system of governance done by the people with

the decision of the majority.
05. Write 4 features of a democratic life style?
❖ Fulfilling duties while enjoying rights,

❖ respecting others' views,
❖ taking decisions through discussions
❖ respecting equity
06. Name the 2 types of ‘Democracy’?
❖ Direct Democracy
❖ Indirect Democracy
07. Write brief point on ‘direct democracy’?
❖ The main feature of direct democracy is the direct participation of people in

governing. The governance that existed in Greek City State (known as polis) of
Athens was direct democracy. The main governing institution of Athens was citizen
council. There the public opinion was inquired directly. All the citizens had
participated in governance.
08. Write the definition of ‘direct democracy’?
❖ Direct involvement of people in decision making and governance is direct

democracy.
09. Write 3 methods of democracy functioned in Athens?
❖ Women, slaves and foreigners were not allowed to participate in the governance in
Athens where direct democracy functioned. Only elderly male resided in the city
were given opportunity to take an active role in the direct democratic governance.
10. Give 3 reasons for easy functioning of direct democracy in the past?
❖ Limited human needs

❖ Limited population
❖ Easy to discuss, take decisions and gathering in one place
11. Write 4 problems in implementing direct democracy at present?
❖ Immense population
❖ Difficulty of gathering in one place
❖ Complexity of human needs
❖ Complex nature of present governance
12. What do you understand by indirect democracy?
❖ As it was difficult to implement direct democracy, indirect democracy began.

Governing done by the public representatives is a feature of indirect democracy.
Public representatives are elected by the elections held time to time. Indirect
democracy can be introduced as representative democracy.
13. Write 5 basic features of democratic governance?
❖ Existence of government and opposition

❖ Election of governments and rulers using universal franchise
❖ Taking decisions by majority
❖ Equal treatment under law
❖ Act in accordance with the constitution
14. Write 4 factors that determine the success of democracy?
❖ Having high political knowledge and understanding of the public

❖ Taking intelligent decisions when electing rulers by the public
❖ Having a dedicated and honest leadership
❖ Having a good economic condition in the country
15. List 5 countries where indirect democracy functions?
❖ Sri Lanka, France

❖ India, Switzerland
❖ Japan, The United States of America
❖ The United Kingdom
16. What do you understand by rights? Write in brief.
❖ that rights are the recognition of the society for a person to lead a good life
17. List 5 rights of a citizen?
❖ Right to live
❖ Right to possess a name and a nationality
❖ Right to obtain education
❖ Right to do a legal job
❖ Right to follow a religion that one likes
18. Write 3 purpose of fulfilling duties?
❖ Duties bound by rights cause for the safeguarding of rights. This would also
safeguard other's rights
❖ When enjoying rights, what we have to fulfil to the society can be regarded as duties.
Each duty is bound by a right. In fact, duties and rights are like two sides of a coin. As
Sri Lankans, we have been fulfilling duties from generation to generation since past.
❖ Fulfilling duties is a must to safeguard peace and harmony, co-existence and social
security in a democratic society
19. List down 5 duties to be fulfilled to the society?
❖ Educate well
❖ Obeying and respecting parents/teachers
❖ Caring elders
❖ Keeping the environment clean
❖ Protecting public property
20. Write 2 duties of students and write 2 duties of teachers which can be done to the
society?
❖ As a student, your duty is to have a good education and be a good citizen to the
society. For that, teachers' duty is to provide you with knowledge, skills, attitudes
and competencies. Fulfilling duties by the teachers would directly influence to
safeguard your rights.
21. Write 3 basic duties to be fulfilled according to the Article No.28 of the constitution of
1978?
❖ To defend and follow the constitution and the law

❖ To improve the national upliftment and to foster national unity
❖ To work faithfully in one's chosen occupation
❖ To respect the rights and freedom of others
22. Write 3 rights within the legal frame work?
❖ Although every citizen has a right to use a road, that should be done under the
rules and regulations of roadways.
❖ Although every citizen has a right to do a job, that job should be a legal one.
❖ Although there is a right to win labour rights, it should not be done against
the law of the country
23. Write 3 limitations imposed for the protection of social well-being?
❖ Media prohibition during war conditions, rallies at times of destroying lives and
public
property and prohibiting picketing can be taken as some examples
24. Write an own definition for political party?
❖ A group of people organized for the purpose of getting power is a political party.
25. Write the definition of political party given by a scholar?
❖ A political party is an organized entity of people with the aim of getting the power of
the country and enacting it based on state principles- Maurice Duverger
❖ A political party is a group composed of people to serve national requirement under
❖ common principles- Edmond Bark
26. Write the common definition of political party?
❖ What is meant by a political party is a group of people organized to obtain the

State power based on certain principles
27. Name the 3 types of political parties?
❖ Single Party System

❖ Bi-Party System
❖ Multi-party system
28. Write the definitions with example for each type of political party?
29. Write 5 duties of a political party?
❖ Mobilising the scattered public opinion

❖ Promoting the aims and politics of the party
❖ Training future leaders
❖ Making the public aware
❖ Respecting democratic political views and opinions of the opponent parties
30. Write 4 functions to be fulfilled by political parties?
❖ Creating a basis for all the ethnic groups to exist in a multicultural society to enjoy
their rights
❖ National development through national unity
❖ Following a policy to refrain from religious and ethnic conflicts
❖ Dedicate to establish sustainable peace and for living with peace, co-existence,
co-operativity and national unity
31. What is mean by ‘franchise’?
❖ The right to express one's opinion at an election to elect people's representatives

and to check public opinion is franchise.
32. What is the age limit for the franchise?
❖ In our country, the citizens who complete 18 years of age are entitled legally
for the franchise.
33. Write 5 reasons for disqualification to be an elector according to the constitution of
1978?
❖ If he is not a citizen of Sri Lanka

❖ If he is under any law in Sri Lanka found to be of unsound mind
❖ If he is disqualified with civic rights
❖ If he is given a life imprisonment
❖ If he is sentenced to death
34. What are the elections functioning in Sri Lanka at present?
❖ Presidential election
❖ Parliament election
❖ Provincial Council election
❖ Election of Local Government Institutions
35. What can you understand by ‘universal franchise’?
❖ Franchise is granted to all qualified citizens to express their right to vote

in elections without discrimination
36. Name the constitution which introduced universal franchise in Sri Lanka?
❖ Universal franchise was given to the Sri Lankan citizens, both males and females,
who were above 21 years of age by the Donoughmore Constitutional Reforms in
1931.
37. In which year the universal franchise age limit reduced from 21 to 18?
❖ The age limit for the universal franchise has been reduced from 21 to 18 years in
1958
38. Write 4 qualifications required to grant franchise?
❖ Being a citizen of Sri Lanka

❖ Completion of 18 years of age
❖ Citizen's name should be included in the electoral list
❖ Being a person not subjected to disfranchise
39. Write 4 factors to be considered when casting vote?
❖ Electing educated, intelligent and exemplary leaders as representatives

❖ Being alert of policy papers produced before the elections
❖ Electing leaders who take care of public expectations instead of having personal
expectations
❖ Electing leaders who are dedicated to implement national goals and principles
40. Write 5 importance of universal franchise?
❖ Getting opportunity to all the citizens who are qualified to cast vote for one's
political opinion, without any discrepancy
❖ Getting opportunity to elect suitable leaders
❖ Getting opportunity to all citizens to engage in active politics
❖ Being able to expand political knowledge of the people
❖ Developing the sense of citizens that they are stake holders of governance
41. What are the 2 strategies of electing representatives at elections?
❖ Simple Majority Representative system

❖ Proportional Representative system
42. What can you understand by simple representative system and proportional
representative system?
❖ Simple Majority Representative System is electing the candidate who won the
majority of votes among the others of the electoral district.
❖ Proportional Representative system is the comparative distribution of members
according to the number of votes gained by a party or a group at an election
43. Name a country which can be an example for simple majority representation system?
❖ Great Britain is an example for a country that holds elections using Simple Majority
Representation system. Even in our country the same system functioned
from 1931 - 1978
44. When the simple majority representation system functioned in Sri Lanka?
❖ from 1931 – 1978

45. Write 3 government institutions elected on proportional representative system?
❖ Members for the parliament,

❖ provincial councils
❖ Local Government Institutions
46. Write 5 rights of citizens related to election?
❖ Inclusion of one's name in the electoral list

❖ Right to vote
❖ Getting the membership of a political party as one wishes
❖ Establishment of political parties
❖ Organising political meetings, taking part in them and expressing opinions
47. Write 5 duties of citizens related to elections?
❖ Casting the vote

❖ Following the rules and regulations of elections
❖ Avoidance of violence
❖ Acceptance of victory and defeat in equanimity
❖ Helping to implement election rules
❖ Canvassing without violating others ‘rights.
48. What do you understand by ‘assertiveness’?
❖ Assertiveness means working on just, reasonable and firm principles according to

one's own self-conscience.
49. Write 5 qualities necessary to develop assertiveness within a person?
❖ Firmness
❖ Loyalty
❖ Fairness
❖ Respecting others' views
❖ Work with broad understanding
50. Write 04 self-assertiveness?
❖ In the presence of any challenge being without changing one's proper and fair
actions
❖ To do everything according to one's self-assertiveness
❖ Even at challenging situations not to involve in any unfair deals even under influence
❖ To work on firm principle critically with optimistic attitudes
51. Write 04 assertiveness with others?
❖ When working with others, to work with one's own principles, self-conscience,
rules and regulations and social norms
❖ Expressing one's own feelings when and where necessary
❖ Acting critically with positive attitudes and firm principles
❖ Responding firmly on correct things without having any personal benefits
52. What is the concept of ‘Nation Building’?
❖ Nation Building is working together with different ethnic groups, religious groups or
social groups as one nation to achieve development goals facing future challenges. It
is essential to disregard differences of ethnic, religious, parties, caste or creed in
nation building…
❖ For an example, in our country people belong to Sinhala, Tamil, Muslim, Burgher live
together. Further, they belong to different religious groups such as Buddhists,
Hindus, Islamic, Catholics and Christians. Everybody must dedicate for nation
building with a sense of Sri Lankans….
53. What is ‘national policy’?
❖ A long-term action plan prepared in order to achieve the identified national

development needs, is called as a national policy.
54. Write 3 examples for national policy?
❖ National policy for education,

❖ national policy for economic development
❖ national policy for proper garbage disposal
55. Write 5 benefits gained by having a national policy?
❖ Economic and social development of the country

❖ Achieving specific objectives and goals
❖ Fulfil public expectations
❖ Help to achieve future challenges
❖ National unity occurs
56. Write 4 ideas regarding the contribution to national policy making?
❖ Making suggestions and procedures for national policy making

❖ Contributing to national policy making
❖ Taking part in national policy making without having personal benefits
❖ Working according to the national policies
57. Write some examples for working according to the national party?
❖ Appreciating national policies that focus on public well-being

❖ Active contribution to implement accepted national policies
Contribution to national development by working according to the national policies
58. Write some examples for importance of dedicated contribution for nation building?
❖ Everyone's contribution towards nation building with a sense of patriotism

❖ Mental and physical commitment of all the citizens to their job/ profession to build
the country
❖ Whatever a citizen does, should be done aiming at the national development
59. What are the minor activities that can be done in the school in regard of nation
building?
❖ Dear children, you may involve in different activities such as cleaning the classroom,
cleaning the school premises, growing plants, proper garbage disposal, etc. in the
school. Although they all seem to be minor activities, they play a major role in nation
building. When small children get together, we can do a great contribution to nation
building as creating a big river by collecting small rain drops.
60. Write 5 procedures to be followed for nation building as a citizen?
❖ Need of dedication towards national unity and peace as a citizen

❖ Maintaining an affordable lifestyle
❖ Protecting public property
❖ Conserving environment
❖ Working for personal development while contributing to national development
04 Local Government Institutions
01. What are local government institutions?
❖ These institutions have been set up to ease the administration of the region, and to
fulfil the needs of the region.
❖ It can be simply defined that the special institutions which are operative to maintain
community services, easily and efficiently, in the urban semi - urban and rural levels
are called Local Government Institutions.
02. What are the local government institutions function in Sri Lanka?
❖ Municipal Councils,
❖ Urban Councils
❖ Provincial Councils.
03. What is the main role of local government institutions?
❖ To maintain public services efficiently and fruitfully.
04. List 04 necessity of local government institutions?
❖ Expansion of democratic ruling up to the regional level

❖ Expansion of youth participation in political leadership
❖ Ability to build up future political leaders through regional level
❖ Easy preparation of national policies based on regional policies
❖ Easy maintenance of community services methodically
05. Mention 03 reason that contributed to form formal local government institutions
during British period?
❖ Increase in the population,

❖ urbanization
❖ the increase in the provision of social benefits to the public
06. Write 04 regulations brought in by the British.
❖ Establishment of Municipal Councils in 1865 A.D. in Colombo, Kandy and Galle under
the Municipal Council Ordinance No. 17
❖ Establishment of Village Councils in 1871 A.D. under the Village Council Ordinance
No. 26
❖ Establishment of Town Councils in 1940 A.D. under the Town Council Ordinance No.
61
❖ Establishment of Urban Councils in 1946 AD under the Ordinance No. 03
07. What are the first three Municipal Councils in Sri Lanka?
❖ Municipal Council in Colombo

❖ Municipal Council in Galle
❖ Municipal Council in Kandy
08. What were the local government institutions that functioned in Sri Lanka after?
independence?
❖ Village Councils
❖ Rural Councils
❖ Urban Councils
❖ Municipal Councils
09. What was the change made by regulations No.15 of 1987?
❖ In the year 1980, By the regulation No. 35: abolished Village and Rural Councils and
established District Development
❖ Councils and, established village-based councils and divisional based councils to
promote more participation in District Development Councils.
❖ Regulation No. 15 of 1987 abolished the District Development Councils and
established Provincial Councils
10. What are the 03 local government institutions in operation in Sri Lanka at present?
❖ Pradeshiya Sabhas
❖ Urban Councils and
❖ Municipal Councils are under operation.
✓ Local Government Institutions are inclusive of both the representatives of

the public and the government officials. A board of officers, including government
officials, has been formed to fulfil the affairs of such institutes efficiently and
fruitfully. Some basic features of the structure of a Local Government Institution
are as follows:
❖ The person in-charge of the Local Government Institution is a representative
of the public.
❖ Conducting administrative affairs is done by the government officers
❖ Decisions regarding the Local Government Institution are taken by the public
representatives
11. What is the number of local government institutions that functioned in Sri Lanka by
2017?
12. Draw the structure of a Pradesiya sabha in order.
13. Draw the structure of an Urban Council in order
14. Draw the structure of a Municipal council in order.
15. Write 04 responsibilities of the head of a local government institution?
❖ To convene and postpone the council

❖ To preside over the council
❖ To take the initiative to provide the needs of the people
❖ To organize and conduct activities related to the Local Government Institution
16. How do they appoint the Municipal commissioner in a Municipal council and who
appoint the Municipal commissioner?
❖ An officer of Sri Lanka Administrative Service is appointed by the Governor of the

relevant Provincial Council as the Municipal Commissioner in a Municipal Council.
17. How do they appoint the secretary in an Urban council or Pradeshiya Sabha and who
do appoint?
❖ An officer of the Super Grade, in the State Management Service is appointed, as the
Secretary to the Urban Council/ Pradesheeya Sabha, by the Public Services
Commission
18. Write 04 various powers given to local government institutions?
❖ Imposing Assessment Taxes and other related taxes

❖ Issuing street markings certificates
❖ Approving building plans
❖ Permitting the construction of permanent buildings and other structures
19. Write 04 ways of earning financial resources by the local government institutions?
❖ Revenue collected from the supply of public services

❖ Allocations from fines imposed by magistrate’s courts over violating laws
❖ Assessment taxes/Tax finance
❖ Grants from the Minister of Local Government to the Local Government Institutions
20. How are representatives elected for the local government institutions?
❖ So far, representatives were elected by the votes of the relevant region on

proportional representation. Amendments to the election of Local Government
Institute Ordinance No. 22 of 2012 has now been approved. Accordingly, procedure
for the representation of Local Government Institutions at an election is scheduled
to be changed.
❖ In accordance with that, it is suggested that the representatives will be elected on

individual representation and proportional representation, based on the electorate
level.
21. What are the criteria taken into consideration at the limitation of local government
institutions by a National committee?
❖ Population ratio to suit different nationalities

❖ The geography and physical features
❖ Population and the Density of the population
❖ Level of economic development
22. Mention 04 services offered by local government institutions?
❖ Maintaining public libraries and reading rooms,

❖ children’s parks, passageways for walking and jogging
❖ Local Government Institutions also conduct pre-school services.
❖ They also contribute to launch religious and cultural programs with a common value.
❖ Services such as road repairs, construction of bridges and culverts and construction
of new roads that belong to the Local Government authority areas are fulfilled by
them. Street lighting is also attended by the Local Government Institutions.
23. Write 04 duties to be fulfilled by the public(recipients) relating to services of local

government institutions?
❖ Payment of due taxes without delay

❖ Prompt payment of bills for the services provided
❖ Safeguarding public property and economical use of such property
❖ Obtaining legal approval for constructions
24. Write 04 responsibilities of the representatives of the public and the government
officials?
❖ Identifying resources in the area Understanding the needs and the problems of the
public
❖ Identifying strategic plans for development
❖ Assisting with the preparation of plans
❖ Considering requirements in making decisions
25. Write 04 duties of the representatives of the public and the government officials?
❖ Paying attention to the grievances of the public

❖ Maintaining close relationship with the public
❖ Attending meetings/ Taking part in meeting
❖ Preventing forgery, bribery and corruption
26. What are the matters that should be paid attention by local government institutions in
the implementation towards national development through regional development?
❖ Identifying regional needs and the resources

❖ Preparation of regional development plans through identifying the regional needs
and the resources
❖ Implementing plans properly
❖ Producing regional leaders
27. Mention few regional needs.
❖ The needs of people that differ according to the place they live in are called
regional needs. The following contribute to vary the requirements of regions:
❖ Distribution of resources
❖ Variety in culture
❖ Geographical background
❖ A few examples related to regional needs are given below:
❖ Providing drinking water to those living in a dry zone region

❖ Proper waste disposal and management in the Urban areas
❖ Development of infrastructure in rural areas
❖ Providing recreational facilities to both urban and rural areas (library services,
playgrounds, roadways for walking, children’s playgrounds, etc.)
28. What is the procedure to be followed by local government institutions in preparing

plans to supply water to drought-stricken area?
❖ Identify suitable catchment areas for the supply of water to areas with a shortage of
drinking water
❖ Investigate the possibility to supply water from the national water supply
❖ Prepare action plans to find the necessary finances for the water supply scheme
❖ Get technical assistance
29. Write 04 procedure to be followed by local government institutions in disposal of
garbage?
❖ Arrange to sort out garbage before disposal

❖ Supply waste bins
❖ Collect garbage
❖ Arrange recycling programs for garbage
❖ Prepare plans for the production of organic manure
30. Write 04 procedure to be followed by local government institutions in controlling

Dengue.
❖ Identify the areas likely to spread dengue in the region

❖ Propose suitable measures to clean or destroy vector mosquito breeding places
❖ Prepare plans for public participation in such programs and to get the assistance
from government/volunteer organizations/people of the region
05 Conflict Resolution
01. According to the Oxford dictionary, what is a Conflict?

❖ “A situation in which people, group or countries are involved in a serious
disagreement or argument
02. Write 04 various forms of conflict?

❖ riot, quarrel,
❖ disagreement, argument, hitting or war
03. Write 04 causes for conflict?

❖ Selfishness
❖ Being invade
❖ Being highly sensitive
❖ Taking decisions without seeking alternatives
❖ Different ideas
04. Write 04 parties involved in conflict?

❖ Within one self
❖ Between two people
❖ Within a family
❖ Among neighbours (among people/families/groups of people)
❖ Within one State or between two States
05. Write the various categories of conflict in the world?

❖ Conflicts based on politics
Conflicts related to boundaries can be cited as examples. There are conflicts
between India and Kashmeer for a long time.
❖ Conflicts based on economy

These conflicts are created due to many economic reasons such as obtaining
resources, poverty, capturing the market or broadening market. The conflict
between Irac and Quate for mineral oil can be cited as examples.
❖ Conflict based on society

Conflicts created due to various opinion among people/group of
people/among countries/religious groups or racial groups are some
examples.
06. Write 04 obstacles that could rise in conflict resolution?
❖ Rigidity
❖ Stick to one’s opinion
❖ Stick to one’s solution
❖ Not seeking alternatives
❖ No involvement of all the parties in conflict resolution
07. Write 04 qualities needed for conflict resolution?

❖ Patience, Active listening
❖ Kindness, Friendliness
❖ Ability to make decisions, Expressive ability
❖ Controlling emotions
08. Write 04 suitable methods of conflict resolution?

❖ Discussion
❖ Involvement
❖ Meditation
❖ Counselling
09. Write 04 situation where involvement method can be used?

❖ Family conflicts
❖ Among groups of students
❖ Among ethnic groups
❖ Among countries
10. What is the institution established by the ministry of justice for Mediation?
❖ Mediation Boards
11. Write 03 conflict that resolving by mediation board?

❖ Family conflicts
❖ Minor offences
❖ Conflicts among groups of people
❖ Inquiry
12. Write 04 advantages of positive conflict resolution?
❖ Confidence building
❖ Minimizing mental stress
❖ Safeguard personal respect
❖ Building friendliness
❖ Developing cultural integrity
❖ Establishment of peace
❖ Personal and social development
13. Write 04 consequences of not resolving conflict positively?
❖ Mental stress
❖ Being unpopular
❖ Having mutual suspicion and distrust
❖ Breaking down social relations
❖ Increasing unnecessary problems and expenditure
❖ Destruction of resources
❖ Breaking down in peace
06 World of Work
01. What is the major responsibility of education?
❖ Major responsibility of education today is to offer good citizens to the society.
02. What is the aim of education in school?
❖ The aim of education in schools should also be to offer a useful person to the
society.
03. Write 04 important information that should be included in a personal profile?
❖ Personal Information
Name
Address
Telephone number
Date of birth
Age
Educational qualifications
❖ Personal qualities
Dedication
Pleasantness
Friendliness
Generosity
Expressing ideas directly
❖ Personal skills
Aesthetic skills
Sports skills
Driving skills
Language skills
❖ Personal behaviour
Sociability
Ability to work alone
Ability to work as a team
Sharing
❖ Experience at school
Class monitor /Prefect
Cadet
Scout
Vehicle pioneer
Environmental pioneers
❖ Experience outside the school

Participating in shramdana campaign
Participating in disaster management activities
Assisting services in Elderly Homes, children orphanages
Welfare activities of students
Working in various societies/ organizations
04. Write 04 importance of maintaining a personal file?
❖ To know about the capabilities and in capabilities

❖ To understand preferences
❖ To understand weaknesses and to avoid them
❖ To understand the skills that are to be developed
❖ To establish self esteem
❖ To get it helped in selecting a job
05. Write 06 various field of occupations available in the world of work and give examples.
06. Write 04 employments can be categorized according to the place of work and give
examples.
❖ Domestic/indoor employments - Engage in offices, shops, factories, etc.

❖ Outdoor employments - Farming, road construction, construction work, etc.
❖ Employments in fixed locations - In factories, in offices, in shops
❖ Mobile employments - Hawkers sale of goods by traveling, etc.
07. Name some job opportunities for students who are studying in the science,
mathematical, commerce, technical and art stream.
❖ Academic/ Professional qualifications

❖ Academic qualifications- In the selection of a job, it is required to
have academic and vocational qualifications. G.C.E. (O/L) G.C.E.
(A/L) Diploma (example: Music, Agriculture, etc.) Degree (Science,
Arts, Commerce, Technology, etc.)
❖ Professional qualifications - Qualifications related to the job

engaging at present or to be engaged in future.
Example: Diploma for teaching profession, Training in Teachers'
Colleges, Bachelor of education Postgraduate Diploma in
Education
08. Write 04 institutions in Sri Lanka which provide professional training.
09. Write 04 courses that can be followed at above institutions.
10. Write 03 institutions to get information on professional courses.
❖ Department of Technical Education and Training

❖ National Apprenticeship Institute and Technical Training Authority
❖ Vocational Training Authority
❖ National Youth Council
11. Write 05 important factors to be considered when selecting the A/L stream.
❖ Whether the subject streams suit your skills

❖ What are the other educational and training courses that could be followed
through those subject streams?
❖ Whether there are chances for higher education through the selected subject
stream?
❖ Whether there is a possibility to pursue studies in the selected subject stream
in your school?
❖ What would be the job opportunities in future on the selected subject
stream?
12. Write 04 jobs with special academic qualifications.
❖ Occupation/ profession- Academic qualifications

❖ Teaching profession- Degree, passing A/L
❖ Legal profession- Degree in Law
❖ Medical Profession- Medical Degree
❖ Nursing- Pass in A/L Science stream
❖ Filed of Accountancy- Pass in AAT, CIMA examinations
13. What is timely demand?
❖ It means, qualifications for various jobs may vary from time to time. At
present, to be a clerk, a pass in A/L is sufficient. But later it may require a
degree instead
14. What is physical and mental demand?
❖ It means to do a job, there should be a good mental readiness and a good

physical fitness.
15. Write 03 main ways for us to respond to a job advertisement.
❖ By a bio-data from
❖ By a job application
❖ By a letter
Following information has been indicated to show the importance of a proper

Curriculum Vitae by Bright and Earl, 2001
❖ At present a Curriculum Vitae has become an essential thing for
everybody.
❖ Ability to get a complete picture of you from your Curriculum Vitae.
❖ Your intention should be to make the Curriculum Vitae attractive
from the others.
❖ There is a competition in the job market at present.
❖ It minimizes the nuisance of time and job expectation
16. Write 05 main features that could be included in a Curriculum vitae?
Personal information
Name, address, city, country, telephone number, e-mail address, date of birth,
citizenship, gender, civil status, particulars of children etc
Educational qualifications
School education, higher educational institutions, certificates obtained,
(including institution, year, standard of the certificate)
Professional qualifications (relevant experience)
Relevant experience for the job, special skills for that, etc.
Previous job details
Institutes, job duration, designation, trainings, scholarships and achievements
of the previous work place, if a job had been done.
Skills
Sports skills, aesthetic skills, writing skills, skills in language proficiency, etc.
Awards achieved
Awards achieved (if any) on your special skills/aptitudes, achievements (special
medals, patent rights, etc.)
Publications
Articles, books, research reports, (if any) published by you.
Professional membership
If you have held posts in other professional organizations, particulars of them
posts held in social organizations, particulars of membership.
Qualities
Dedication on entrusted responsibilities, tolerance, and friendliness, generosity,
etc are examples.
Hobbies and preferences
These can be mentioned very briefly.
(Non-related referees)
It is necessary to name two persons, who are not your close relatives. Their
❖ names, telephone numbers, addresses and posts, etc. should be given.
17. Write 04 factors to be considered when preparing a Curriculum Vitae.
❖ State the required information clearly and accurately

❖ Include a clear photograph
❖ State information, the special skills and achievements
❖ State all particulars about you
❖ State the professional qualifications, and experience
18. Write 04 importance of filling in a rough copy of an application.
❖ Remove unnecessary information, if written

❖ Check all the information to be included
❖ Prepare an application accurately, with a clear finishing
❖ Get corrections done by another
❖ Retain a copy of the qualification with you
19. Write 04 factors to be considered when filling in an application.
❖ To follow the given instructions correctly

❖ To give correct information to what is asked for
❖ To fill in all the information in the application
❖ Instead of leaving blank space, to write "inapplicable" in such blanks
❖ Use only the blank space or the square given
20. Write 04 importance of preparing a draft for the letter of application.
❖ Ability to give logical sequence of content

❖ e.g.: First, include the facts to be stated first, and later ones the later.
❖ - Ability to include all the information required
❖ e.g.: Educational qualifications, experience, preferences and hobbies.
❖ - Ability to present important factors in an order
❖ - Ability to write the letter accurately
21. Write some logical sequence of the content in a letter.
❖ Logical sequence of the content in a letter

e.g.: The letter is from whom, name, address and date
The letter is for whom; Name, Designation
Address of the receiver
Title of the letter
Basic factors to be included in the letter
❖ Date of the newspaper or gazette in which the vacancy is advertised
❖ - Information required from the advertisement.
❖ - Answering all the points relevant as mentioned in the advertisement
❖ e.g.: professional skills/ achievements
❖ - Attractive presentation of information
22. What are factors to be considered in forwarding the application attractively?
❖ the highest qualification you possess

❖ Achievements at national and international level, are very important to
be stated.
23. Write 03 importance of responding to the vacancy before the closing date.
❖ To avoid the delay in the post

❖ To facilitate the employer to take future steps regarding the vacancy
❖ Ability for the employer to understand the interest of the applicant for the
vacancy
24. What is an interview?
❖ An interview is a verbal test, conducted by the employer to examine

your suitability for enrolment to the expected job/occupation.
25. Write 03 types of interviews conducted to select for jobs.
❖ Individual interview
Head of the institution himself questions the candidate verbally. Interviews
of this nature are conducted, especially in the private sector to enrol workers for
business enterprises, garment factories owned by a single person.
❖ Group interview
These interviews are held to enrol workers for government and large
scale private sector institutions. Generally, there can be two or more persons in the
interview board. When selecting for high level occupations, there can be about five
people seen in the interview board.
❖ Practical interview
Sometimes for jobs that need to test practical skills, practical tests are
conducted in addition to verbal interviews. Specially in the case of computers,
jobs in the technical field and music and dancing, practical tests are conducted. At
present at the recruitment of teachers also, practical tests are conducted.
26. Name some jobs that conduct practical interviews.
❖ Specially in the case of computers, jobs in the technical field and music and
dancing, practical tests are conducted. At present at the recruitment of
teachers also, practical tests are conducted.
27. Write 04 procedures to follow in facing an interview successfully according to Charlie
Marshalls.
❖ Work to scheduled time. Go to the relevant place of interview early.

❖ Do not argue or be critical with the interviewer or the board.
❖ Answer the questions frankly, honestly and not in a debatable manner.
❖ During the time of interview, show your politeness and learnedness.
❖ Never boast of yourself over the limit. Try to be you yourself
28. Explain the factors to be considered when facing an interview for a job.
❖ Personal appearance
Do your hair in a suitable way
Make up
Dress
❖ Body Language
Sitting posture
Eye contact
Facial expressions
Use of hands
Attention and interest
❖ Maintaining a good rapport with the interview board

Require a training to win the attention of the interview board in a disciplined
way
Pay attention and reply directly to questions of the interview board
Appear before the interview board diligently and without laziness
❖ Speech and use of language

To speak clearly and audible enough to be heard by the interview board
Using the language politely and courteously
❖ Being courteous
When entering and leaving the place where interview is held, behave
politely
Address respectfully and be disciplined when taking seat and leaving
Answer the questions of the interview board respectfully and politely
Behave before the interview board respectfully
29. Write 04 qualities to be developed if you want to be successful in your job.
❖ proper time management

❖ accurate finance management
❖ personal behaviour
❖ maintenance of balance between occupation and personal life.
30. What is time management in a job?
❖ To make activities in the job to be successful, time should be divided

according to the work
31. Write 04 importance of time management.
❖ Ability to complete/finish your duty in time

❖ Ability to win a good name in the institution
❖ Ability to satisfy the clients
❖ Ability to work without mental stress
32. Write 04 methods of time management.
❖ To understand the duties assigned to you well

❖ To arrange them in the order of priority
❖ To allocate a time limit for each duty
❖ To follow a daily time table
33. A person can divide his time into 03 parts. What are they?
❖ Personal time- Time to be spent for personal affairs is introduced like this. It
should be used apart from time of duty.
❖ Time for work- Time you have to spend to work in the office or work site is
called this. In Sri Lanka, it is considered as eight hours
❖ Time for studies- Time allocated for training and completion of qualifications
is called this. Sometimes leave is granted by the institutions and directed for
educational activities.
34. What is efficiency?
❖ using limited resources to the maximum
35. What is productivity?
❖ achieving initially planned aims in the same way
36. Why do the employer concern on productivity and efficiency?
❖ It is the expectation of every employer to maintain productivity and

efficiency in his institution.
❖ Therefore, it is the right of employers to expect a service from the
employees,
in return for money and other facilities offered to them.
❖ So that the employee should consider it as his right and his duty to do the
service without any reluctance.
❖ If these duties are well performed, institutions can reach productivity and
efficiency very easily
37. Write 04 characteristics of meticulous personal conduct or behavior.
❖ Performing your responsibilities properly

❖ Maintaining a sound communication
❖ Treating employees in a friendly manner
❖ Working with maximum dedication
❖ Not taking leave unnecessarily
❖ Dress in a proper manner
38. Mention 04 steps that should be followed by employees.
❖ Adjust your behaviour in order to achieve the objectives of the institution

❖ Report for work on time
❖ Not to delay work unnecessarily
❖ Offer your service to the institution voluntarily at times of need
❖ Work to use the resources to the maximum
39. Write 04 activities that will bring dishonor to oneself and the institution.
❖ To be drunk on while on duty, chewing betel, smoking, malpractices,

❖ Getting bribes, keeping away from place of work unnecessarily and
❖ engaging in corruptions
40. Name 02 parts of proper personal financial management and give examples.
❖ Income- Salary, Loans, Interest, Profits, Subsidiaries, Donations

❖ Expenditure- Paying loans, Maintenance, Consumption, Investments,
Education
41. How to use money for a successful living?
❖ Spending money in normal or emergency situations

❖ Opening and maintaining bank account
❖ Savings for future
❖ Avoid dealing with loans for consumptions
42. Why it is essential to save money for future in personal finance management?
❖ If there is a break down in earning under the expected conditions of income

❖ Use in unexpected problematic situations, if any emergency causes
❖ To be used at old age or after retirement
❖ To live without being burden to the others
43. Write 04 advantages of credit cards.
❖ Better security than portability of money

❖ Decides on the maximum credit level for a person
❖ Interest free time period for payment
❖ Ability to get various rewards on the amount spent
44. Write 04 disadvantages of credit cards.
❖ Possibility for an outsider to misuse

❖ Getting additional charges for payments
❖ Sudden change of conditions
❖ Tendency to spend lavishly
45. What is the main problem faced in using credit cards?
❖ The main problem specially when using credit cards without a limit for
services and goods is that we inescapably become long-term debtors to
credit card companies.
46. What are the reasons to save money for future?
❖ In an urgent necessity of money this saving could be used as for a loan.

❖ If employed in a job with no pension, this saving could be used for future
investment.
47. What are the five activities in daily life that a person should pay attention to?
❖ Professional life- Activities pertaining to the job, preparation of documents,

participation in meetings, engaging in training programmes
❖ Personal life- Meeting friends and relations, doing further education,
maintaining personal hygiene
❖ Family life- Children’s education, going on picnics, renovating the house,
preparation of food, getting treatments for illnesses
❖ Social life- Participation in societies of the area, helping public
service, patronizing religious activities
❖ Spiritual life- Building up spiritual development, religious activities, moving to
a religious life
48. Write 04 steps to be taken by a person to make life more successful?
❖ Refraining from taking liquor and drugs

❖ Refraining from smoking
❖ Keeping away from bad friends
❖ Refraining from taking loans unnecessarily.
❖
Author – M.H.M Musthanzir – Zahira College Kalmunai (National School)
Contact Number – 0758424573
Purpose - I expect this Grade 09 Civic Education Self-study Book is designed to learn their
lessons easily to my beloved students.
I think it’s an easy way to study your lessons.

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CIVIC EDUCATION

Prepared by: M.H.M Musthanzir

ZONAL EDUCATION OFFICE - KALMUNAI

01. What is the basic unit of society?

❖ Family is the basic unit in a society.

❖ Society is a collection of several families.

❖ The responsibility of a family is to provide a disciplined and cultured individual to

❖ Developing healthy relationships among members

❖ Provision of systematic education

❖ Inculcating of good attitudes

❖ Developing of unity among members

❖ National Board of Dangerous Drug Control

❖ Court, Police and security forces

❖ Enacted by government based on authority

❖ Constitution, Verdicts from courts

❖ Constitutional law, Criminal law, Civil law

23. Write 3 tasks perform by Police in Sri Lanka?

establishment of social security?

❖ Analytical and specialist advisory services connected to the fields like

❖ Army, Navy and Air force

❖ Unawareness of the law is not a reason for excuse

❖ Respecting the court

❖ Showing obedience relevant to the practice of law

❖ Assisting the relief services in disasters

❖ 1. Through the Police

❖ National Child Protection Authority was established by Act No 50 of 1998 of the

❖ Vision- To create a friendly and protective environment for children

❖ Legal intervention relevant to the child abuse

❖ Taking measure to protect child rights

01. What is ‘Technology’?

❖ Change of the consumer pattern of man

❖ Works becoming easy

❖ Human needs become complex

❖ For various domestic needs

09. What do you understand by ‘appropriate technology’? Write in brief.

❖ Sustainable development means long-lasting and endurable development.

11. Write 4 benefits of using appropriate technology for sustainable development?

❖ Avoiding wastage of resources

❖ Production- changing economical resources to fulfil the needs of human.

❖ Distribution- The process of providing manufactured goods and services up to the

❖ Use of machinery for preparation of land, planting, harvesting, etc

❖ Existence of division of labour and specification

to the influence of technology in Sri Lanka?

❖ Individuals addicting to unfavourable consuming pattern

❖ The demand for the employment opportunities available in the

❖ Human needs being complex

❖ Local job market

❖ Training on new technical equipment

❖ “Living righteously is well-being” Or else, leading a righteous life earning wealth in

❖ Law abiding, Listening well

❖ Collapse social security

❖ Protection of others' rights

❖ To protect the unity of the diverse society

❖ Acting in collaboration, Sharing

✓ In our society there are many types of peoples living.

❖ British nationalist Robert Owen is considered as the ''Father of Co-operative

❖ Fulfilling the needs of the members

❖ ''Each for all – All for each''

❖ Multi-Purpose Co-operative Societies

❖ Selling consumer goods at low cost