Lab Report Uniaxial Stress Strain

TITLE: Uniaxial Stress and Strain
NAME: Lhavanesh A/L Kunalan

STUDENT ID: 20510843
DEPARTMENT: MMME
ORGANISATION: The University of Nottingham
MODULE: MMME1036 Statics and Dynamics
DATE: 16th November 2022

TABLE 3. 1 CALIBRATION EXPERIMENT DATA
Demec Division
Load (Kg) W = mg (N) Fspecimen(N)
Loading Unloading Average
0 0 0.000 -52 -53 -52.500
2 19.62 440.332 -30 -25 -27.500
4 39.24 880.664 -17 -4 -10.500
6 58.86 1320.996 -3 13 5.000
8 78.48 1761.328 11 28 19.500
10 98.1 2201.660 26 40 33.000
12 117.72 2641.992 39 47 43.000
14 137.34 3082.324 51 51 51.000
Graph of Fspecimen against Average Demec Division, D
Calibration Experiment Data

80.000
60.000
y = 0.033x - 43.292
Average Demec Division
40.000
20.000
0.000
0.000 500.000 1000.000 1500.000 2000.000 2500.000 3000.000 3500.000
-20.000
-40.000
-60.000
F (specimen) N
The equation obtained from the graph above is y = 0.033x - 43.292 where gradient, m value is
0.033.
Hence, knowing the Calibration factor (CF) is reciprocal value of gradient from the graph of Force
against D; Calibration Factor (CF) can be calculated by:
CF = 1/ m
CF = 1/ 0.033
Therefore, Calibration factor, (CF) is 30.3 ND-1

TABLE 3.2 SPECIMEN A DATA
Demec Division , D
Demec Division Force (N)
-43 -1302.9 -14 -15 -14.5
-23 -696.9 48 47 47.5
-3 -90.9 87 86 86.5
17 515.1 126 126 126
37 1121.1 163 163 163
Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen A
SPECIMEN A DATA
200
y = 0.0715x + 88.203
AVERAGE DEMEC DIVISION
150
100
50
0
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
-50
FORCE , N
The equation obtained from the graph above is y = 0.0715x + 88.203 where gradient, m value
is 0.0715 and the cross-sectional area of specimen A is calculated to be Area = 7.5 x 10 -5 m2
Moreover, the Demec Gauge used for Demec reading is Demec No.2 where the K value is
2.481 x 105.
𝑲 𝑭 𝑲
For a uniform bar, D = 𝑬 ∗ 𝑨 , and therefore M = 𝑬∗𝑨
𝟏𝟎𝟓
0.0715 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝟏 ∗ 𝑬∗𝟕.𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
Ergo, the Young’s Modulus for specimen A is E = 46.27 Gpa.

TABLE 3.3 SPECIMEN B DATA
Demec Division,D
-45 -1363.5 52 51 51.5
-25 -757.5 137 119 128
-5 -151.5 180 182 181
15 454.5 239 235 237
35 1060.5 295 295 295
Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen B
SPECIMEN B DATA
350
y = 0.0983x + 193.4
AVERAGE DEMEC DIVISION
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500
FORCE
The equation obtained from the graph above is y = 0.0983x + 88.203 where gradient, m value
is 0.0983. The dimensions of length and area of each section of specimen is calculated to be
L1 = 2.6cm, A1 = 45 cm 2, L2 = 5cm, A2 = 63 cm2, L3 = 5.0 cm, A3 = 75 cm2, L4 = 7.6 cm, A4 = 45 cm2.
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿4
(( )+ + + )
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴4
For a stepped Bar, D = 𝐾 ∗ ∗ 𝐹 , Therefore:
𝐸∗𝐿
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3 𝐿4
(( )+ + + )
𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 𝐴4
M=𝐾∗ 𝐸∗𝐿
2.6 5 5 7.6
0.0983 = 2.481 x 10^5 * (( 45 ) + (63) + (75) + ( 45 ))/(𝐸 ∗ 20.2)
Therefore the Young’s modulus of aluminum stepped bar is obtained as, 46.6 GPa.
TABLE 3.4 SPECIMEN C DATA
Demec Division,D
-56 -1696.8 2 2 2
-36 -1090.8 5 4 4.5
-16 -484.8 12 10 11
4 121.2 26 20 23
24 727.2 37 37 37
Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen C
SPECIMEN C DATA
40
35
AVERAGE CEMNEC DIVISION
y = 0.0146x + 22.58 30
25
20
15
10
0
-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000
-5
FORCE
The equation obtained from the graph is y = 0.0146x + 22.58 where the gradient value, m is
derived as 0.0146. The cross-sectional dimension of aluminium bar and brass bar, Aa, Ab, is
calculated to be 8.15 x 10-5m2.
Moreover, for the Young’s Modulus of Aluminium bar, EA the Young’s Modulus of Specimen A and
Specimen B is averaged which in the end is obtained as 46.44 Gpa.
𝑲 𝑲
For a Compound Bar, D = ( ) ∗ 𝑭 , and therefore, : M = ( )
𝑨𝒂 𝑬𝒂 +𝑨𝒃 𝑬𝒃 𝑨𝒂 𝑬𝒂 +𝑨𝒃 𝑬𝒃
0.0146 = (𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟓 /(𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎^ − 𝟓)(𝑬𝒂 + 𝑬𝒃) )
Hence, the Young’s Modulus of Brass is calculated to be , E b = 149.96 Gpa.

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TITLE: Uniaxial Stress and Strain

NAME: Lhavanesh A/L Kunalan

DATE: 16th November 2022

Graph of Fspecimen against Average Demec Division, D

Calibration Experiment Data

Therefore, Calibration factor, (CF) is 30.3 ND-1

Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen A

Ergo, the Young’s Modulus for specimen A is E = 46.27 Gpa.

Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen B

L1 = 2.6cm, A1 = 45 cm 2, L2 = 5cm, A2 = 63 cm2, L3 = 5.0 cm, A3 = 75 cm2, L4 = 7.6 cm, A4 = 45 cm2.

Graph of F against Average Demec Division, D For Specimen C

0.0146 = (𝟐. 𝟒𝟖𝟏 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟓 /(𝟖. 𝟏𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟎^ − 𝟓)(𝑬𝒂 + 𝑬𝒃) )

Hence, the Young’s Modulus of Brass is calculated to be , E b = 149.96 Gpa.

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