Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Department of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Engineering

CASE STUDY
02

Course Title: Well Logging and Formation Evaluation

Course Code: PMRE 6003
 Case Study 3
Eocene Wilcox Sandstone
Gulf Coast
The log package is run on one combination tool to save lots of company valuable rig time. Logs
run during this well includes-
An induction electrical log with associate degree SP and a Rwa fast look curve and a sonic log.
The induction electrical log incorporates a deep induction log that live resistivity within the
uninvaded zone (Rt) and a brief traditional that live resistivity within the invaded zone (Rj).
The logs mentioned were recorded through the Eocene Wilcox sandstone, seashore provides the
subsequent info.

Fig 3.1- Induction electric log with SP, Rwa curve, and sonic log, Eocene Wilcox Sandstone, Gulf
Coast
  From 10,924 ft to 10,982 ft, SP log deflects at the left of the curve from the shale baseline.
So it indicates the porous and permeable zone.
 The Rwa quick look curve deflects to the right of the curve from the depth of 10,935 ft to
10,958 ft (upper zone). This deflection is the indication of the presence of hydrocarbons.
 On the deep induction log which reads Rt, shows that resistivities increase in an upper zone
covering approximately 10,924 to 10,958 ft. This increased resistivity also indicates
hydrocarbons.
 But a decrease of resistivities into the lower zone and a deflection of the R wa curve to the
left from the depth of 10,958 ft to 10,982 ft denotes higher water saturations and ultimately
water productivity potentiality.

Given Information
 Drainage area, A = 240 acres
 Reservoir thickness, h = 15 ft
 Porosity, φ = 18%
 Water saturation, Sw = 57%
 Gas gravity (estimated) = 0.62
 Recovery factor = 0.6
 Temperature (estimated) = 279°f
 Initial bottom hole pressure (IBHP, estimated) = 8,103 psi
 Z factor = 1.229
 Geothermal gradient = 0.0255 x formation depth
 Pressure gradient = 0.74 x formation depth
 Rw = 0.022 (at Tf)
 F = 0.62/φ2.15 (formation factor for Gulf Coast sands)
 Rmf = 0.222 (at Tf)
 Tf = 260°F
 Δtsh = 99.166
 Surface temperature = 80°

The log values are recorded from depth of 10927 ft to 10981 ft per 3ft depth. Values from the logs
recorded are used in many equations for making the following work Table C.

Water Saturation from Archie Equation—It is calculated from-

Water Saturation Ratio from-

Water saturation of flushed zone calculated by-

Moveable Hydrocarbon Index-

Bulk Volume Water—Here Porosity is the neutron-density porosity-

Moveable Oil Saturation-

Irreducible Water Saturation- This formula is used to calculate an approximate value for
irreducible water saturation.

Available tool for porosity determination is only sonic log by using the following equations-

Since sonic log is affected by gas, sonic porosity with gas correction by using-

To confirm whether or not the lower Wilcox zone will produce water, a detailed evaluation is
necessary. This evaluation includes-
Work Table: C
Depth ILD S.N. Δt Δt-Δtm Φs (III) Φs * 0.7 Swa (%) Swr (%) Sxo Sw /Sxo MOS BVW ΦS (II) ΦS *0.7 Swirr φs % (I) φs*.7
(%) ( %) (%) (%)
10927 1.7 3 92 36.5 24.8 17.4 59.0 33.6 100 0.59 41 0.102 26.4 18.5 8 26.9 18.8
10930 1.6 3 100 44.5 27.8 19.5 54.2 34.9 100 0.54 46 0.106 32.1 22.5 7 33.0 23.1
10933 1.8 3.1 99 43.5 27.5 19.2 51.8 33.1 100 0.52 48 0.099 31.4 22 7 32.2 22.6
10936 1.9 3.2 97 41.5 26.7 18.7 51.7 32.7 100 0.52 48 0.097 30.0 21 7 30.7 21.5
10939 1.4 3.1 96 40.5 26.4 18.5 61.1 38.8 100 0.61 39 0.113 29.3 20.5 7 30.0 21.0
10942 1.6 3.4 97 41.5 26.7 18.7 56.4 37.8 100 0.56 44 0.106 30.0 21 7 30.7 21.5
10945 2 3.7 92 36.5 24.8 17.4 54.4 34.6 100 0.54 46 0.094 26.4 18.5 8 26.9 18.8
10948 2.3 3.9 99 43.5 27.5 19.2 45.8 32.8 100 0.46 54 0.088 31.4 22 7 32.2 22.6
10951 1.6 3.2 100 44.5 27.8 19.5 54.2 36.4 100 0.54 46 0.106 32.1 22.5 7 33.0 23.1
10954 1.4 3 98 42.5 27.1 19.0 59.5 38.0 100 0.59 41 0.113 30.7 21.5 7 31.5 22.0
10957 1.3 3.4 95 39.5 26.0 18.2 64.4 43.0 100 0.64 36 0.117 28.6 20 7 29.2 20.4
10960 1.2 3 92 36.5 24.8 17.4 70.2 41.8 100 0.70 30 0.122 26.4 18.5 8 26.9 18.8
10963 1.1 2.9 94 38.5 25.6 17.9 71.0 43.2 100 0.71 29 0.127 27.9 19.5 8 28.4 19.9
10966 1 2.8 95 39.5 26.0 18.2 73.4 44.9 100 0.73 27 0.133 28.6 20 7 29.2 20.4
10969 0.8 2.6 95 39.5 26.0 18.2 82.0 49.3 100 0.82 18 0.149 28.6 20 7 29.2 20.4
10972 0.8 2.5 95 39.5 26.0 18.2 82.0 48.1 100 0.82 18 0.149 28.6 20 7 29.2 20.4
10975 0.98 2.4 93 37.5 25.2 17.6 76.4 41.3 100 0.76 24 0.135 27.1 19 8 27.7 19.4
10978 0.9 2.2 91 35.5 24.4 17.1 82.4 41.2 100 0.82 18 0.141 25.7 18 8 26.1 18.3
10981 1.5 3.1 92 36.5 24.8 17.4 62.8 37.1 100 0.63 37 0.109 26.4 18.5 8 26.9 18.8
 Fig 3.2- A Pickett cross plot of deep induction log resistivities (R,) versus sonic log interval
transit (Δt) time, corrected for a sand matrix (Δt ‐ Δtma)
A Pickett cross plot of deep induction log resistivities (RILd) versus (Δt - Δtma) is constructed having
water saturations ranging from 100% to less than 50%. High water saturations on the Pickett cross
plot from the lower Wilcox zone denotes its water productive nature.
 Fig 3.3- Grain size determination by water saturation (Sw) versus porosity (Φ) cross plot
From the grain size determination by water saturation (Sw) versus porosity (Φ) cross plot, Wilcox
sandstone grain size is very fine-grained.

Fig 3.4-Irreducible water saturation (Swirr) versus porosity (Φ) crossplot for determining
permeability
 Fig 3.6-Bulk volume water cross plot ( Φs vs. Sw); C stands for bulk volume of water
The lower bulk volume water values and lower water saturations in the upper Wilcox sandstone,
when compared to the lower, indicate only the upper Wilcox may be above a gas/water transition
zone.
The bulk volume water values which are much greater than 0.1 are from the lower part of the Wilcox
from 10,958 to 10,982 ft. This interval is above irreducible water saturation.

Recoverable reserves by volumetric calculations of the Wilcox sandstone-

= 2.36* 109 ft3= 2.36 BCF

=323.841

Then to estimate the return on investment of the Wilcox sandstone –

Given
 Working interest, WI = 25%
 Net revenue interest, NRI = 82.5%
 Net revenue interest is the total interest (total interest equals 100%) minus any royalties
such as an interest granted to a mineral rights owner.
 Estimated cost of the well = 1.8 million dollars
 Product price = $ 1.90 per mcf
Calculation-

 Working interest well cost = Total Well Cost x WI = $ 1800000 x 0.25 = $ 450000
 Net Revenue Working Interest = NRI x WI = 0.825 x 0.25 = 0.20625 = 20.625 %
 Gross Revenue = Reserves x Product Price = (2.36 x 1,000,000) x $ 1.90 = $ 4484000
 Net Revenue (Working Interest) = Gross Revenue x Net Revenue Working Interest = $
4484000 x 0.20625 = $ 924825
 Return on Investment = Net Revenue (Working Interest) / Working interest well cost = $
924825 / $ 450000 = 2.055 : 1 ≈ 2:1