Breathing Rate Lab Report

Title: Measuring air intake during breathing
Aim: To record the sequence of breathing for a given time period, while also measuring each
breath separately and being able to complete conclusions from numerical recordings in
regards to physical observations. Externalities affecting subject’s breathing may be pointed
out and explained how they affect the breathing rate and the volume of air intake. Due to
the presence of more attendees, results will be analysed and compared against each other.
From these, conclusions and comments on physical fitness will be made and the effect of
externalities on this condition.
Hypothesis: We expect to receive contrasting results when measuring pre-running breathing

rate compared to the post-running rate. This is on behalf of the fact that heart and
breathing rate at rest should be lower, as less air volume is needed per given time. Whilst
post-exercise breathing rate and heart rate are predicted to be higher than data from the
rest period. This is the product of muscles contracting more intensely and operating under a
higher pressure. These actions require larger volume of air to be taken into the body and
transported to each muscle tissue in an aerobic breathing. On an graph, the rest period will
show the line curving only to the required scale of volume intake. Yet, post-running graph
will show more “deep” horizontal curves representing higher volume air intake. Vertically,
curves will each show an inhalation and exhalation which will increase withing the same
time sequence, showing higher breathing frequency. An average person’s heart rate is 60-
100 bpm, and during exercise 100-160 bpm clearly signifying the increased heart rate during
exercises.
Pre-Known Information:
60-100 bpm pre-run, 100-160bpm post-run
Simplified Method:
1) Use the spirometer with an adjusted tube leading to the mouth of the subject to find
the breath intake before the lap run, connect the tube to the lab quest where data
will be retrieved
2) After the lap run, again the individual tube should be inserted into the mouth to
record the breathing intake and outturn to form the oversight of the breathing
pattern.
Graphs:
(a)
(b)
Conclusion: Graph A clearly illustrates the pre-running air intake by the attendee. It is
important to pay notice to the diluted graph curves exhibiting each breath, upward slope
showing attendee’s inhale and downward sloping part of the curve the exhale. The diluted
graph clearly shows the person is at rest and does not require to have fast breathing to
satisfy the body’s physiological need for more air. In Graph B the curves reappearing are
much more saturated and frequent for the same time period in comparison to the recorded
data in Graph A. This shows the need for more air resulting from increased strain on
muscles. These actions require more oxygen to be transported to muscles and higher
amount of Carbon Dioxide to be exhaled. This increases the heart rate to increase the blood
flow which directly affects the breathing rate in a positive way. More air is going to be taken
in (showed by the higher crests and deeper troughs of the wave) and the amount of breaths
for the identical time period will rise. This is reflected in the shorter wavelengths of the
curves in the same measured sequence.
Comparing Participants
Primary correlation between all participants is the saturated sequence after-running
when breaths where conducted more frequently to satisfy the body’s physiological need for
air. The wavelengths are packed together much more closely than pre-running. This
suggests that their bodies responded naturally and as expected. The pre-running sequence
matches less so, as breathing should be kept at constant with more stretched wavelengths
and shorter amplitudes. All participants’ breathing data is inconsistent and many times
showing distressed behavior. Attendee Filip’s pre-run breathing does not differ to the one of
his post-run breathing, suggesting that his breath intake is accounting for constant body
exercise. This argument is also supported by the heart rate data where Filip’s bpm at rest
was 104 and post-exercise bpm was 180. This may be a factor of a measurement
inaccuracy, yet more likely is the result of adjusted high-caffeine diet.
Attendee Bianka has matched the expected trend where breath intake increase
after-exercise, nonetheless her pre-workout breathing has recorder a spike intake. This may
be explained by inconsistent breathing or unusualness that the attendee had to breathe
through her mouth.
Last attendee Dominik, has seen a negative trend in breathing, breathing out less
than he was inhaling. This is very unlikely and better said difficult to do at such a trend axis
as the graph has shown. A more likely explanation has been agreed on which is the
breathing through nose which was not recorded by the spirometer, rather only exhaling was
fully covered by the device, reflecting a negative air volume in Dominik’s recordings.
Attendees Bianka, Dominik and Karol may be said to follow the body’s natural
response to higher stress on muscles by increasing the breathing and heart rate. Attendee
Filip is an exception to this, as his breathing and heart rate remained similar pre-workout
and post-workout.
Evaluation: The results obtained have generally showed the trend we were expecting to
find: an increase in air intake and heart rate after workout. The numerical form of the
results was conflicting at some segments, such as showing negative total volume intake,
which would suggest that by breathing the attendee is losing air continually into deficit. This
again, may be understood as execution error, where the attendee did not use the
spirometer fully for inhaling and exhaling. Nonetheless, the prevalent tendency can be seen
after adjusting the data by eliminating the negative trend line and keeping the data in a
perfectly horizontal value. Also, the heart rate has been measured by pressing the lower
part of the hand to record the pulse manually. There may have been inaccuracy in doing so,
but this was excluded from having a significant impact, rather a marginal and miniscule
difference would occur. The attendees were asked to run one lap exactly and the
measurement technique was fully-standardized, in theory. In the physical environment,
some students may have ran the lap in a shorter amount of time meaning their tension on
muscles was higher in a shorter period of time. This could have resulted in higher
wavelengths and higher demand for air in contrast to an attendee who ran at a lower speed.
Lastly, the response to the outside climate (temperature) affects the heart rate, and thus
the air intake. Third November when the experiment was conducted, the relevant outside
temperature was 15 Celsius. Colder temperature increases the heart rate, hence engaging
with our results. The heart rate of attendees may have been increased pre-workout because
of the climate. This would apply to the inconsistency we have observed in the breathing
pattern of the participants.

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Title: Measuring air intake during breathing

Hypothesis: We expect to receive contrasting results when measuring pre-running breathing

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