Phenomenological Sample Research Chapter 1

Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Graduate School MAEd Program

Kalibo, Aklan
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The typical days for language teachers around the world were stressful enough,
given their typically heavy workloads, time pressures, and difficulties juggling roles
(Macintyre et al.,2019). The sources of teacher stress have multiplied with the advent of
Covid-19. Workloads that were once perceived as substantial have been complicated by a
rapid conversion to online delivery for which many language teachers had not been
prepared but whose effects seem likely to last for years to come. Balancing personal and
professional roles is a challenge for many teachers, but online delivery of courses with
work-at-home protocols and ubiquitous online work-related activity creates a lack of
physical, temporal and/or psychological boundaries between school and home. In many
cases, teachers have significant others sharing the same space and/or have their own
children who also need their attention. In particular, the nature of the global pandemic
brings a particular set of Covid-19 difficulties to the mix: health concerns for oneself and
loved ones, social and physical distancing, travel restrictions, closed borders, shortages of
daily necessities, restricted services, and uncertainty as to when life will return to
‘normal.’
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought drastic impact in everyone’s day-to-day
life. This also brought a major effect in the educational system. Here in Aklan, Flexible
Learning Modalities (Modular Distance Learning and Online Distance Learning) are
Kalibo, Aklan
implemented in the beginning of the S.Y. 2020-2021. There are a lot of foreign related
studies conducted to determine the stress and coping mechanisms of English teachers in
related to administering blended learning. But, here in the Aklan only few studies were
conducted about this matter, including this study. In this matter, this study was conducted
to determine the challenges and coping mechanisms among English teachers in a Private
School in administering blended learning during the pandemic. Likewise, for the
researcher to develop an intervention program in order to solve this problem.
Statement of the Problem
This study was conducted to determine the challenges and coping mechanisms
among English Teachers in a Private School in administering blended learning during
pandemic.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the lived experiences of teachers in administering blended learning?
2. What are the challenges of teachers in administering blended learning?
3. What are the coping mechanisms by teachers in administering blended
learning?
4. What intervention program can be proposed to capacitate teachers in using
blended learning?
Kalibo, Aklan
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT THEORY Eccles &Midley,
(1989). This theory is one of the earliest interactional theories of work- related
psychological distress, suggesting that work-related stress arises due to a lack of fit
between the individual’s skills, resources and abilities, and the demands of the work
environment.
Likewise, this theory describes fit as an adjustment and elaborated on two distinct forms
of complementary fit. The first is needs-supplies fit, which exists when a person’s needs
are met by the resources in the environment. The second is demands-abilities fit, which
generally focuses on individual’s knowledge, skills, and abilities meeting environmental
demands.
Conceptual Framework
The research paradigm shows that lived experiences, challenges and coping
mechanisms can affect the English Teachers in administering blended learning.
Lived experiences of English teachers would include both positive and negative
that affects their teaching profession in this new normal. Every experiences that allow
them to continue their passion for teaching and will affects their students.
Challenges for teachers are increasing from the start of new normal where face to
face are prohibited and blended learning are applied. Because blended learning is now
being forced, the tendency is for English Teachers to migrate their face-to face techniques
Kalibo, Aklan
to the blended learning environment. But this new system will require a transformation
mindset. What normally works in the classroom would not necessarily be so in blended
learning. The challenge is to build rich activities that keep students engaged.
Given this new modes of learning delivery, it is not surprising that many teachers are
finding it difficult to navigate this new normal. The ability to instruct effectively will be
based on the coping mechanisms of teachers. Coping mechanisms that depends of several
factors, such as having the appropriate skills and capacity to adapt to the context, while
continuing to interact and effectively engage with learners. Identifying intervention
program that would help overcome challenges brought by the pandemic to English
teachers is very important.
Lived
Experiences
Intervention
Program
English
Teachers
Coping Challenges
Mechanism Encountered
Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Kalibo, Aklan
Significance of the Study

The results of this study would provide valuable insights to the following sectors
involved in the teaching-learning process. Likewise, the completion of this research study
would contribute enormously to the following beneficiaries:
Students. The result of this study may enlighten the students and develop
their appreciation to all the sacrifices and difficulties experienced by their teachers in
providing quality education to them during the pandemic.
Teachers. The result of this study would provide insights for the teachers to
develop other strategies in delivering their lessons appropriate to the needs of their
student to lessen the difficulties of the students in adopting the blended learning.
School Administrators. With the findings of this study, the school officials
maybe guided in providing effective management geared towards quality instruction and
be aware of what is really happening to their teaching personnel. Likewise, school
officials may adopt the proposed intervention program in preventing teacher burnout
which is also essential for optimal teacher effectiveness.
Department of Education. With the finding of this study, the Department of
Education will have an idea of what are the challenges of teachers in administering
blended learning in today’s new normal and the proposed intervention program may be
adopted.
Future Researchers. The result of this study would serve as a springboard for
future researches related to blended learning and related topics.

Kalibo, Aklan
Scope and Limitation
Phenomenological research design was adopted for the study. This study
was conducted to describe the lived experiences and the challenges encountered by the
English teachers in administering blended learning during pandemic and their coping
mechanisms. The participants of this study were the 5 English Teachers of Aklan
Polytechnic College who were purposively chosen by the researcher based on its
inclusion criteria. This study sought to identify the challenges and coping mechanisms
among English teachers in Aklan Polytechnic College in administering blended learning
during pandemic and to develop an intervention program that will help teachers. The
researcher conducted an in-depth interview to elicit the qualitative data from the
participants. Gathering of the data started on May to August 2021.
Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined operationally to establish a frame of
reference for both the researcher and the reader.
Blended Learning. This refers to the mode of teaching which was adopted in the New
Normal due to COVID19 pandemic. It involves the use of digital and non-digital
technology and covers both face-to-face and in-person learning, out of-classroom
learning modes of delivery, or a combination of modes of delivery.
Challenges Encountered. This refers to the different struggles that the English teachers
here in Aklan faced while administering blended learning.

Kalibo, Aklan
Coping Mechanisms. Thisrefers to the strategies used by the teachers in the face of
stress and/or trauma to help manage painful or difficult emotions while administering
blended learning.
English Teachers. This refers to the participants who teaches English who were
administering the blended learning.
Intervention Program.This refers to a coherent and organized system of objectives,
activities and human, material and financial resources based on an approach to be
implemented to meet the needs.
Lived Experiences.This refers to personal experiences, choices, and options
and how those factors influence the English teacher’s perception in today’s new normal

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Northwestern Visayan Colleges

Graduate School MAEd Program

Background of the Study

work-at-home protocols and ubiquitous online work-related activity creates a lack of

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought drastic impact in everyone’s day-to-day

researcher to develop an intervention program in order to solve this problem.

Statement of the Problem

among English Teachers in a Private School in administering blended learning during

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the lived experiences of teachers in administering blended learning?

2. What are the challenges of teachers in administering blended learning?

3. What are the coping mechanisms by teachers in administering blended

4. What intervention program can be proposed to capacitate teachers in using

This study was anchored on PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT THEORY Eccles &Midley,

generally focuses on individual’s knowledge, skills, and abilities meeting environmental

mechanisms can affect the English Teachers in administering blended learning.

continuing to interact and effectively engage with learners. Identifying intervention

teachers is very important.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Significance of the Study

would contribute enormously to the following beneficiaries:

providing quality education to them during the pandemic.

be aware of what is really happening to their teaching personnel. Likewise, school

which is also essential for optimal teacher effectiveness.

Department of Education. With the finding of this study, the Department of

future researches related to blended learning and related topics.

Scope and Limitation

among English teachers in Aklan Polytechnic College in administering blended learning

participants. Gathering of the data started on May to August 2021.

The following terms were defined operationally to establish a frame of

reference for both the researcher and the reader.

learning modes of delivery, or a combination of modes of delivery.

here in Aklan faced while administering blended learning.

administering the blended learning.

Intervention Program.This refers to a coherent and organized system of objectives,

activities and human, material and financial resources based on an approach to be

implemented to meet the needs.

Lived Experiences.This refers to personal experiences, choices, and options

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