Communication for a Purpose

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

a. define what purposive communication is; and

b. identify basic guidelines in communicating for a purpose.

II. Study and Learn:

Purposive Communication

The basic rule in communication, whether in oral or written form, is to express and not to impress. In
the 21st century, this is especially true since communication is vital component in fostering productive
learning and working environments to get things done in the shortest time possible.

Conventional ways of disseminating information have evolved into digitization, hence the emergence
of digital communication in which writers are almost always everywhere. Social media, posts, blogs, chats,
emails, videos, and other personal or individual technology-based forms of communication have become
familiar sight to many. Best described as informal, they do function as intended by the authors or senders.
Feedback, however, either positive or negative, still depends on how the message has been crafted into
written or oral form, for social or intellectual discourse.

Purposive communication is more than just conveying intended messages for human discourse. It is
for various purposes. It recognizes that the content of a message is reliant on a purpose in order to
generate the desired outcome of communication. In particular, purposive communication is for frequent
transactions facilitated in different settings where prompt attention is most required. It is getting the
information through. It is obtaining, providing, and disseminating information to move people to action
through persuasion or through argumentation.

Social
Communication Purposive Communication

Fig. 5.1 Purposive communication as technical and social communication

Technical
Communication

Purposive communication is transactional communication. It involves social and technical

communication. It is social in nature for it involves the interpersonal exchange of thoughts and ideas with
common ends among people. Language is used in a co-construction of meanings to extract information,
make inquiries, give instructions, or even investigate matters to resolve conflicts. Peer and power
relationships, cultural influences, and even gender differences are considered to come to a mutual
understanding of and agreement to transmitted messages. Purposive communication is technical in form
as certain predictable patterns are observed lending itself to the formal and professional manner of
presenting issues for a business or industry-related environment. It may adhere to technical jargon when
needed or to suit the audience to which it is directed. Specific work-relevant communication skills have
to be mastered to ensure that intended messages come clear.

III. Application Exercises:

1. What is purposive communication?

2. What are the guidelines in communicating for a purpose?

GOOD JOB
END OF LESSON 5
 Conveying Messages through Written Communication

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

a. identify reasons why essays are written; and

b. demonstrate the ability to write an opinion essay.

II. Study and Learn:

Written Communication

Mastering the basic structure in essay writing is the foundation for effectively communicating through
written materials. Whoever the audience and whatever the purpose, writing an essay to inform or
persuade entails the following steps:

• Decide on the topic. • Decide on the main points.

• Prepare an outline or diagram of your • Write the supporting ideas.
ideas. • Elaborate on the supporting ideas.
• Formulate a thesis statement. • Write the conclusion.
• Write the introduction. • Add information, when needed, upon
• Write the body. editing and proofreading.

Methods of Paragraph Development

1. Definition -explains the meaning of a concept or idea by showing the details, giving examples,
describing, analyzing using symbols, antonyms and the like; explains technical terms and jargon
to prepare the intended reader for the topic to be discussed.
2. Classification- breaks down information into parts in order to simplify a concept or to explain a
series of things by discussing their individual parts.
3. Process – describes a series of connected actions chronologically, in which the outcome is a
product, a natural phenomenon, a mechanical process, or an effect of some kind.
4. Comparison and Contrast – discusses similarities and differences between persons, things,
events, or ideas.
5. Cause and Effect – discusses the reason of a state, condition, or a phenomenon and its
consequences or results.
6. Narration- tells a story in the order of occurrence.

The Essay in a Three- Poled Frame

According to Adlous Huxle, an essay may be anchored on a three-poled frame of reference.

1. Personal (autobiographical) – when a writer utilizes autobiography to be able to describe what

he wants to convey
 2. Concrete- particular (objective factual) – when a writer anchors his judgments and perceptions
on relevant and factual data
3. Abstract-universal – when a writer relies on better abstractions than on personal experiences or
facts

Three Major Reasons Why Essays are Written

• To inform
• To explain
• To persuade

The Opinion Essay

The opinion essay presents an argument for the following reasons:

1. to convince others that one’s stand on an issue is reasonable;

2. to influence others in their way of thinking; and
3. to persuade others to change their views and take the desired action.

The Building Blocks for Formulating an Argument

Claims
Reasons Evidence
Verifiable statements
or facts Must be support facts statistics examples
issues of faith or belief authorities anecdote case studies
supported by reasons that
matters of simple actual evidence
opinion or personal the audience will accept
taste

Formulating an Opinion Essay

1. Introduction
a. Establish that an argument exists by discussing its background.
b. Take a position (thesis).
2. Body
a. Provide evidence /s to defend your position.
b. Conclusion
Restate your position in terms of the argument defended or refuted.

III. Application Exercises:

1. Why essays are written?

2.Write an opinion essay about the topic “Social Media Effect on Young People”
(For 100 points express your own idea and opinion for a minimum of 100 words.)
 GOOD JOB
END OF LESSON 4
 Expressing Oneself through Oral communication

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

a. discuss the importance of expressing oneself through oral communication; and

b. develop students' oral communication skills.

II. Study and Learn:

Oral Communication in the 21st Century

A “sight between” and a “view between” two or more interlocutors in oral communication is more
than just a conversation. Oral communication is the functional exchange of ideas and thoughts that aims
to be interactive.

This type of communication requires the mastery of speaking and listening skills. It is necessary that
in the process of oral communication, a two-way flow of information and ideas is facilitated. In the 21st
century, the development of oral communication is anchored on different technological advancements.
Through technological tools, oral communication is no longer limited to real-life encounters since people
are now able to communicate through gadgets, social media, and other online platforms.

Types of Speeches According to Purpose

1. Expository or informative – meant to explain or describe facts, truths, and principles to educate
audiences. (e. g., classroom lectures, biographical speeches, speeches of tribute, keynote,
commencement and commemorative addresses).
2. Persuasive – design to convince and encourage listeners to reinforce, change, or adopt attitudes,
beliefs, perceptions, convictions, or values based on propositions presented. (e. g., political
campaigns, public debates, product launching sorties, privilege speeches).
3. Entertainment – delivered to provide fun, laughter, or invite listeners to join in any celebration
(e. g., wedding toasts, roast [short speeches of tribute developed with humorous jokes, stories,
and examples of honorees], and after-dinner speeches).

Types of Speeches According to Delivery

1. Reading from a manuscript – the most formal type of delivery and the most effective to have the
greatest control on how speech is worded.
Strengths
a. guarantees refined, polished, and stylized language done with preparation
b. facilitates word-for- word reading for phrases embellished with stylistic elements

Limitations

a. takes time to prepare

 b. delimits the spontaneity and conversational dynamics that effective speakers want to achieve
c. creates artificiality of getting to the point if not read well
2. Memorized speech – best used when accepting awards, introducing speakers, or making
announcements; for speakers trained and practiced to memorize long passages of text; for
presenting the same ideas a number of times (e. g., preachers and teachers).
3. Impromptu speech – this is delivered with little or no preparation, usually about a topic that the
speaker knows well. It is “thinking on one’s feet” or “speaking off the cuff” (Beebe and Beebe,
2013) for it is usually presented with no guide notes or outline and with only a little time of
advance notice preparation.
4. Extemporaneous speech – This is researched and planned ahead of time but the exact wording is
not scripted. It may make use of notes or an outline for guidance on key ideas, structure, and
delivery cues.

Principles of Effective Speech Delivery

1. Articulation – producing clear and distinct sounds

As an oral discourse, speech is best appreciated if thoughts are clearly expressed in words
enunciated and stressed and where consonant and vowel sounds coupled with diphthongs are
distinct.
2. Modulation – adequate volume of the voice accompanied by the appropriate pitch level and a
good voice quality
When delivering a speech onstage, one’s natural speaking voice may have to be modulated.
The appropriate pitch level, volume, and speed or rate of speaking all contribute to voice
projection ideal for speech delivery.
3. Facial expressions, gestures, and movements -appropriateness and proper timing
Multimodal as it can be, speech delivery is not simply standing on stage and facing the
audience. The appropriateness and right timing of hand gestures, bodily movements, and facial
expressions are significant to ‘driving home’ or getting across one’s message. These have to be
similarly considered when a speech is backed up by a PowerPoint presentation or infographics.
4. Stage presence- naturalness, composure, and confidence before the listeners
Appearing and sounding impressive make a difference in delivering a speech. Any
affectations or rigidity that may be obvious in a speaker will spoil the delivery itself.
5. Rapport with the audience- attentiveness to reactions or shifts in listening patterns; openness to
questions raised
The audience must be seen not merely as spectators but as one with the speaker. Hence, to
be sensitive to the needs of the listeners who demonstrate approval and trust or rejection and
mistrust or distrust is important.
6. Silence – room for pauses and silence
Though speech may be verbal, the gift of silence and time for pauses equally contribute to
the entirety of delivery.

Ten Commandments of Oral Communication

1. Believe in what you say.

2. Believe in the people to whom you speak.
3. Live what you say.
 4. Know when you say it.
5. Know why you say it.
6. Know how to say it.
7. Have fun saying it.
8. Show it as you say it.
9. Say it so people can own it.
10. Say it so people will do it.
(Adapted from Mrs. Flora Reyes ‘)

III. Application Exercises:

Directions: For your answer, answer the question through a video clip and video yourself in answering this
question for a minimum of 1 min. only and not exceeding 2 mins. And personally send it to my messenger.
This is worth for 100 points.

1. Why oral communication skills are important for students?

GOOD JOB
END OF LESSON 4
 Communicating Ideas Effectively

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
a. identify different guidelines in using infographics; and
b. describe the importance of power point presentation.

II. Study and Learn:

Communication in the 21st Century

Communication has ceased to be plainly linear or strictly verbal or written with the advancement of
technology of the 21st century. Information can be relayed through simple but appealing and eye-catching
infographics and data visualizations. In visual representations of information that consist of charts, maps,
icons, progress bars, signs, posters, diagrams, and online visuals, ideas are transmitted fast and clear.

The PowerPoint presentation, for its part, serves as a visual representation of an otherwise scripted
delivery of a topic. Fully-utilized as an outline, added to the text containing only the salient points of the
subject matter are images, graphics, and visuals that infographics likewise make use of. The Pecha Kucha
(Japanese for chit-chat) presentation style, with its maximum use of twenty (20) slides shown for twenty
(20) seconds each, ensures in a matter of six (6) minutes and forty (40) seconds, the concise and speedy
delivery of the speaker’s presentation.

Five Media Formats of Infographics (Krum, 20140

1. Static – the most common, simplest, and easiest to format with the final design saved on an image
file for easy distribution online and to print on paper.
2. Zooming -normally used for larger designs that convey a large amount of information; with an
added interactive layer for zooming controls for readers to use
3. Animated – creates some motion or change to the design as the reader watches, e. g., bars in a
bar chart growing, a color change, or an animated character; completely contained in an image
file and thus, can be posted on other sites or blogs; makes the design stand out as it is moving
4. Video – provide ease of sharing with the ability to be shared anywhere. Unlike static infographics,
videos also have the capacity to engage the audience more efficiently.
5. Interactive – designs give readers some control over the data or visualization displayed for a much
longer period of time than static infographics

The PowerPoint Presentation

Popularly referred to as a software package designed to create electronic presentations

consisting of a series of separate slides, it conveniently and effectively realizes a presenter’s
comprehensive discussion of a topic. PowerPoint presentations can be used to emphasize salient
points of a presentation through visuals and images put on slides. Its primary use is to serve as a
multimodal guide for the presenter to sustain the interest of the audience with transitions, narrations,
and recordings within the slide presentation. On the part of the audience, the PowerPoint
presentation is an outline of the discussed topic at hand.

Basic Guidelines in the Use of Infographics

1. Visual content is still supplementary but a powerful aid in conveying important messages.
2. Visuals are used to support text, convey information, and direct action.
3. Visuals must be audience-appropriate.
4. Cultural awareness and gender-sensitivity are considered in how the content of an infographic is
crafted.

III. Application Exercises:

1. What are the different guidelines in using infographics.

2. Why power point presentation is important to you as a student? (For 100 points express your
own idea and opinion for a minimum of 50 words.)

GOOD JOB
END OF LESSON 4