ALTHOUGH/ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF

- Although/ Even though/ Though/ Despite/ In spite of đều được sử dụng để diễn tả sự
tương phản, đối lập, mang nghĩa là “mặc dù, dù cho”, tuy nhiên lại có sự khác biệt rất lớn
về cấu trúc giữa chúng.
I. ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH/ THOUGH
- Thường đứng đầu câu (có dấu phẩy để tách 2 mệnh đề) hoặc giữa câu.
Although/ Even though/ Though S V, S V
Ex: We went out even though it was raining.
Although I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest.
II. Biến đổi câu “Although” thành “Despite/ In spite of”
1. Nếu cả 2 mệnh đề đều có cùng 1 chủ ngữ (S), bỏ S rồi động từ thêm _ing
Although S1 V1, S1 V2
=> Despite/ In spite of + Ving, S1 V
Ex: Although he was ill, he still went to school
=> Despite being ill, he still went to school

2. Nếu vế “Although” là “N + Vtobe + Adj”, lấy Adj để trước N và bỏ Vtobe

Although N be Adj
=> Despite/ In spite of Adj N
Ex: Although the car was dirty, he did not wash it.
=> In spite of the dirty car, he did not wash it.

3. Nếu vế “Although” là đại từ + Vtobe + Adj, đại từ -> đại từ sở hữu

Adj -> N, bỏ Vtobe
Although S be Adj
=> Despite/ In spite of his/her/their N
Ex: Although he was ill, he still went to school
=> Despite his illness, he still went to school

4. Nếu vế “Although” là “S V Adv”, đổi đại từ -> đại từ sở hữu

V -> N
Adv -> Adj đặt trước N
Although S V Adv
Despite/ In spite of his/her/their Adj N
Ex: Although he behaves impolitely, everyone still loves him
=> In spite of his impolite behavior, everyone still loves him.

5. Nếu có dạng “there be N”, bỏ “there be” chỉ giữ lại N

Although there be N
=> Despite/ In spite of N
Ex: Although there was the traffic jam, we went home early.
=> In spite of the traffic jam, we went home early
6. Nếu có dạng “it (be) Adj”, đổi Adj -> N thêm “the”
Although it be Adj
=> Despite/ In spite of the N
Ex: Although it was rainy, the children were still happy to play in the garden.
=> Despite the rain, the children still happy to play in the garden.

7. Nếu có dạng “N* (be) Ved/VPII” (câu bị động), thêm “the”

Ved/VPII -> N + of + N*
Although N* (be) Ved/VPII
Despite/ In spite of the N of N*
Ex: Although the television was invented, my father still keeps the habit of reading
newspaper.
=> In spite of the invention of the television, my father still keeps the habit of reading
newspaper.

III. PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. as        B .though         C. since         D. despite
2. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite         B. In spite of         C. Despite         D. Although
3. _______________, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired         B. Although to be tired        
C. In spite being tired        D. Despite tired
4. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Because         B. Even though         C. In spite of         D. Despite of
5. She left him _______________ she still loved him.
A. even if         B. even though         C. in spite of         D. despite
6. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although         B. despite         C. and         D. because
7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. Despite         B. In spite of         C. Because of         D. Though
8. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. Despite         B. In spite of         C. Although         D. A and B
9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. Though         B. Although         C. Even though         D. All are correct
10. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A. Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.
B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.
D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.
11. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
C. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
D. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
12. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.
B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.
13. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
14. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes.
B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C. The car is too expensive for her to buy.
D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
15. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.
A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.
D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired.
16. Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert.
A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert.
B. Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert.
C. Trung went to the concert despite of having a bad cold.
D. Trung had a bad cold. However, he went to the concert.
17. _____it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A. In spite         B. In spite of         C. However         D. Although
18. _____he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr. Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
A. Although         B. However         C. Therefore         D. Still
19. He was offered the job______ his qualifications were poor.
A. despite         B. in spite of         C. even though         D. Whereas
19. ______ we were in town, we often met him.
A. For         B. Although         C. So         D. When
20. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.
A. because         B. although         C. so         D. but
21. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though         B. in spite         C. despite         D. in spite the fact that
22. In spite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain         B. of the rain         C. it was raining         D. there was a rain
23. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite         B. In spite of         C. Despite         D. Although
24. ______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired         B. Although to be tired        C. In spite being tired         D.
Despite tired
25. The children slept well, despite _____.
A. it was noise         B. the noise         C. of the noise         D. noisy
26. She left him __________ she still loved him.
A. even if         B. even though         C. in spite of         D. despite
27. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite         B. Even though         C. in spite of         D. despite of
28. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
A. Although         B. Even         C. Despite         D. In spite of
Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses:
1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although)
_________________________________________________.
2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though)
_________________________________________________.
3. He was innocent, but he was sent to a prison. (although)
_________________________________________________.
4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
_________________________________________________.
5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though)
_________________________________________________.
6. The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter. (although)
_________________________________________________.
7. The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although)
_________________________________________________.
8. The traffic jam was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (though)
_________________________________________________.
9. I did not get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (though)
_________________________________________________.
10. We enjoyed the vacation. It rained a lot. (even though)
_________________________________________________.

Bài 3: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi
1. Although his friend was sick, she still went to work yesterday.

=> In spite____________________________________________

2. Despite her unkind behavior, we still love her.

=>  Although___________________________________________

3. Despite the fact that Tony learnt very hard, he failed this test.

=>  Although___________________________________________

4. Her brother really enjoy this job although the salary was very low.

=>  Despite____________________________________________
5. In spite of the dirty room, Salim didn’t clean it.

=>  Although__________________________________________

6. Although there was the traffic jam, they went to the post office.

=>  In spite___________________________________________

7. Although my uncle was tired, he still drove a hundred kilometers to the next city.

=>  Despite the________________________________________

8. The film poster is wonderful. I don’t like to see it.

=>  Even though_______________________________________

9. Although I was so tired, I couldn’t sleep last night.

=> In spite____________________________________________

10. Despite being wealthy, she still works hard.

=> Even though________________________________________