ESSAY Question Module 4

1. As a Safety and Health Officer for a construction company, you are required to outline the
measures that you will take to prevent the occurrence of accidents due to the following causes:
a. slides and cave-ins earth, stones /sand (5 marks)
prepare safe work procedures
provide safety and health induction
conduct risk assessment
use suitable scaffold
b. struck by falling object during handling (5 marks)
proper housekeeping

c. contact with electricity. (5 marks)

use suitable PPE
proper earthing
proper SOP
increase supervision

d. collapsing of building, walls or staircase. (5 marks)

use proper PPE
prepare SOP
inspection equipment
install equipment by competent person

2. a) List and briefly explain the common types of mechanical injury hazards. Give example for
each hazard. (10 marks)
Electric hazard
Hit
Crushed by loads
Stuck between rolls
Brake failure
Rope wire breaks-wrong lifting technique
Struck by falling objects-bad housekeeping
b) Briefly explain how you would prevent accident, that are associated with mechanical hazards.
(10 marks)
Identify hazard
Proper SOP
Asses the risk
Determine preventive and control
Monitor the implementation
Check physical condition equipment

3. a. List and explain the three (3) important elements that must be considered in implementing a
personal protective equipment (PPE) program. (9 marks)
 b. Once the type of PPE has been selected (e.g. respirator), explain at least three (3) important
factors that must be taken into consideration to ensure its effective and efficient use. (11 marks)
dependent on HIRARC
PPE must certified products
PPE used to combination of other control measure

4. a. Describe the hazards that can be caused by movement of machinery. (10 marks)
Shearing
Stabbing
Impact
Entanglement
Friction
Crushing
Drawing in
Ejection
Release of potential energy

b. What are the principal factors that determined the level of risk when working with machinery?
(10 marks)
work method
-input and output material
-maintainence works
Work environment
-lighting
-noise
-dust
Individual factors
-incompetent operators
Operational factors
-mechanical failure
-duration of operations

5. a. Give four (4) types of machinery guard. (10 marks)

Fixed guard
Interlock guard
Adjustable guard
Self adjusting guard
Automatic guard
Distance guard
b. Discuss the type of maintenance for machines, guards and tools. (10 marks)
Preventive maintenance – conduct regularly
Statutory maintenance-conduct in compliance with provisions FMA 1967
Breakdown maintenance-conduct when machinery encounters a problem cant operate
Online maintenance-conducted while machine is operated

6. a. What is meant by maintenance? (4 marks)

Work that is carried out to ensure plant remains at acceptable standards
b. State and explain type of maintenance (16 marks)
Preventive maintenance – conduct regularly
Statutory maintenance-conduct in compliance with provisions FMA 1967
Breakdown maintenance-conduct when machinery encounters a problem cant operate
Online maintenance-conducted while machine is operated

7. a. What are the hazards that may arise from poor housekeeping? (10 marks)
Slippery floor
Crowded workplace
Collisions with euipments
Fire incidents
Electric cables in walkway
b. What are the 4 basic rules that can help to prevent hazards associated with the use of hand
tools and power tools? (10 marks)
-select suitable equipment
Safety training
SOP use tools
Inspect tools
Follow manufacturer recommend procedure
Regular maintenance
Install guard of power tools
Designated area for storage

8. a. List 4 (four) main hazard in confined spaces. (8 marks)

Presence toxic gases
Ergonomic hazard
Lack of oxygen
Presence flammable gases
Poor lighting
Biological hazards
b. Discuss the safety procedures of working in confined spaces. (12 marks)
have permit to work
prepare SOP
conduct training for SOP
conduct gas test by AGT
display warning signage
establish ERT
must have Entry suoervisor,standby person,authorised entrant
prepare suitable PPE
prepare exhaust system
ensure safety electric equipment
-ES monitor closely
Continuous suck out dust
Ensure sufficient ventilation

9. Manual handling
a. List ten (10) factors to consider for manual handling (10 marks)
size of load
condition of load
physical shape of load
weight load
level of sturdiness
position of load
head room
 temperature
lighting
external surface of load
lifting equipment
physical worker
b. Explain four (4) safety control measures for manual handling (10 marks)
study weight of load
prepare SOP
using suitable PPE
training
adjust the layout of work area
use proper methods

10. Construction
a) list four (4) activities at construction site and give 2 accidents that could happen (8 marks)
excavation – hit by falling object
installation scaffold – falling from height
welding works – electric shock
piling – buried under falling earth
b) select one (1) activity and give four (4) control measures to be taken (12 marks)
installation scaffold
-Prepare SOP
-Give training
-install by competent person
-identify hazards
-increase supervision

11. Welding work conducted at roof. Incident occurred where the worker fell. Investigation
concluded:
- worker used ladder instead of existing scaffold due to supervisor’s instruction
- worker conduct work without assistance - partner on leave.
a. list out the problem for this situation (8 marks)
-no prior inspection
Improper method
Not follow SOP
Poor instruction
Don’t have training
b. explains control measures to prevent recurrence (12 marks)
prepare safe work procedures
provide safety and health induction
conduct risk assessment
use suitable scaffold

11. Fencing & Machinery / Safeguarding

a) a. Four (4) types may be injury could be occurred (4 marks)
b) cutting
c) mata masuk habuk
d) stabbing hand
e) hit by moving object,loss of ilife
b. Six (6) types of machine hazards & example machines each (6 marks)
g) cutting – saw,blades
h) shearing – turning machine
stabbing – drilling
impact – moving object
k) entanglement – roller machine
friction – abrasive wheel
m) crushing - stamping machine
n) drawing in – roller machine
o) ejection - drill
p)
q) c. Definition of Maintenance under FMA 1967 (4 marks)
maintain in an efficient state,in efficient working order and in good repair
d. Why sometimes operator removes machine guarding and continue without safety device. (4
marks)

easy to operate machine

u) quick job

12. Electrical Safety

a. Electrical Hazards — Failure & injuries (10 marks)
electric shock – respiratory failure
lighting – arc eyes
fire – burn
electrostatic – body shock,heart failure
b. 5 common causes of electrical failure (5 marks)
short circuit
unproper housekeeping
high voltage,low current
wire bocor
5 action to prevent failure (marks)

Labelled

Good houskeeping

Prepare SOP

Maintenance program

Work done by competent technician

Suitable equipment

Suitable replacement
13. Confined Space
a. Two criteria of confined space (4 marks)
enclosed or partially closed space
not intended designed primarily as place of work
have an oxygen deficiency
atmospheric pressure
b. Four (4) main hazards when working in confined space (4 marks)
Presence toxic gases
Ergonomic hazard
Lack of oxygen
Presence flammable gases
Poor lighting
Biological hazards
Noise hazards
Slippery floor
Mechanical equipment

c. Causes of oxygen deficiency in confined space (4 marks)

Presence of toxic gases
Replace by other gases such as nitrogen
Poor ventilation

d. Four (4) safety measure + illustrations (4 marks)

14. Construction
a. Outline the hazards associated with building demolition (8 marks)
heat stress
noise
mineral dust exposure
mechanical hazards
electrical hazards
ergonomic hazards
lighting
working at height
crushed by moving objects
hit by falling objects
b. Describe the sate work practice when working in confine space (12 marks)
have permit to work
prepare SOP
conduct training for SOP
conduct gas test by AGT
display warning signage
establish ERT
must have Entry suoervisor,standby person,authorised entrant
prepare suitable PPE
prepare exhaust system
ensure safety electric equipment
-ES monitor closely
Continuous suck out dust
Ensure sufficient ventilation